Avaliação quantiqualitativa dos hábitos alimentares e adequação dos cardápios ofertados a trabalhadores beneficiados pelo programa de alimentação do trabalhador: uma revisão bibliográfica / Quanti-qualitative assessment of eating habits and suitability of the menus offered to workers benefited by the worker food program: a bibliographic review

As práticas alimentares exercem importantes repercussões na qualidade de vida. Nesse sentido, várias políticas públicas voltadas à promoção da alimentação adequada e saudável foram criadas, entre elas, direcionada para os trabalhadores, têm-se o Programa de Alimentação do Trabalhador (PAT). Sabendo que a alimentação consiste em um fator importante para o desenvolvimento das Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis, é importante que as investigações sobre o estado nutricional do consumidor não se limitem apenas as avaliações de cardápios, mas sim um conjunto de avaliações, dentro e fora do ambiente de trabalho. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão bibliográfica abordando o consumo alimentar, o estado nutricional e o estilo de vida dos trabalhadores beneficiados pelo PAT e a qualidade dos cardápios ofertados. Os dados foram coletados entre os meses de abril a julho de 2021 com 26 artigos selecionados. Os estudos encontraram prevalências de sobrepeso, obesidade, hábito de consumir bebidas alcoólicas, tabagismo e fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares. Ao avaliar os cardápios foi encontrado oferta elevada de calorias, proteína, gordura, sódio, fibra e baixa oferta de carboidrato aos trabalhadores. Em relação ao aspecto qualitativo, os estudos indicaram elevada presença de fritura, doces, alimentos sulfurosos, carnes gordurosas e boa oferta de frutas e folhosos nas refeições principais. Os trabalhos demonstraram a necessidade de um monitoramento do estado nutricional desses trabalhadores e ações de educação alimentar e nutricional, uma vez que as recomendações do PAT não estão sendo alcançadas

Pesticides: classifications, exposure and risks to human health

Pesticides are used in the control and prevention of pests, improving the productivity and the quality of agricultural production. The adoption of the Brazilian agricultural model, which uses pesticides on a large scale and indiscriminately, has been worrying public authorities about their impacts on human health and environmental sustainability. Thus, studies that contribute to a better understanding of agrochemicals and their effects on ecosystems and human health are timely. The aim was to investigate the history of the production and use of pesticides, their classifications, sources of exposure and their risks to human health. The research was carried out through literature review in databases to verify scientific information about the history of pesticides, structural and toxicological classifications, sources of exposure and their risks to human health. The use of pesticides dates back many years. During the nineteenth century until the mid-twentieth century, some chemicals nowadays used was pesticides were used for public health or for war purposes. About the classification of pesticides, due to the different biological targets, the agrochemicals market is segmented into different action targets (herbicides, fungicides and insecticides). Pesticides can be classified as contact, ingestion or systemic according to the mode of action. As for the chemical structure, the main classes of pesticides are organochlorines, organophosphates, pyrethroids and carbamates. The toxicity of pesticides ranges from low toxic to extremely toxic. Exposure to pesticides can occur directly through occupational exposure, or indirectly, through environmental exposure and food. The impacts on human health are divided into acute and chronic form. The prolonged human exposure to pesticides may result in neurological, reproductive, teratogenic and immunological disorders. The results presented in this literature review contribute to a better understanding of agrochemicals and their effects on human health

AVALIAÇÃO DO IMPACTO DA CAPACITAÇÃO DE COLABORADORES NA SATISFAÇÃO DOS USUÁRIOS DOS RESTAURANTES UNIVERSITÁRIOS DA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SANTA MARIA

Os restaurantes universitários (RU’s) têm por desafio fornecer, a um baixo custo, alimentação de qualidade, nutricionalmente adequada e que satisfaça os desejos da sua clientela. Para proporcionar está satisfação é imprescindível que haja melhoria do fator humano, e esta pode ser feita através da educação e treinamento dos funcionários. Neste sentido, esta pesquisa teve como intuito avaliar os impactos da capacitação de colaboradores na satisfação dos usuários dos Restaurantes Universitários da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM). Participaram da pesquisa 116 colaboradores, sendo que, na primeira e segunda pesquisa de satisfação, responderam ao questionário 919 e 274 usuários, respectivamente. Após a primeira etapa, foi realizada uma capacitação com todos os colaboradores pertencentes as três unidades do RU, seguida da nova aplicação do questionário para avaliar a satisfação junto aos usuários do RU da UFSM. Com os resultados dessa pesquisa, pode-se observar que, após a capacitação, os percentuais de satisfação de vários itens da pesquisa aumentaram, tais como “cortesia com o usuário por parte do funcionário” e “tempo de reposição das preparações no buffet”. Além disso, ressalta-se a necessidade da realização de capacitações continuamente, bem como o monitoramento da satisfação do usuário, nos serviços de alimentação e especialmente nos RU’s

Levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in whole milk powderand estimated daily intake for a population of children

ABSTRACT: Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are chemical contaminants classified as persistent organic pollutants. Although, their use has been banned for several decades, PCBs are still scattered in the environment and; therefore, all living organisms may be exposed to these compounds. Diet, especially fatty foods such as milk, has been recognized as one of the main sources of human exposure to PCBs. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the residual levels of indicator PCBs in whole milk powder consumed by preschool children in the Municipality of Imbé, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil and to determine the estimated daily intake of these PCBs through this food. Analyses were performed by GC-μECD and the results were confirmed by GC/MS. The PCBs 28, 52 and 153 displayed values below the limit of quantification. The PCBs 138 and 180 showed mean values of 0.073 and 0.157ng.g-1 lipid, respectively. These values were below the reference limits established by the European Community. The estimated total daily intake of PCBs was 0.110ng.g-1 lipid of body weight per day, a value lower than that established by the legislations of Belgium and Norway

Pesticides: classifications, exposure and risks to human health

Pesticides are used in the control and prevention of pests, improving the productivity and the quality of agricultural production. The adoption of the Brazilian agricultural model, which uses pesticides on a large scale and indiscriminately, has been worrying public authorities about their impacts on human health and environmental sustainability. Thus, studies that contribute to a better understanding of agrochemicals and their effects on ecosystems and human health are timely. The aim was to investigate the history of the production and use of pesticides, their classifications, sources of exposure and their risks to human health. The research was carried out through literature review in databases to verify scientific information about the history of pesticides, structural and toxicological classifications, sources of exposure and their risks to human health. The use of pesticides dates back many years. During the nineteenth century until the mid-twentieth century, some chemicals nowadays used was pesticides were used for public health or for war purposes. About the classification of pesticides, due to the different biological targets, the agrochemicals market is segmented into different action targets (herbicides, fungicides and insecticides). Pesticides can be classified as contact, ingestion or systemic according to the mode of action. As for the chemical structure, the main classes of pesticides are organochlorines, organophosphates, pyrethroids and carbamates. The toxicity of pesticides ranges from low toxic to extremely toxic. Exposure to pesticides can occur directly through occupational exposure, or indirectly, through environmental exposure and food. The impacts on human health are divided into acute and chronic form. The prolonged human exposure to pesticides may result in neurological, reproductive, teratogenic and immunological disorders. The results presented in this literature review contribute to a better understanding of agrochemicals and their effects on human health

Aluminum-Induced Alterations in Purinergic System Parameters of BV-2 Brain Microglial Cells

Aluminum (Al) is ubiquitously present in the environment and known to be a neurotoxin for humans. The trivalent free Al anion (Al3+) can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), accumulate in the brain, and elicit harmful effects to the central nervous system (CNS) cells. Thus, evidence has suggested that Al increases the risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Purinergic signaling has been shown to play a role in several neurological conditions as it can modulate the functioning of several cell types, such as microglial cells, the main resident immune cells of the CNS. However, Al effects on microglial cells and the role of the purinergic system remain elusive. Based on this background, this study is aimed at assessing the modulation of Al on purinergic system parameters of microglial cells. An in vitro study was performed using brain microglial cells exposed to Al chloride (AlCl3) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 96 h. The uptake of Al, metabolism of nucleotides (ATP, ADP, and AMP) and nucleoside (adenosine), and the gene expression and protein density of purinoceptors were investigated. The results showed that both Al and LPS increased the breakdown of adenosine, whereas they decreased nucleotide hydrolysis. Furthermore, the findings revealed that both Al and LPS triggered an increase in gene expression and protein density of P2X7R and A2AR receptors, whereas reduced the A1R receptor expression and density. Taken together, the results showed that Al and LPS altered the setup of the purinergic system of microglial cells. Thus, this study provides new insights into the involvement of the purinergic system in the mechanisms underlying Al toxicity in microglial cells