Induced response of soybeans to phakopsora pachyrhizi inoculation and alternativa products used in organic production system.

Alternative products for soybean Asian rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) management in organic production system were tested. Among them, calda viçosa (CV, mixture of Cu, Zn and Mg sulfates), Fish Fertil" (FF, hydrolyzed organic based on crustacean shell and marine fish, rich in chitosan), and sodium silicate (55) were selected for defense induction studies. Sovbean sown in greenhouse, at V3 development stage, was sprayed with alternative products and inoculated or not-inoculated with spores of P. pachyrhizi. Control plants were neither sprayed with products nor fungus inoculated. At O (before treatment) and 72, 96 and 120 hours after treatments, leaves were collected, extracted in MeOH, filtered, and HPLC injected for identification and quantification of compounds. In general, FF + fungus plant treated increased isoflavone concentrations and responded faster than the other treatments. Malonyl genistin, malonyl daidzin and malonyl glycitin concentrations of were approximately, four and 90 times (72h) and two (96h) times greater, respectively, compared to previous analysis, in fungus + FF treated plants. In this treatment, genistein and daidzein concentration also increased at 72h after treatment. Acethyl daidzin concentration increased in most of treatments, but was bigger in FF + fungus, 72h after treatment. Aglycones (genistein, daidzein and glycitein) concentration was lower compared to glycosides. However, FF has been exhaustively tested for management of phytopathogens in flowers and fruits, its role in soybean disease management needs additional experiments. Thus, for further elucidation P. pachyrhizi management by using FF,tests with pure chitosan is the next step of our studies

Prevenção da negligência e violência contra a criança e adolescente : para ensinar e aprender

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Effects of in situ shading on the photophysiology of Zostera marina and Cymodocea nodosa

The effects of light reduction were investigated in natural stands of the seagrasses Zostera marina and Cymodocea nodosa in Ria Formosa coastal lagoon, southern Portugal. Four shading plots and a control were set in each of two neighbouring meadows (2-3 m depth), each dominated by one species. The experiment lasted for 3 weeks, at the end of which the response of plant photosynthesis to light was determined via oxygen electrode measurements. Tissue samples were also analysed for photosynthetic pigment, soluble protein, soluble sugar and malondialdehyde contents. All plants presented a shade-adapted profile, mostly revealed by their biochemical composition. In both species the chlorophyll a/chlorophyll b ratio decreased sharply whereas the total chlorophyll/total carotenoids and the total chlorophyll/soluble protein ratios increased. Soluble protein content was reduced more noticeably in Z. marina. Soluble sugars dropped almost 40% in Z. marina leaves and roots, a more pronounced effect than the one observed in C. nodosa. Overall, Z. marina revealed to be more sensitive than C. nodosa to reductions in incident irradiance, suggesting that it will be more sensitive to human-induced disturbances that result in an increase of water turbidity

Human aquaporin-5 facilitates hydrogen peroxide permeation affecting adaption to oxidative stress and cancer cell migration

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), including H2O2, contribute to oxidative stress and may cause cancer initiation and progression. However, at low concentrations, H2O2 can regulate signaling pathways modulating cell growth, differentiation, and migration. A few mammalian aquaporins (AQPs) facilitate H2O2 diffusion across membranes and participate in tumorigenesis. AQP3 and AQP5 are strongly expressed in cancer tissues and AQP3-mediated H2O2 transport has been related to breast cancer cell migration, but studies with human AQP5 are lacking. Here, we report that, in addition to its established water permeation capacity, human AQP5 facilitates transmembrane H2O2 diffusion and modulates cell growth of AQP5-transformed yeast cells in response to oxidative stress. Mutagenesis studies revealed that residue His173 located in the selective filter is crucial for AQP5 permeability, and interactions with phosphorylated Ser183 may regulate permeation through pore blockage. Moreover, in human pancreatic cancer cells, the measured AQP5-mediated H2O2 influx rate indicates the presence of a highly efficient peroxiporin activity. Cell migration was similarly suppressed by AQP3 or AQP5 gene silencing and could be recovered by external oxidative stimuli. Altogether, these results unveiled a major role for AQP5 in dynamic fine-tuning of the intracellular H2O2 concentration, and consequently in activating signaling networks related to cell survival and cancer progression, highlighting AQP5 as a promising drug target for cancer therapies

Visceral leishmaniasis in the State of Maranhão, Brazil: evolution of an epidemic

The authors provide a brief report on the historical evolution of visceral leishmaniasis in the State of Maranhão, Brazil, evaluating possible factors for growth of the disease in the State and control measures by the Brazilian Ministry of Health to integrate health services finto the maintenance of control programs.Os autores fazem um breve relato da evolução histórica da leishmaniose visceral no Estado do Maranhão, Brasil, avaliando as possíveis causas da expansão da referida doença no Estado, assim como as medidas de controle adotadas pelo Ministério da Saúde objetivando a diminuição da incidência da mesma.Universidade Federal do Maranhão Faculdade de Medicina Departamento de PatologiaEscola Paulista de MedicinaUNIFESP, EPMSciEL

Estresse hídrico in vitro em acesos de jenipapeiro.

A Genipa americana L., conhecida como jenipapo, é uma espécie endêmica do Nordeste brasileiro, particularmente abundante no estado de Sergipe, e tem despertado interesse devido à sua diversidade de usos. Seus frutos podem ser utilizados na alimentação em forma de sucos, geleias, doces e entre outros. Na região Nordeste do Brasil, o seu cultivo ocorre em pequenos pomares, dentro de pequenas propriedades agrícolas, em fragmentos de populações naturais nas áreas de Mata Atlântica, e em matas ciliares e a forma de exploração mais predominante é por meio do extrativismo. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a resposta de dois acessos de jenipapeiro dos Cerrados (Núcleo Bandeirante e Park Way) submetidos às condições de estresse hídrico in vitro. Para isso, foram empregadas cinco concentrações de manitol (0, 100, 200, 300 e 400 mM). Os resultados obtidos revelaram uma semelhança significativa nas taxas de sobrevivência entre os genótipos avaliados. Enquanto o grupo de controle, sem a adição de manitol (0 mM), registrou a maior taxa de sobrevivência, alcançando 95%, nas concentrações mais elevadas (300 e 400 mM) houve um decréscimo, chegando a 70% para 300 mM e 65% para 400 mM. Em relação ao comprimento das brotações adventícias, o acesso NB apresentou superioridade em comparação ao acesso PK. Em relação ao enraizamento, sobrevivência, formação de calos e oxidação não foram evidenciadas diferenças significativas entre os acessos. O aumento nas concentrações de manitol conduziu a uma redução na contagem de folhas. Na concentração de 400 mM, foi registrada o menor número de folhas, sugerindo que concentrações elevadas afetam o desenvolvimento vegetativo dos acessos. No que concerne ao desenvolvimento de brotações adventícias, verificou-se um incremento desde 0 mM até 200 mM de manitol. Entretanto, a partir de 300 mM, ocorreu um declínio linear no comprimento das mesmas. Observou-se que o aumento nas concentrações de manitol resultou em uma inibição do crescimento das brotações adventícias em um ambiente de cultivo in vitro. A utilização do manitol como agente osmótico em testes in vitro é uma estratégia promissora para induzir respostas de estresse que podem ser promissoras para futuros programas de melhoramento genético. Genipa americana L., known as genipap, is an endemic species of the Brazilian Northeast, particularly abundant in the state of Sergipe, and has attracted interest due to its diversity of uses. This study aimed to investigate the response of two distinct genipap accessions from the Cerrados region (Núcleo Bandeirante and Park Way) to hydric stress conditions in a controlled in vitro environment. For this purpose, five concentrations of mannitol (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mM) were employed as osmotic agent. The results obtained revealed a significant similarity in survival rates among the evaluated genotypes. While the control group, without the addition of mannitol, recorded the highest survival rate at 95%, the higher concentrations (300 and 400 mM) showed a decrease in this index, reaching only 70% for 300 mM and 65% for 400 mM. A distinctive aspect emerged regarding the length of adventitious shoots, with the NB accession associated with greater lenght compared to the PK accession. Regarding to rooting, survival, callus formation and oxidation, no significant differences were evidenced between the accessions. The increase in mannitol concentrations led to a reduction in leaf count. At the concentration of 400 mM, the lowest number of leaves was recorded, suggesting that such concentrations induce stress levels in the explant. Concerning the development of adventitious shoots, an increment was observed from 0 mM up to 200 mM of mannitol. However, from 300 mM, there was a negative linear regression for the number of shoots. It was observed that the increase in mannitol concentrations resulted in an inhibition of adventitious shoot growth. The use of mannitol as an osmotic agent for in vitro culture proved to be a promising strategy to induce stress responses. These results contribute to a broader understanding of the physiology and stress response of genipap, offering valuable insights for potential future applications in a breeding programs. Genipa americana L., conocida como jenipapo, es una especie endémica del Noreste de Brasil, particularmente abundante en el estado de Sergipe, y ha despertado interés debido a su diversidad de usos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar la respuesta de dos accesiones distintos de jenipapo de los cerrados (Núcleo Bandeirante y Park en Way) a condiciones de estrés hídrico in vitro. Para ello, se emplearon cinco concentraciones de manitol (0, 100, 200, 300 y 400 mM) como agente osmótico. Los resultados obtenidos revelaron una similitud significativa en las tasas de supervivencia entre los accesiones evaluados. Mientras que el grupo de control, sin la adición de manitol, registró la mayor tasa de supervivencia, alcanzando el 95%, las concentraciones más altas mostraron una disminución en este índice, llegando solo al 70% para 300 mM y al 65% para 400 mM. Surgió un aspecto distintivo en cuanto a la longitud de los brotes adventicios, siendo el acceso NB asociado con una mayor extensión en comparación con el acceso PK. En cuanto a parámetros como el enraizamiento, la supervivencia, la formación de callos y la oxidación, no se evidenciaron diferencias significativas entre los accesos. Es importante destacar que el aumento en las oncentraciones de manitol condujo a una reducción en el numero de hojas. En la concentración de 400 mM, se registró lo menor numero de hojas, lo que sugiere que dichas concentraciones inducen niveles de estrés en el explante. En lo que respecta al desarrollo de brotes adventicios, se observó un incremento desde 0 mM hasta 200 mM de manitol. Sin embargo, a partir de 300 mM, hubo un declive en el número de estos brotes, acompañado de un patrón lineal negativo. Se observó que el aumento en las concentraciones de manitol resultó en una inhibición del crecimiento de los brotes adventicios. El uso de manitol como agente osmótico en el cultivo in vitro demostró ser una estrategia prometedora para inducir respuestas de estrés hidrico. Estos resultados contribuyen a una comprensión más amplia de la fisiología y la respuesta al estrés del jenipapo, brindando información valiosa para posibles aplicaciones futuras en en programas de mejoramiento genético

Applications of fractional calculus in electrical and computer engineering

Fractional Calculus (FC) goes back to the beginning of the theory of differential calculus. Nevertheless, the application of FC just emerged in the last two decades, due to the progress in the area of chaos that revealed subtle relationships with the FC concepts. In the field of dynamical systems theory some work has been carried out but the proposed models and algorithms are still in a preliminary stage of establishment. Having these ideas in mind, the paper discusses a FC perspective in the study of the dynamics and control of several systems. This article illustrates several applications of fractional calculus in science and engineering. It has been recognized the advantageous use of this mathematical tool in the modeling and control of many dynamical systems. In this perspective, this paper investigates the use of FC in the fields of controller tuning, electrical systems, digital circuit synthesis, evolutionary computing, redundant robots, legged robots, robotic manipulators, nonlinear friction and financial modeling.N/

Fractional order dynamical systems and its applications

This article illustrates several applications of fractional calculus (FC) in science and engineering. It has been recognized the advantageous use of this mathematical tool in the modeling and control of many dynamical systems. In this perspective, this paper investigates the use of FC in the following fields: Controller tuning; Electrical systems; Traffic systems; Digital circuit synthesis; Evolutionary computing; Redundant robots; Legged robots; Robotic manipulators; Nonlinear friction; Financial modeling.N/

Telephone follow-up of patients after radical prostatectomy : a systematic review

Objective: to assess and summarize the best scientific evidence from randomized controlled clinical trials about telephone follow-up of patients after radical prostatectomy, based on information about how the phone calls are made and the clinical and psychological effects for the individuals who received this intervention. Method: the search was undertaken in the electronic databases Medline, Web of Science, Embase, Cinahl, Lilacs and Cochrane. Among the 368 references found, five were selected. Results: two studies tested interventions focused on psychological support and three tested interventions focused on the physical effects of treatment. The psychoeducative intervention to manage the uncertainty about the disease and the treatment revealed statistically significant evidences and reduced the level of uncertainty and anguish it causes. Conclusion: the beneficial effects of telephone follow-up could be determined, as a useful tool for the monitoring of post-prostatectomy patients.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)