Bestimmung präcecaler Verdaulichkeitskoeffizienten für heimische Energiefuttermittel für die Hühnermast

Der hohe Methioninbedarf von wachsendem Geflügel kann im Moment nur über den Einsatz von Hoch-Proteinfuttermitteln aus konventionellem Anbau (<5 %) halbwegs gedeckt werden. Zur langfristigen Sicherstellung der Methinonversorgung von wachsendem Geflügel sind daher die Erkenntnisse zu den Nährstoffgehalten und deren Verdaulichkeit von möglichst vielen ökologischen Futtermitteln zu erweitern. Im Rahmen des Projektes wurden daher zunächst die Nährstoffgehalte von verschiedenen Futtermitteln aus ökologischem Anbau (11 Energiefuttermittel - Weizen, Gerste, Roggen, Tritikale, Nacktgerste, Nackthafer, Buchweizen, Dinkel Rispenhirse, Braunhirse, Mais-Ganzkorn-Silage, 1 Proteinfuttermittel - Linsenausputz und 3 Rohfaser-reiche Futtermittel - Kleegrassislage behandelt und unbehandelt, getrocknete Luzerneblätter) ermittelt. Für diese wurde die ileale Verdaulichkeit des Rohproteins und der Aminosäuren im Tierversuch bei langsam wachsenden Masthühnern in der 3. und 6. Lebenswoche bestimmt. Die analysierten Rohprotein- und Aminosäurengehalte der untersuchten Futtermittel lagen in der Regel etwas niedriger als die der konventionell angebauten. Linsenausputz hatte den höchsten Proteingehalt, gefolgt von der Kleegrassilage und den getrockneten Luzerneblättern, die auch den höchsten Rohfasergehalt aufwiesen. Die höchsten Methioningehalte lagen für Braunhirse, Rispenhirse, Kleegrassilagen und getrocknete Luzerneblätter vor (ca. 3g/kg). Die höchsten Lysingehalte wurden für die Kleegrassilagen, die Luzerneblätter und die Linsen ermittelt (ca. 10g/kg). Die Aminosäurenverdaulichkeit lag für fast alle Aminosäuren in einem ähnlichen Bereich wie für konventionell erzeugte Futtermittel. Schlechte AS-Verdaulichkeiten wiesen vor allem Dinkel und die Kleegrassilagen auf. Die ermittelten Verdaulichkeiten unterschieden sich kaum zwischen der 3. und der 6. Lebenswoche. Die Berechnung des Gehaltes an verdaulichem Methionin für die geprüften Futtermittel ergab für Braunhirse und Luzerneblätter mit etwa 3 g/kg die günstigen Werte. Der hohe Rohfasergehalt der Luzerneblätter führt allerdings auf Grund des stark erhöhten Futtervolumens zu einer zu geringeren Futteraufnahme und somit zu Minderleistungen. Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen das Potential der Grundfuttermittel bei der Methioninversorgung und helfen so die Deckung des Methioninbedarfs bei wachsenden Hühnern im Ökologischen Landbau zu optimieren

Praecaecale Rohprotein- und Aminosäurenverdaulichkeit einer Öko-Ackerbohne und einer Öko-Futtererbse bei jungen Broilern

Heimische Körnerleguminosen, wie Ackerbohnen (Vicia faba L.) und Futtererbsen (Pisum sativum L.), sind attraktive Eiweißfuttermittel im Ökologischen Landbau. Die standardisierte praecaecale Verdaulichkeit des Rohproteins und der Aminosäuren je einer tanninarmen Ackerbohnen- und Futtererbsensorte wurde in 21 Tage alten Broilern geprüft. Das Rohprotein sowie die Aminosäuren in beiden Testfuttermitteln waren hoch verdaulich

Kropf- und Muskelmageninhalt von Öko-Masthühnern und Legehennen

The objective of this study was to evaluate the variation of feed intake from pasture in organic broilers and in laying hens. In the broiler experiment, in total 288 broilers of breeds Ross 708 (fast growth; FG), Isa 657 (medium growth; MG) and Isa 757 (slow growth, SG) were kept in mixed groups. Between week 7 and 12 of life birds were slaughtered, crops and gizzards were collected and investigated for contents of feed, grit and plant particles. FG broilers had higher feed proportions in crops than MG and SG broilers. Proportions of plant particles have been higher in SG broilers than in MG and FG broilers. SG broilers had higher proportions of plant particles and grit in the gizzard. It is estimated that the proportion of plant particles amounts to 5-10 % of daily feed intake in slow growing broilers kept under organic conditions. In the laying hen experiment 60 young and 60 old laying hens were used. The crop and the gizzard content were analyzed in the morning, at noon and in the afternoon in the same way as in broilers. Proportions of plant particles varied between 6 and 12 %and between 32 and 38 % in the crop and the gizzard, respectively. It is estimated that the intake of plant particles amounts to 20-25 % of daily feed intake in laying hens

Unstructured-grid model for the North Sea and Baltic Sea: Validation against observations

A new unstructured grid model and its application to the North Sea and Baltic Sea are described. The research focus is on the dynamics in the two basins and in the multiple straits connecting them and more specifically on how the model replicates the temporal and spatial variability of physical processes. The comparison against observed data indicates the realism in the simulations of the exchange flows. The simulations demonstrated that in contrast to the tidal variability which decreases in the strait, the role of the barotropic forcing due to weather systems increases. In this zone reversal of transport is well manifested by the increased difference between the surface and bottom salinity values. Small sub basins like Arkona and Bornholm play the role of reservoirs for denser water which under specific conditions cascades on its way to the Gotland Deep. Unlike the intermediate and deep water salinity in the Baltic Sea, which is strongly affected by fluxes in the straits, the simulated winter-refill and evolution of cold intermediate water are rather driven by surface cooling and processes in the upper mixed layer. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

PUFA Losses after Cooking of Chicken Meat

To study the changes of the fatty acid (FA) profile of Long-Chain omega-3 (LCn3) enriched meat after coo¬ king under consumer conditions

Influence of vegetable oil sources on quality parameters of broiler meat

The use of different vegetable oils in animal nutrition has allowed the producer to obtain highly energetic diets at very low costs, while offering an optimum and well-appreciated product to the consumer. Nowadays, numerous efforts are taken to enrich poultry meat with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and, especially, with omega-3 fatty acids, because of the proven benefits on human health (Kinsella et al., 1990; Knapp, 1991). But, up to now there have not been done complementary studies dealing with the influence of such nutritive improvements on the different technological characteristics of poultry meat. Besides this, there also exist few experiments dealing with the influence of the enrichment with PUFA on the subjective parameters of organoleptic quality. Those experiments are usually more related to the use of fish ingredients in animal diets. The aim of the present experiment was to study the effects of different vegetable oils (rapeseed, soybean, sunflower and linseed) on the technical, nutritive and organoleptic quality of chicken meat, and on the profiles of essential fatty acids (EFA) in the cloacal fat and in the tissues

PUFA loses after cookingg of chicken meat

An experiment was conducted to assess the effect ofsupplying with fish or linseed oils on the performance, quality parameters and fatty acid (FA) composition of the meat of broiler chickens. Besides, it aimed to test the relative stability of the FA composition after cooking of the chicken meat. A diet with 4% of tallow plus 4% linseed oil (Tl ) or 4% fish oil (T2) was fed to the birds throughout the 5 wk growth period. After slaughtering of the animals, the FA profile of the raw samples was determined by means of gas chromatography, and also alter cooking in a convector oven (180"C, 35 min). Carcass yield, percentage of valuable parts, texture, juiciness and grill losses of meat were determined as objective quality parameters. Performance parameters were not significantly different among treatments, though a tendency towards a better transformation index was found in Tl fed animals (p<().09). Objective quality meat parameters were not different when compared by treatments. As expected, differences in the FA profile of the samples were found among treatments, being the Tl samples the ones which scored with higher n-3 FA levels, because of its linolenic acid content, while T2 samples showed a higher proportion in n-3 long-chain (LC) polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) in form ofeicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid. Processing of the samples had an important influence on the FA profile of the meat. PUFA content was significantly lower in cooked samples (p<0.()l), thus affecting the relative percentage of saturated FA, which rose to the highest values after cooking. Changes in monounsaturated FA were unnoticeable. Losses in n-6 FA were mainly due to the fall of linoleic acid while almost all n-3 LCPUFA experienced significant losses after cooking of the meat

The atmospheric charged kaon/pion ratio using seasonal variation methods

Observed since the 1950's, the seasonal effect on underground muons is a well studied phenomenon. The interaction height of incident cosmic rays changes as the temperature of the atmosphere changes, which affects the production height of mesons (mostly pions and kaons). The decay of these mesons produces muons that can be detected underground. The production of muons is dominated by pion decay, and previous work did not include the effect of kaons. In this work, the methods of Barrett and MACRO are extended to include the effect of kaons. These efforts give rise to a new method to measure the atmospheric K/$\pi$ ratio at energies beyond the reach of current fixed target experiments. These methods were applied to data from the MINOS far detector. A method is developed for making these measurements at other underground detectors, including OPERA, Super-K, IceCube, Baksan and the MINOS near detector.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Astropart. Phy