155 research outputs found
Passive acoustic metrics to understand shallow water biodiversity off Malvan area in the west coast of India
527-536Underwater soundscape monitoring is an effective method to understand the biodiversity of an ecosystem. In this context, quantitative characterization of shallow water soundscape of the Burnt Island located off Malvan area in the west coast of India (WCI) is carried out. The soundscape characterization involves analysis of the âwaveformâ, âspectrogramâ, and the âpower spectral densityâ (PSD) of the recorded passive acoustic data. Biophonies such as the fish chorus of Terapon theraps, sparse calls of Carangidae along with another unnamed fish species community is reported. Evaluation of the PSDs and corresponding peak frequencies to distinguish the wave-breaking sound and fish species are also covered. Three acoustic metrics namely acoustic entropy (H), acoustic richness (AR), and acoustic complexity index (ACI) of passive acoustic recordings are computed and analyzed to understand their role in relation to fish chorus, wave-breaking, and sparsely available fish sound
Stereodivergent Synthesis of Enantioenriched 4-Hydroxy-2- cyclopentenones
Protected 4-hydroxycyclopentenones (4-HCPs) constitute an important class of intermediates in chemical synthesis. A route to this class of compound has been developed. Key steps include Noyori reduction (which establishes the stereochemistry of the product), ring-closing metathesis, and simple functional group conversions to provide a set of substituted 4-HCPs in either enantiomeric form
Edge turbulence in ISTTOK : a multi-code fluid validation
Fluid models used to study the edge plasma region need to be benchmarked against similar conditions given that models can strongly differ in complexity and therefore the results they produce. Via this validation study undertaken through the framework of EUROfusion Enabling Research, four state-of-the art models - GBS, Hermes/BOUT++, HESEL and TOKAM3X - are compared to experimental plasma turbulence measurements on the ISTTOK tokamak. Statistical comparisons of simulation and experiment data show that fluid models used here can replicate most of the experiment in terms of and fluctuations. Furthermore, it is shown that without including more complex information (like core turbulence information and domain geometry details and magnetic topological aspects) in fluid models, the results recovered can fall short from the experimental results. Via the simulations using these codes, it is demonstrated that fluid models continue to be a good cost-effective tool in recovering many global aspects of edge plasma behaviour
Probing Chemical Space with Alkaloid-Inspired Libraries
Screening of small molecule libraries is an important aspect of probe and drug discovery science. Numerous authors have suggested that bioactive natural products are attractive starting points for such libraries, due to their structural complexity and sp3-rich character. Here, we describe the construction of a screening library based on representative members of four families of biologically active alkaloids (Stemonaceae, the structurally related cyclindricine and lepadiformine families, lupin, and Amaryllidaceae). In each case, scaffolds were based on structures of the naturally occurring compounds or a close derivative. Scaffold preparation was pursued following the development of appropriate enabling chemical methods. Diversification provided 686 new compounds suitable for screening. The libraries thus prepared had structural characteristics, including sp3 content, comparable to a basis set of representative natural products and were highly rule-of-five compliant
PI3KÎŽ and primary immunodeficiencies.
Primary immunodeficiencies are inherited disorders of the immune system, often caused by the mutation of genes required for lymphocyte development and activation. Recently, several studies have identified gain-of-function mutations in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) genes PIK3CD (which encodes p110Ύ) and PIK3R1 (which encodes p85α) that cause a combined immunodeficiency syndrome, referred to as activated PI3KΎ syndrome (APDS; also known as p110Ύ-activating mutation causing senescent T cells, lymphadenopathy and immunodeficiency (PASLI)). Paradoxically, both loss-of-function and gain-of-function mutations that affect these genes lead to immunosuppression, albeit via different mechanisms. Here, we review the roles of PI3KΎ in adaptive immunity, describe the clinical manifestations and mechanisms of disease in APDS and highlight new insights into PI3KΎ gleaned from these patients, as well as implications of these findings for clinical therapy
Review article: Use of ultrasound in the developing world
As portability and durability improve, bedside, clinician-performed ultrasound is seeing increasing use in rural, underdeveloped parts of the world. Physicians, nurses and medical officers have demonstrated the ability to perform and interpret a large variety of ultrasound exams, and a growing body of literature supports the use of point-of-care ultrasound in developing nations. We review, by region, the existing literature in support of ultrasound use in the developing world and training guidelines currently in use, and highlight indications for emergency ultrasound in the developing world. We suggest future directions for bedside ultrasound use and research to improve diagnostic capacity and patient care in the most remote areas of the globe
Mir-155 is overexpressed in systemic sclerosis fibroblasts and is required for NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated collagen synthesis during fibrosis
Nano-bio interfaces probed by advanced optical spectroscopy: From model system studies to optical biosensors
- âŠ