Análise comparativa entre o ENDO PTC original e leve como substâncias auxiliares no preparo de canais radiculares pelo método manual e mecanizado

Este trabalho avaliou, em Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV), as condições de limpeza dasparedes dentinárias de canais radiculares de sessenta pré-molares inferiores humanos preparados pelastécnicas manual e mecanizada empregando-se como substâncias químicas auxiliares o Endo PTC originale o leve, a solução de hipoclorito de sódio e o EDTA. As eletromicrografias foram analisadas por trêsexaminadores sendo atribuídos escores conforme o grau de desobstrução dos túbulos dentinários. Atravésdos resultados obtidos e das análises estatísticas de Kruskal-Wallis e de Wilcoxon realizadas, constatouseque não houve diferença estatística quanto à desobstrução dos túbulos em relação ao método deinstrumentação empregado e as substâncias químicas auxiliares utilizadas. Porem houve diferença quantoaos terços radiculares analisados.Palavras-chave: Preparo de canal radicular; irrigantes do canal radicular; microscopia eletrônica devarredura

Análise comparativa entre o Endo PTC original e leve como substâncias auxiliares no preparo de canais radiculares pelo método manual e mecanizado

Este trabalho avaliou, em MEV, as condições de limpeza das paredes dentinárias de canais radiculares de sessenta pré-molares inferiores humanos preparados pelas técnicas manual e mecanizada empregando-se como substâncias químicas auxiliares o Endo PTC original e o leve, a solução de hipoclorito de sódio e o EDTA. As eletromicrografias foram analisadas por três examinadores sendo atribuídos escores conforme o grau de desobstrução dos túbulos dentinários. Através dos resultados obtidos e das análises estatísticas de Kruskal-Wallis e de Wilcoxon realizadas, constatou-se que não houve diferença estatística quanto à desobstrução dos túbulos em relação ao método de instrumentação empregado e as substâncias químicas auxiliares utilizadas. Porem houve diferença quanto aos terços radiculares analisados

Role of the R349 Gene and Its Repeats in the MIMIVIRE Defense System

MIMIVIRE is a defense system described in lineage A Mimivirus (Mimiviridae family) that mediates resistance against Zamilon virophage. It is composed of putative helicase and nuclease associated with a gene of unknown function called R349, which contains four 15 bp repeats homologous to the virophage sequence. In a previous study, the silencing of such genes restored virophage susceptibility. Moreover, the CRISPR Cas-4 like activity of the nuclease has recently been characterized. In this study, a recently isolated Mimivirus of lineage A with R349 gene lacking 3 of 4 repeats was demonstrated to be susceptible to Zamilon. To reinforce the importance of the R349 gene in the MIMIVIRE system, we developed and presented, for the first time to our knowledge, a protocol for Mimivirus genomic editing. By knocking out R349 gene in a Mimivirus lineage A, we observed the replication of Zamilon, indicating that this gene is critical in the resistance against this specific group of virophages

Putative Promoter Motif Analyses Reinforce the Evolutionary Relationships Among Faustoviruses, Kaumoebavirus, and Asfarvirus

Putative promoter motifs have been described in viruses belonging to the nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDVs) group; however, few studies have been conducted to search for promoter sequences in newly discovered amoebal giant viruses. Faustovirus and kaumoebavirus are two Asfarviridae-related giant viruses belonging to the NCLDVs group. The phylogenetic relationships among these viruses led us to investigate if the promoter regions previously identified in the asfarvirus genome could be shared by its amoebal virus relatives. Previous studies demonstrated the role of A/T-rich motifs as promoters of asfarvirus. In this study, we reinforce the importance of A/T rich motifs in asfarvirus and show that the TATTT and TATATA motifs are also shared in abundance by faustovirus and kaumoebavirus. Here, we demonstrate that TATTT and TATATA are mostly present in faustovirus and kaumoebavirus genomic intergenic regions (IRs) and that they are widely distributed at 0 to -100 bp upstream to the start codons. We observed that putative promoter motifs are present as one to dozens of repetitions in IRs of faustovirus, kaumoebavirus, and asfarvirus, which is similar to that described previously for marseilleviruses. Furthermore, the motifs were found in most of the upstream regions of the core genes of faustovirus, kaumoebavirus, and asfarvirus, which suggests that the motifs could already be present in the ancestor of these viruses before the irradiation of this group. Our work provides an in-depth analysis of the putative promoter motifs present in asfarvirus, kaumoebavirus, and faustovirus, which reinforces the relationship among these viruses

Heme Drives Oxidative Stress-Associated Cell Death in Human Neutrophils Infected with Leishmania infantum

Free heme is an inflammatory molecule capable of inducing migration and activation of neutrophils. Here, we examine the heme-driven oxidative stress-associated cell death mechanisms in human neutrophils infected with Leishmania infantum, an etiologic agent of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). We first performed exploratory analyses in a population of well characterized treatment-naïve VL patients as well as uninfected controls, who were part of previously reported studies. We noted a positive correlation between serum concentrations of heme with heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and lactate deydrogenase, as well as, a negative correlation between heme values and peripheral blood neutrophils counts. Moreover, in vitro infection with L. infantum in the presence of heme enhanced parasite burden in neutrophils, while increasing the production of reactive oxygen species and release of neutrophilic enzymes. Additional experiments demonstrated that treatment of infected neutrophils with ferrous iron (Fe+2), a key component of the heme molecule, resulted in increased parasite survival without affecting neutrophil activation status. Furthermore, stimulation of infected neutrophils with heme triggered substantial increases in HO-1 mRNA expression as well as in superoxide dismutase-1 enzymatic activity. Heme, but not Fe+2, induced oxidative stress-associated cell death. These findings indicate that heme promotes intracellular L. infantum survival via activation of neutrophil function and oxidative stress. This study opens new perspectives for the understanding of immunopathogenic mechanisms involving neutrophils in VL

Yaravirus: A novel 80-nm virus infecting Acanthamoeba castellanii

Here we report the discovery of Yaravirus, a lineage of amoebal virus with a puzzling origin and evolution. Yaravirus presents 80-nm-sized particles and a 44,924-bp dsDNA genome encoding for 74 predicted proteins. Yaravirus genome annotation showed that none of its genes matched with sequences of known organ-isms at the nucleotide level; at the amino acid level, six predicted proteins had distant matches in the nr database. Complimentary prediction of three-dimensional structures indicated possible func-tion of 17 proteins in total. Furthermore, we were not able to retrieve viral genomes closely related to Yaravirus in 8,535 publicly available metagenomes spanning diverse habitats around the globe. The Yaravirus genome also contained six types of tRNAs that did not match commonly used codons. Proteomics revealed that Yaravirus particles contain 26 viral proteins, one of which potentially represent-ing a divergent major capsid protein (MCP) with a predicted double jelly-roll domain. Structure-guided phylogeny of MCP suggests that Yaravirus groups together with the MCPs of Pleurochrysis endemic viruses. Yaravirus expands our knowledge of the diversity of DNA viruses. The phylogenetic distance between Yaravirus and all other viruses highlights our still preliminary assessment of the genomic diversity of eukaryotic viruses, reinforcing the need for the isolation of new viruses of protists

Vaccinia Virus in Blood Samples of Humans, Domestic and Wild Mammals in Brazil

Outbreaks of Vaccinia virus (VACV) affecting cattle and humans have been reported in Brazil in the last 15 years, but the origin of outbreaks remains unknown. Although VACV DNA have been already detected in mice (Mus musculus), opossums (Didelphis albiventris) and dogs during VACV zoonotic outbreaks, no transmission to cattle or humans from any of these were reported during Brazilian outbreaks. In this work, we assessed the PCR positivity to VACV in blood samples of cows and other domestic mammals, wild rodents and other wild mammals, and humans from areas with or without VACV infection reports. Our results show the detection of VACV DNA in blood samples of cows, horse and opossums, raising important questions about VACV spread

Heme Drives Oxidative Stress-Associated Cell Death in Human Neutrophils Infected with Leishmania infantum

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2018-02-08T13:45:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Carvalho GQ Heme drives oxidative stress-associated....pdf: 2605040 bytes, checksum: f722a973abb1f03727da17d4145e3a82 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2018-02-08T14:05:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Carvalho GQ Heme drives oxidative stress-associated....pdf: 2605040 bytes, checksum: f722a973abb1f03727da17d4145e3a82 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-08T14:05:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carvalho GQ Heme drives oxidative stress-associated....pdf: 2605040 bytes, checksum: f722a973abb1f03727da17d4145e3a82 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia-FAPESB (RED0018/2013 to VB) and from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico-CNPq (478480/2013-0 to VB, 552721/2011-5 and 019.203.02712/2009-8 FAPITEC/CNPq to RA). RA also received a grant from Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES: 23038.005304/2011-01). GQ-C received a fellowship from FAPESB.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Universidade Federal da Bahia. Faculdade de Medicina. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Baiano. Santa Inês, Ba, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Universidade Federal da Bahia. Faculdade de Medicina. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilInstituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa. Aracaju, SE, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Universidade Federal da Bahia. Faculdade de Medicina. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Universidade Federal da Bahia. Faculdade de Medicina. Salvador, BA, BrasilUniversidade Federal da Bahia. Instituto de Ciências da Saúde. Departamento de Biomorfologia. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Universidade Federal da Bahia. Faculdade de Medicina. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Universidade Federal da Bahia. Faculdade de Medicina. Salvador, BA, BrasilUniversidade Federal de Sergipe. Hospital Universitário. Departamento de Medicina. Aracaju, SE, BrasilUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Departamento de Imunologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research Initiative. Salvador, BA, Brazil / Universidade Salvador. Laureate Universities. Salvador, BA, Brazil / Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Universidade Federal da Bahia. Faculdade de Medicina. Salvador, BA, BrasilFree heme is an inflammatory molecule capable of inducing migration and activation of neutrophils. Here, we examine the heme-driven oxidative stress-associated cell death mechanisms in human neutrophils infected with Leishmania infantum, an etiologic agent of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). We first performed exploratory analyses in a population of well characterized treatment-naïve VL patients as well as uninfected controls, who were part of previously reported studies. We noted a positive correlation between serum concentrations of heme with heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and lactate deydrogenase, as well as, a negative correlation between heme values and peripheral blood neutrophils counts. Moreover, in vitro infection with L. infantum in the presence of heme enhanced parasite burden in neutrophils, while increasing the production of reactive oxygen species and release of neutrophilic enzymes. Additional experiments demonstrated that treatment of infected neutrophils with ferrous iron (Fe+2), a key component of the heme molecule, resulted in increased parasite survival without affecting neutrophil activation status. Furthermore, stimulation of infected neutrophils with heme triggered substantial increases in HO-1 mRNA expression as well as in superoxide dismutase-1 enzymatic activity. Heme, but not Fe+2, induced oxidative stress-associated cell death. These findings indicate that heme promotes intracellular L. infantum survival via activation of neutrophil function and oxidative stress. This study opens new perspectives for the understanding of immunopathogenic mechanisms involving neutrophils in VL