857 research outputs found
Conformal Curves on Surface
We have studied the iso-height lines on the surface as a
physical candidate for conformally invariant curves. We have shown that these
lines are conformally invariant with the same statistics of domain walls in the
critical Ising model. They belong to the family of conformal invariant curves
called Schramm-Loewner evolution (or ), with diffusivity of
. This can be regarded as the first experimental observation of
SLE curves. We have also argued that Ballistic Deposition (BD) can serve as a
growth model giving rise to contours with similar statistics at large scales.Comment: 4 pages, 6 figures. accepted in PR
Energy Requirement of Control: Comments on Szilard's Engine and Maxwell's Demon
In mathematical physical analyses of Szilard's engine and Maxwell's demon, a
general assumption (explicit or implicit) is that one can neglect the energy
needed for relocating the piston in Szilard's engine and for driving the trap
door in Maxwell's demon. If this basic assumption is wrong, then the
conclusions of a vast literature on the implications of the Second Law of
Thermodynamics and of Landauer's erasure theorem are incorrect too. Our
analyses of the fundamental information physical aspects of various type of
control within Szilard's engine and Maxwell's demon indicate that the entropy
production due to the necessary generation of information yield much greater
energy dissipation than the energy Szilard's engine is able to produce even if
all sources of dissipation in the rest of these demons (due to measurement,
decision, memory, etc) are neglected.Comment: New, simpler and more fundamental approach utilizing the physical
meaning of control-information and the related entropy production. Criticism
of recent experiments adde
Electron effective mass in Sn-doped monoclinic single crystal -gallium oxide determined by mid-infrared optical Hall effect
The isotropic average conduction band minimum electron effective mass in
Sn-doped monoclinic single crystal -GaO is experimentally
determined by mid-infrared optical Hall effect to be
combining investigations on () and () surface cuts. This result
falls within the broad range of values predicted by theoretical calculations
for undoped -GaO. The result is also comparable to recent
density functional calculations using the
Gaussian-attenuation-Perdue-Burke-Ernzerhof hybrid density functional, which
predict an average effective mass of (arXiv:1704.06711
[cond-mat.mtrl-sci]). Within our uncertainty limits we detect no anisotropy for
the electron effective mass, which is consistent with most previous theoretical
calculations. We discuss upper limits for possible anisotropy of the electron
effective mass parameter from our experimental uncertainty limits, and we
compare our findings with recent theoretical results
Диагностика сердечной недостаточности с сохраненной систолической функцией левого желудочка у пациентов с артериальной гипертензией
КАРДИОЛОГИЯГИПЕРТЕНЗИЯСЕРДЕЧНАЯ НЕДОСТАТОЧНОСТЬ ЗАСТОЙНАЯ /ДИАГНОСТИКАИНСТРУКЦИИ ПО ПРИМЕНЕНИ
Multiple Dimensions of Strategic Spatial Planning: Local Authorities Navigating between Rationalities in Competitive and Collaborative Settings
This article scrutinises the role of strategic and communicative rationalities in strategic spatial planning. It contributes to the theoretical discussion on strategic spatial planning, where communicative rationality has usually been taken as a normative standpoint, despite the evident role of strategic rationality in guiding planning on the ground. To develop means for equally recognising the two rationalities, the article introduces an analytical framework in which four strategic orientations are identified by juxtaposing coordination through communicative and strategic rationalities with competitive and collaborative settings of social interaction. Its applicability is illustrated with the example of strategic spatial planning in Turku (Finland)
Electrical behaviour, characteristics and properties of anodic aluminium oxide films coloured by nickel electrodeposition
Porous anodic films on 1050 aluminium substrate were coloured by AC electrodeposition of nickel. Several experiments were performed at different deposition voltages and nickel concentrations in the electrolyte in order to correlate the applied electrical power to the electrical behaviour, as well as the characteristics and properties of the coatings. The content of nickel inside the coatings reached 1.67 g/m2, depending on the experimental conditions. According to the applied AC voltage in comparison with the threshold voltage Ut, the coating either acted only as a capacitor when U\Ut and, when U[Ut, the behaviour during the anodic and cathodic parts of the power sine wave was different. In particular, due to the semi-conducting characteristics of the barrier layer, additional oxidation of the aluminium substrate occurred during the anodic part of the electrical signal, whilst metal deposition (and solvent reduction) occurred during the cathodic part; these mechanisms correspond to the blocked and pass directions of the barrier layer/electrolyte junction, respectively
Coalescence of nanoscale metal clusters: Molecular-dynamics study
We study the coalescence of nanoscale metal clusters in an inert-gas
atmosphere using constant-energy molecular dynamics. The coalescence proceeds
via atomic diffusion with the release of surface energy raising the
temperature. If the temperature exceeds the melting point of the coalesced
cluster, a molten droplet forms. If the temperature falls between the melting
point of the larger cluster and those of the smaller clusters, a metastable
molten droplet forms and freezes.Comment: 5 figure
Structure Formation, Melting, and the Optical Properties of Gold/DNA Nanocomposites: Effects of Relaxation Time
We present a model for structure formation, melting, and optical properties
of gold/DNA nanocomposites. These composites consist of a collection of gold
nanoparticles (of radius 50 nm or less) which are bound together by links made
up of DNA strands. In our structural model, the nanocomposite forms from a
series of Monte Carlo steps, each involving reaction-limited cluster-cluster
aggregation (RLCA) followed by dehybridization of the DNA links. These links
form with a probability which depends on temperature and particle
radius . The final structure depends on the number of monomers (i. e. gold
nanoparticles) , , and the relaxation time. At low temperature, the
model results in an RLCA cluster. But after a long enough relaxation time, the
nanocomposite reduces to a compact, non-fractal cluster. We calculate the
optical properties of the resulting aggregates using the Discrete Dipole
Approximation. Despite the restructuring, the melting transition (as seen in
the extinction coefficient at wavelength 520 nm) remains sharp, and the melting
temperature increases with increasing as found in our previous
percolation model. However, restructuring increases the corresponding link
fraction at melting to a value well above the percolation threshold. Our
calculated extinction cross section agrees qualitatively with experiments on
gold/DNA composites. It also shows a characteristic ``rebound effect,''
resulting from incomplete relaxation, which has also been seen in some
experiments. We discuss briefly how our results relate to a possible sol-gel
transition in these aggregates.Comment: 12 pages, 10 figure
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