Planet Occurrence within 0.25 AU of Solar-type Stars from Kepler

We report the distribution of planets as a function of planet radius (R_p), orbital period (P), and stellar effective temperature (Teff) for P < 50 day orbits around GK stars. These results are based on the 1,235 planets (formally "planet candidates") from the Kepler mission that include a nearly complete set of detected planets as small as 2 Earth radii (Re). For each of the 156,000 target stars we assess the detectability of planets as a function of R_p and P. We also correct for the geometric probability of transit, R*/a. We consider first stars within the "solar subset" having Teff = 4100-6100 K, logg = 4.0-4.9, and Kepler magnitude Kp < 15 mag. We include only those stars having noise low enough to permit detection of planets down to 2 Re. We count planets in small domains of R_p and P and divide by the included target stars to calculate planet occurrence in each domain. Occurrence of planets varies by more than three orders of magnitude and increases substantially down to the smallest radius (2 Re) and out to the longest orbital period (50 days, ~0.25 AU) in our study. For P < 50 days, the radius distribution is given by a power law, df/dlogR= k R^\alpha. This rapid increase in planet occurrence with decreasing planet size agrees with core-accretion, but disagrees with population synthesis models. We fit occurrence as a function of P to a power law model with an exponential cutoff below a critical period P_0. For smaller planets, P_0 has larger values, suggesting that the "parking distance" for migrating planets moves outward with decreasing planet size. We also measured planet occurrence over Teff = 3600-7100 K, spanning M0 to F2 dwarfs. The occurrence of 2-4 Re planets in the Kepler field increases with decreasing Teff, making these small planets seven times more abundant around cool stars than the hottest stars in our sample. [abridged]Comment: Submitted to ApJ, 22 pages, 10 figure

KEPLER's First Rocky Planet: Kepler-10b

NASA's Kepler Mission uses transit photometry to determine the frequency of earth-size planets in or near the habitable zone of Sun-like stars. The mission reached a milestone toward meeting that goal: the discovery of its first rocky planet, Kepler-10b. Two distinct sets of transit events were detected: 1) a 152 +/- 4 ppm dimming lasting 1.811 +/- 0.024 hours with ephemeris T[BJD]=2454964.57375+N*0.837495 days and 2) a 376 +/- 9 ppm dimming lasting 6.86 +/- 0.07 hours with ephemeris T[BJD]=2454971.6761+N*45.29485 days. Statistical tests on the photometric and pixel flux time series established the viability of the planet candidates triggering ground-based follow-up observations. Forty precision Doppler measurements were used to confirm that the short-period transit event is due to a planetary companion. The parent star is bright enough for asteroseismic analysis. Photometry was collected at 1-minute cadence for >4 months from which we detected 19 distinct pulsation frequencies. Modeling the frequencies resulted in precise knowledge of the fundamental stellar properties. Kepler-10 is a relatively old (11.9 +/- 4.5 Gyr) but otherwise Sun-like Main Sequence star with Teff=5627 +/- 44 K, Mstar=0.895 +/- 0.060 Msun, and Rstar=1.056 +/- 0.021 Rsun. Physical models simultaneously fit to the transit light curves and the precision Doppler measurements yielded tight constraints on the properties of Kepler-10b that speak to its rocky composition: Mpl=4.56 +/- 1.29 Mearth, Rpl=1.416 +/- 0.036 Rearth, and density=8.8 +/- 2.9 gcc. Kepler-10b is the smallest transiting exoplanet discovered to date.Comment: Accepted, Astrophysical Journal, November 25, 2010; Eexpected publication date: February 20, 201

I. — De la durée des fonctions d’agrégé dans les Facultés de médecine françaises

Grasset Joseph. I. — De la durée des fonctions d’agrégé dans les Facultés de médecine françaises . In: Revue internationale de l'enseignement, tome 42, Juillet-Décembre 1901. pp. 317-321

Hommage au professeur Grasset

Grasset Joseph. Hommage au professeur Grasset. In: Revue internationale de l'enseignement, tome 65, Janvier-Juin 1913. pp. 417-430

La réforme de l’agrégation de médecine

Grasset Joseph. La réforme de l’agrégation de médecine. In: Revue internationale de l'enseignement, tome 67, Janvier-Juin 1914. pp. 6-19

I. — De la durée des fonctions d’agrégé dans les Facultés de médecine françaises

Grasset Joseph. I. — De la durée des fonctions d’agrégé dans les Facultés de médecine françaises . In: Revue internationale de l'enseignement, tome 42, Juillet-Décembre 1901. pp. 317-321

Neuropathologie. Grandeur et décadence du neurone

Grasset J. Neuropathologie. Grandeur et décadence du neurone. In: L'année psychologique. 1903 vol. 10. pp. 260-283

Revue d'hypnotisme

Grasset J. Revue d'hypnotisme. In: L'année psychologique. 1905 vol. 12. pp. 594-598

Hommage au professeur Grasset

Grasset Joseph. Hommage au professeur Grasset. In: Revue internationale de l'enseignement, tome 65, Janvier-Juin 1913. pp. 417-430

Le bail réel solidaire : un nouveau mécanisme d’accession à la propriété

The "solidarity real lease" is a new mechanism of home buying which separates the ownership of the land and the building. This process operates with a "solidarity real estate organization", which is a non-profit organization which aims to purchase properties and to accredit some households. This organization finalizes two kinds of leases. The "initial" solidarity real lease is concluded with an operator who builds or re-establishes a land. The "user" solidarity real lease is concluded with households under means-test conditions, who become holders of immovable real rights in the housing. These real rights can be transferred to other householders accredited by the "solidarity real estate organization" and the sale price is regulated. "Solidarity real lease" housing can be included into real estate programmes. Therefore, it is necessary to find a way to manage when those housing coexist with housing governed by the common law system. The condominium regime can be used, with some clauses for land management, as the volume division technique. This master’s thesis offers some solutions to answer different issues related to the set-up of real estate operations including housing with the "solidarity real lease".Le Bail réel solidaire (BRS) est un nouveau mécanisme d’accession à la propriété basé sur la dissociation de la propriété du bâti et du sol. Il fonctionne grâce à un Organisme de foncier solidaire (OFS), soit un organisme à but non lucratif chargé d’acquérir des biens et d’agréer des ménages. Cet organisme va pouvoir conclure deux types de baux en échange d’une redevance. Le « BRS initial » est conclu avec un opérateur chargé de construire ou de réhabiliter un terrain. Le « BRS utilisateur » est conclu avec des ménages sous conditions de ressources qui deviennent titulaires de droits réels immobiliers sur le logement. Ces droits réels sont transmissibles à d’autres ménages agréés par l’OFS et le prix de cession est encadré. Les logements en BRS peuvent être inclus dans des programmes immobiliers. Il faudra alors trouver un système de gestion lorsque ces logements coexistent avec d’autres logements « relevant du droit commun ». Le régime de la copropriété peut être utilisé, avec certaines clauses particulières en matière de gestion du sol, comme la technique de la division en volumes. Ce mémoire propose des solutions pour répondre aux différentes problématiques de montage d’opérations intégrant des logements en BRS