L’évaluation de la compétence dans le contexte professionnel

Toute profession est organisée autour d'un corpus global de connaissances, de savoir-faire, d'applications pratiques et de règles qui imposent qu'il y ait une formation et un entraînement particuliers des individus qui en font partie. La compétence professionnelle, définie comme la capacité d'un professionnel à utiliser son jugement, de même que les connaissances, les habiletés et les attitudes associées à sa profession pour résoudre des problèmes complexes, est un construit non observable directement. Pour l'évaluer, il faut faire des inferences à partir d'éléments observables et mesurables. Mais comment faire?Le présent article explique pourquoi on doit évaluer la compétence professionnelle et comment l'évaluer. Les auteurs décrivent l'expertise du Centre d'évaluation des sciences de la santé de l'Université Laval qui, depuis plus de dix ans, utilise l'examen clinique objectif structuré, ECOS, pour la certification des candidats à la pratique de la médecine de famille au Québec, un instrument qui a largement démontré sa validité et sa fidélité.Every profession is organized around a body of knowledge, expertise, practical applications and rules which impose a particular kind of education and training for members of that profession. The professional competency, defined as the degree to which one uses knowledge, skills and judgment in situations that arise in the course of professional practice, is a construct not directly observable. Hence, we have to draw inferences from observable and measurable elements. But how?This article explains why must professional competency be evaluated and how to evaluate. Authors describe the Centre for Evaluation in the Health Sciences expertise, which has been using for 10 years the Objective Clinical Structured Examination (OSCE) for the certification of family medicine candidates. The validityand the reliability of this toolhave been widely demonstrated

Travail avec le Continuum des thérapies expressives en art-thérapie auprès des autochtones

Cet essai propose une analyse critique sur le travail d’art-thérapie avec des individus issus des Premières Nations ayant vécu des traumatismes, dans une perspective de décolonisation de l’identité de ceux-ci et des pratiques en art-thérapie. Le but du travail est de définir les bases d’intervention en art-thérapie et de proposer le modèle théorique du Continuum des thérapies expressives (CTE) sur lequel les art-thérapeutes peuvent s’appuyer pour créer des interventions adaptées avec des individus issus des Premières Nations (Hinz, 2019 ; Whyte, 2018). Le CTE devient un outil d’analyse fondamental pour examiner les bases d’une intervention collaborative et multiculturelle. Cette approche explique comment les gens lors de l’intervention artistique et par conséquent au sein de leur vie appréhendent, organisent, traitent, intègrent et expriment l’information. Le CTE permet aussi de conceptualiser le travail clinique en catégorisant les interactions entre le client, les médias proposés, l’image produite et le processus en art-thérapie (Hinz, 2019)

Assessing fitness-to-practice of overseas-trained health practitioners by Australian registration & accreditation bodies

Assessment of fitness-to-practice of health professionals trained overseas and who wish to practice in Australia is undertaken by a range of organisations. These organisations conduct assessments using a range of methods. However there is very little published about how these organisations conduct their assessments. The purpose of the current paper is to investigate the methods of assessment used by these organisations and the issues associated with conducting these assessments

Country, Sex, EDSS Change and Therapy Choice Independently Predict Treatment Discontinuation in Multiple Sclerosis and Clinically Isolated Syndrome

We conducted a prospective study, MSBASIS, to assess factors leading to first treatment discontinuation in patients with a clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). The MSBASIS Study, conducted by MSBase Study Group members, enrols patients seen from CIS onset, reporting baseline demographics, cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores. Follow-up visits report relapses, EDSS scores, and the start and end dates of MS-specific therapies. We performed a multivariable survival analysis to determine factors within this dataset that predict first treatment discontinuation. A total of 2314 CIS patients from 44 centres were followed for a median of 2.7 years, during which time 1247 commenced immunomodulatory drug (IMD) treatment. Ninety percent initiated IMD after a diagnosis of MS was confirmed, and 10% while still in CIS status. Over 40% of these patients stopped their first IMD during the observation period. Females were more likely to cease medication than males (HR 1.36, p = 0.003). Patients treated in Australia were twice as likely to cease their first IMD than patients treated in Spain (HR 1.98, p = 0.001). Increasing EDSS was associated with higher rate of IMD cessation (HR 1.21 per EDSS unit, p<0.001), and intramuscular interferon-β-1a (HR 1.38, p = 0.028) and subcutaneous interferon-β-1a (HR 1.45, p = 0.012) had higher rates of discontinuation than glatiramer acetate, although this varied widely in different countries. Onset cerebral MRI features, age, time to treatment initiation or relapse on treatment were not associated with IMD cessation. In this multivariable survival analysis, female sex, country of residence, EDSS change and IMD choice independently predicted time to first IMD cessation