230 research outputs found
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Use of an Opt-Out vs Opt-In Strategy Increases Use of Residency Mental Health Services.
Background Residents report high levels of distress but low utilization of mental health services. Prior research has shown several barriers that prevent residents from opting into available mental health services. Objective To determine the impact of a mental health initiative centered around an opt-out versus an opt-in approach to help-seeking, on the use of psychotherapy. Methods Resident use of psychotherapy was compared between 2 time frames. During the first time frame (July 1, 2020 to January 31, 2021), residents were offered access to therapy that they could self-initiate by calling to schedule an appointment (opt-in). The second time frame (February 1, 2021 to April 30, 2021) involved the switch to an opt-out structure, during which the same residents were scheduled for a session but could choose to cancel. Additional changes were implemented to reduce stigma and minimize barriers. The outcome was psychotherapy use by residents. Results Of the 114 residents, 7 (6%) self-initiated therapy during the opt-in period. When these same residents were placed in an opt-out context, 59 of the remaining 107 residents (55%) kept their initial appointment, and 23 (39%) self-initiated additional sessions. Altogether, across both phases, a total of 30 of the 114 residents initiated therapy (ie, 7 during the opt-in and 23 during the opt-out). The differences in therapy use between the 2 phases are statistically significant (P<.001 by McNemar's test). Conclusions There was a substantial increase in residents' use of psychotherapy after the opt-out initiative that included efforts to reduce stigma and encourage mental health services
Isomerization dynamics of a buckled nanobeam
We analyze the dynamics of a model of a nanobeam under compression. The model
is a two mode truncation of the Euler-Bernoulli beam equation subject to
compressive stress. We consider parameter regimes where the first mode is
unstable and the second mode can be either stable or unstable, and the
remaining modes (neglected) are always stable. Material parameters used
correspond to silicon. The two mode model Hamiltonian is the sum of a
(diagonal) kinetic energy term and a potential energy term. The form of the
potential energy function suggests an analogy with isomerisation reactions in
chemistry. We therefore study the dynamics of the buckled beam using the
conceptual framework established for the theory of isomerisation reactions.
When the second mode is stable the potential energy surface has an index one
saddle and when the second mode is unstable the potential energy surface has an
index two saddle and two index one saddles. Symmetry of the system allows us to
construct a phase space dividing surface between the two "isomers" (buckled
states). The energy range is sufficiently wide that we can treat the effects of
the index one and index two saddles in a unified fashion. We have computed
reactive fluxes, mean gap times and reactant phase space volumes for three
stress values at several different energies. In all cases the phase space
volume swept out by isomerizing trajectories is considerably less than the
reactant density of states, proving that the dynamics is highly nonergodic. The
associated gap time distributions consist of one or more `pulses' of
trajectories. Computation of the reactive flux correlation function shows no
sign of a plateau region; rather, the flux exhibits oscillatory decay,
indicating that, for the 2-mode model in the physical regime considered, a rate
constant for isomerization does not exist.Comment: 42 pages, 6 figure
First integrative trend analysis for a great ape species in Borneo
For many threatened species the rate and drivers of population decline are difficult to assess accurately: species’ surveys are typically restricted to small geographic areas, are conducted over short time periods, and employ a wide range of survey protocols. We addressed methodological challenges for assessing change in the abundance of an endangered species. We applied novel methods for integrating field and interview survey data for the critically endangered Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus), allowing a deeper understanding of the species’ persistence through time. Our analysis revealed that Bornean orangutan populations have declined at a rate of 25% over the last 10 years. Survival rates of the species are lowest in areas with intermediate rainfall, where complex interrelations between soil fertility, agricultural productivity, and human settlement patterns influence persistence. These areas also have highest threats from human-wildlife conflict. Survival rates are further positively associated with forest extent, but are lower in areas where surrounding forest has been recently converted to industrial agriculture. Our study highlights the urgency of determining specific management interventions needed in different locations to counter the trend of decline and its associated drivers
Ernst Freund as Precursor of the Rational Study of Corporate Law
Gindis, David, Ernst Freund as Precursor of the Rational Study of Corporate Law (October 27, 2017). Journal of Institutional Economics, Forthcoming. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2905547, doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2905547The rise of large business corporations in the late 19th century compelled many American observers to admit that the nature of the corporation had yet to be understood. Published in this context, Ernst Freund's little-known The Legal Nature of Corporations (1897) was an original attempt to come to terms with a new legal and economic reality. But it can also be described, to paraphrase Oliver Wendell Holmes, as the earliest example of the rational study of corporate law. The paper shows that Freund had the intuitions of an institutional economist, and engaged in what today would be called comparative institutional analysis. Remarkably, his argument that the corporate form secures property against insider defection and against outsiders anticipated recent work on entity shielding and capital lock-in, and can be read as an early contribution to what today would be called the theory of the firm.Peer reviewe
Reading the Second Code: Mapping Epigenomes to Understand Plant Growth, Development, and Adaptation to the Environment
We have entered a new era in agricultural and biomedical science made possible by remarkable advances in DNA sequencing technologies. The complete sequence of an individual's set of chromosomes (collectively, its genome) provides a primary genetic code for what makes that individual unique, just as the contents of every personal computer reflect the unique attributes of its owner. But a second code, composed of "epigenetic" layers of information, affects the accessibility of the stored information and the execution of specific tasks. Nature's second code is enigmatic and must be deciphered if we are to fully understand and optimize the genetic potential of crop plants. The goal of the Epigenomics of Plants International Consortium is to crack this second code, and ultimately master its control, to help catalyze a new green revolution
Holographic Vitrification
We establish the existence of stable and metastable stationary black hole
bound states at finite temperature and chemical potentials in global and planar
four-dimensional asymptotically anti-de Sitter space. We determine a number of
features of their holographic duals and argue they represent structural
glasses. We map out their thermodynamic landscape in the probe approximation,
and show their relaxation dynamics exhibits logarithmic aging, with aging rates
determined by the distribution of barriers.Comment: 100 pages, 25 figure
Upper limits on the strength of periodic gravitational waves from PSR J1939+2134
The first science run of the LIGO and GEO gravitational wave detectors
presented the opportunity to test methods of searching for gravitational waves
from known pulsars. Here we present new direct upper limits on the strength of
waves from the pulsar PSR J1939+2134 using two independent analysis methods,
one in the frequency domain using frequentist statistics and one in the time
domain using Bayesian inference. Both methods show that the strain amplitude at
Earth from this pulsar is less than a few times .Comment: 7 pages, 1 figure, to appear in the Proceedings of the 5th Edoardo
Amaldi Conference on Gravitational Waves, Tirrenia, Pisa, Italy, 6-11 July
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Improving the sensitivity to gravitational-wave sources by modifying the input-output optics of advanced interferometers
We study frequency dependent (FD) input-output schemes for signal-recycling
interferometers, the baseline design of Advanced LIGO and the current
configuration of GEO 600. Complementary to a recent proposal by Harms et al. to
use FD input squeezing and ordinary homodyne detection, we explore a scheme
which uses ordinary squeezed vacuum, but FD readout. Both schemes, which are
sub-optimal among all possible input-output schemes, provide a global noise
suppression by the power squeeze factor, while being realizable by using
detuned Fabry-Perot cavities as input/output filters. At high frequencies, the
two schemes are shown to be equivalent, while at low frequencies our scheme
gives better performance than that of Harms et al., and is nearly fully
optimal. We then study the sensitivity improvement achievable by these schemes
in Advanced LIGO era (with 30-m filter cavities and current estimates of
filter-mirror losses and thermal noise), for neutron star binary inspirals, and
for narrowband GW sources such as low-mass X-ray binaries and known radio
pulsars. Optical losses are shown to be a major obstacle for the actual
implementation of these techniques in Advanced LIGO. On time scales of
third-generation interferometers, like EURO/LIGO-III (~2012), with
kilometer-scale filter cavities, a signal-recycling interferometer with the FD
readout scheme explored in this paper can have performances comparable to
existing proposals. [abridged]Comment: Figs. 9 and 12 corrected; Appendix added for narrowband data analysi
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