503 research outputs found
Breaking the Cornucopian Paradigm:Towards Moderate Internet Use in Everyday Life
The Internet and digital devices are increasingly embedded in our everyday lives. The hidden environmental impacts of this infrastructure are substantial and quietly growing at an increasing rate. Our collective Internet use is following a âCornucopian paradigmâ, which is unsustainable. And yet, while intentionally limiting our online connectivity might be seen negatively as a retrograde step, in this paper, we offer ways in which users might welcome attempts to moderate their Internet use through improving four aspects of our digitally-mediated lives: relationships, digital wellbeing, productivity at work, and online privacy. Given these areas, we discuss how our research agenda may realistically be facilitated and what challenges we may face in moving from the reinforcement of âbusiness as usualâ trends. By investigating and developing user-centred, moderate Internet use, we can âbreakâ the Cornucopian paradigm
Message-Passing Methods for Complex Contagions
Message-passing methods provide a powerful approach for calculating the
expected size of cascades either on random networks (e.g., drawn from a
configuration-model ensemble or its generalizations) asymptotically as the
number of nodes becomes infinite or on specific finite-size networks. We
review the message-passing approach and show how to derive it for
configuration-model networks using the methods of (Dhar et al., 1997) and
(Gleeson, 2008). Using this approach, we explain for such networks how to
determine an analytical expression for a "cascade condition", which determines
whether a global cascade will occur. We extend this approach to the
message-passing methods for specific finite-size networks (Shrestha and Moore,
2014; Lokhov et al., 2015), and we derive a generalized cascade condition.
Throughout this chapter, we illustrate these ideas using the Watts threshold
model.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figure
As Teias que a Doença Tece: A Anålise das Redes Sociais no Cuidado da Doença Mental
Measuring personal networks and their relationship with scientific production
The analysis of social networks has remained a crucial and yet understudied aspect of the efforts to measure Triple Helix linkages. The Triple Helix model aims to explain, among other aspects of knowledge-based societies, Âżthe current research system in its social context. This paper develops a novel approach to study the research system from the perspective of the individual, through the analysis of the relationships among researchers, and between them and other social actors. We develop a new set of techniques and show how they can be applied to the study of a specific case (a group of academics within a university department). We analyse their informal social networks and show how a relationship exists between the characteristics of an individualÂżs network of social links and his or her research output
The Art of Research: A Divergent/Convergent Framework and Opportunities for Science-Based Approaches
Applying science to the current art of producing engineering and research knowledge has proven difficult, in large part because of its seeming complexity. We posit that the microscopic processes underlying research are not so complex, but instead are iterative and interacting cycles of divergent (generation of ideas) and convergent (testing and selecting of ideas) thinking processes. This reductionist framework coherently organizes a wide range of previously disparate microscopic mechanisms which inhibit these processes. We give examples of such inhibitory mechanisms and discuss how deeper scientific understanding of these mechanisms might lead to dis-inhibitory interventions for individuals, networks and institutional levels
The theory of the firm and its critics: a stocktaking and assessment
Includes bibliographical references."Prepared for Jean-Michel Glachant and Eric Brousseau, eds. New Institutional Economics: A Textbook, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.""This version: August 22, 2005."Since its emergence in the 1970s the modern economic or Coasian theory of the
firm has been discussed and challenged by sociologists, heterodox economists, management
scholars, and other critics. This chapter reviews and assesses these critiques, focusing on behavioral
issues (bounded rationality and motivation), process (including path dependence and the selection argument), entrepreneurship, and the challenge from knowledge-based
theories of the firm
Civil society leadership in the struggle for AIDS treatment in South Africa and Uganda
Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.This thesis is an attempt to theorise and operationalise empirically the notion of âcivil society leadershipâ in Sub-Saharan Africa. âAIDS leadership,â which is associated with the intergovernmental institutions charged with coordinating the global response to HIV/AIDS, is both under-theorised and highly context-specific. In this study I therefore opt for an inclusive framework that draws on a range of approaches, including the literature on âleadershipâ, institutions, social movements and the ânetworkâ perspective on civil society mobilisation. This framework is employed in rich and detailed empirical descriptions (âthick descriptionâ) of civil society mobilisation around AIDS, including contentious AIDS activism, in the key case studies of South Africa and Uganda. South Africa and Uganda are widely considered key examples of poor and good leadership (from national political leaders) respectively, while the Treatment Action Campaign (TAC) and The AIDS Support Organisation (TASO) are both seen as highly effective civil society movements. These descriptions emphasise âtransnational networks of influenceâ in which civil society leaders participated (and at times actively constructed) in order to mobilise both symbolic and material resources aimed at exerting influence at the transnational, national and local levels
Tapping a Foreign Subsidiarys Competence: An Empirical Test of Subsidiaries of Multinational Corporations in South Korea
This study examined the conditions under which a foreign subsidiary
becomes the competence center within the multinational corporation
(MNC)s network. We developed an integrated framework by investigating
effects of both subsidiary-level factors and headquarter (HQ)-level
factors on subsidiarys competence development. Survey data from 76
foreign subsidiaries of MNCs in South Korea largely supported our
hypotheses. We found that subsidiaries with high management
autonomy and high network embeddedness in the local market (South
Korea) tend to build superior capabilities that would be useful
throughout the entire MNC network. Concerning an MNCs management system, our results suggested that technological and managerial
knowledge transfer from HQ to subsidiaries plays important roles in
helping a subsidiary evolve into a competence center in the MNCs global
network
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