134 research outputs found
Type inference for conversation types
Trabalho apresentado no âmbito do Mestrado em Engenharia Informática, como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia InformáticaThis dissertation tackles the problem of type inference for conversation types by devising and implementing a type inference algorithm. This is an interesting issue to address if we take into account that service-oriented applications can have very rich and complex protocols of services’usage, thus requiring the programmer to annotate every service invocation with a type corresponding to his role in a protocol, which would make the development of such applications quite unpractical. Therefore, freeing the programmer from that task, by having inference of types that describe such protocols, is quite desirable not only because it is cumbersome and tedious to do such annotations but also because it reduces the occurrences of errors when developing
real complex systems.
While there is several work done related to session types and type inference in the context of binary sessions, work regarding multiparty conversations is still lacking even though there are some proposals related to multi-session conversations(i.e. interactions happen through shared channels that are distributed at service invocation time to all participants).
Our approach is based on Conversation Calculus, a process calculus that models services’primitives based on conversations access point where all the interactions of a conversation take place. In order to test our type inference algorithm we designed and implemented a prototype of a proof of-concept distributed programming language based on Conversation Calculus.
Finally, we show that our type inference algorithm is sound, complete, decidable and that it always returns a principal typing
A type system for value-dependent information flow analysis
Information systems are widespread and used by anyone with computing devices as
well as corporations and governments. It is often the case that security leaks are introduced during the development of an application. Reasons for these security bugs are multiple but among them one can easily identify that it is very hard to define and enforce relevant security policies in modern software. This is because modern applications often rely on container sharing and multi-tenancy where, for instance, data can be stored in the same physical space but is logically mapped into different security compartments or data structures. In turn, these security compartments, to which data is classified into in security policies, can also be dynamic and depend on runtime data.
In this thesis we introduce and develop the novel notion of dependent information flow
types, and focus on the problem of ensuring data confidentiality in data-centric software.
Dependent information flow types fit within the standard framework of dependent type
theory, but, unlike usual dependent types, crucially allow the security level of a type,
rather than just the structural data type itself, to depend on runtime values.
Our dependent function and dependent sum information flow types provide a direct,
natural and elegant way to express and enforce fine grained security policies on programs.
Namely programs that manipulate structured data types in which the security level of a
structure field may depend on values dynamically stored in other fields
The main contribution of this work is an efficient analysis that allows programmers
to verify, during the development phase, whether programs have information leaks,
that is, it verifies whether programs protect the confidentiality of the information they
manipulate. As such, we also implemented a prototype typechecker that can be found at http://ctp.di.fct.unl.pt/DIFTprototype/
Dissecting the function of the SpoIIIJ and YqjG membrane protein insertases during bacterial spore development
Dissertation presented to obtain the Ph.D degree in Biology, Microbial BiologySpoIIIJ and YqjG are the two members of the evolutionarily conserved
YidC/Oxa1/Alb3 family of membrane protein insertases present in the
Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis. Whilst either is capable of
supporting viability, only SpoIIIJ is functional during sporulation, a
carefully regulated developmental process that culminates in the
formation of a dormant and highly resistant structure, the endospore. This
partial functional overlap contrasts with the general picture of the family,
for which trans-domain complementation is well documented.(...
Management of Urban Air Mobility for Sustainable and Smart Cities: The Case of a Vertiport Network in Lisbon, Portugal, Using a User-Centred Approach
This Dissertation focuses on urban mobility three-dimensional (3D). Whilst prioritizing
the development of sustainable mobility and smart cities, this study aims to provide
conditions and practical tools to promote change in people's lives for the better and
reverse global climate change.
Currently, the transportation sector accounts for roughly 16 per cent of all annual
greenhouse gases emissions in the world. In particular, the increase in urban road traffic
has intensified pollution and noise in cities, deteriorating the quality of life of the citizens
who inhabit them. Obviously, it is necessary to promote an innovative and rapid change in
urban mobility. In this sense, airspace could ease this increase in urban movements by
complementing traditional and emerging land transport systems. Innovation in urban
mobility could occur by integrating urban air mobility (UAM) in every city in the world.
Yet, UAM reveals a gap regarding the involvement of this technology with people, which
interestingly represents the key to long-term success. In this way, by developing a
consistent, people-centred UAM, we would spur world progress by changing the way we
all travel in cities. At the same time, we would be one step closer to driving a third global
mobility revolution and a new world of accessibility.
However, the best opportunities for innovation are not only in creating new technologies
that enable UAM but also in the ecosystem they together produce: vertiport networks. So,
this study proposes to embed vertiport networks in cities using a user-centric design. As
there is a lack of this type of research in Portugal, this Dissertation uses a conceptual
approach to analyze the logistics and feasibility of integrating vertiport networks in cities
by implementing a living lab in the capital of this country, Lisbon. This approach
incorporates a user-centric design based on the ongoing engagement of Portuguese
citizens in the decision-making process alongside a parallel interaction with five different
stakeholders (specifically, ANA Airports of Portugal, NAV Portugal, ANAC Portugal, the
Lisbon City Council, and the Government of Portugal). As a result, a three-step roadmap is
proposed to implement a vertiport network in the Portuguese capital. This proposal has
the virtue of supporting future advanced discussions to bring UAM to Portugal and
humanizing UAM's technology in order to narrow the existent gap between the scientific
community, public authorities, professional actors (i.e., the industry) and consumers (i.e.,
people). Lastly, to drive positive and meaningful global change in urban mobility through UAM, we
must inspire people by considering their needs and concerns and then call them to act
now. Because, in the end, both sustainable urban mobility and smart cities start foremost
with the daily habits of each of us.Esta Dissertação foca-se na mobilidade urbana tridimensional (3D). Enquanto prioriza o
desenvolvimento da mobilidade sustentável e cidades inteligentes, este estudo pretende
fornecer condições e ferramentas práticas de modo a promover a mudança na vida das
pessoas para melhor e reverter as alterações climáticas mundiais.
Atualmente, o sector do transporte é responsável por cerca de 16 por cento de todas as
emissões anuais de gases de efeito estufa no mundo. Particularmente, o aumento do
tráfego rodoviário urbano tem intensificado a poluição e o ruído nas cidades, deteriorando
a qualidade de vida dos cidadãos que as habitam. Obviamente, é necessário promover uma
mudança inovadora e rápida na mobilidade urbana. Neste sentido, o espaço aéreo poderia
aliviar este aumento de movimentos urbanísticos ao complementar os sistemas
tradicionais e emergentes de transporte terrestres. Inovação na mobilidade urbana
poderia ocorrer ao integrar-se a mobilidade aérea urbana (UAM) em todas as cidades do
mundo. Contudo, a UAM revela uma lacuna relativamente ao envolvimento desta
tecnologia com as pessoas, o que curiosamente representa a chave para o sucesso a longo
prazo. Deste modo, ao desenvolver uma UAM consistente e centrada nas pessoas,
estimularíamos o progresso mundial ao mudar a forma como todos nós viajamos nas
cidades. Ao mesmo tempo, estaríamos um passo mais perto de impulsionar uma terceira
revolução da mobilidade global e um novo mundo de acessibilidade.
No entanto, as melhores oportunidades de inovação não estão só na criação de novas
tecnologias que possibilitem a UAM, mas também no ecossistema que estas produzem
juntas: as redes de vertiports. Assim, este estudo propõe incorporar redes de vertiports
nas cidades usando um design centrado no utilizador. Sendo que existe falta deste tipo de
investigação em Portugal, nesta Dissertação recorre-se a uma abordagem conceptual para
analisar a logística e viabilidade da integração de redes de vertiports em cidades através
da implementação de um living lab na capital deste país, Lisboa. Esta abordagem
incorpora um design centrado no utilizador baseado no envolvimento contínuo dos
cidadãos portugueses no processo de tomada de decisão a par de uma interacção paralela
com cinco diferentes stakeholders (especificamente, a ANA Aeroportos de Portugal, a
NAV Portugal, a ANAC Portugal, a Câmara Municipal de Lisboa e o Governo de Portugal).
Como resultado, são propostas diretrizes de três etapas para a implementação de uma
rede de vertiports na capital portuguesa. Esta proposta tem a virtude de apoiar futuras
discussões avançadas para trazer a UAM para Portugal e de humanizar a tecnologia da
UAM com o objetivo de reduzir a lacuna existente entre a comunidade científica, autoridades públicas, atores profissionais (ou seja, a indústria) e consumidores (ou seja, as
pessoas).
Por último, para impulsionar uma mudança global positiva e significativa na mobilidade
urbana através da UAM, devemo-nos inspirar nas pessoas ao considerar as suas
necessidades e preocupações e, de seguida, chamá-las para agir. Porque, no final das
contas, tanto a mobilidade urbana sustentável como as cidades inteligentes começam
principalmente com os hábitos diários de cada um de nós
Chestnut blight in the Minho region. Population structure and genetic variability of Cryphonectria parasitica
O cancro do castanheiro (Cryphonectria parasitica) é considerado um dos principais fatores de mortalidade de Castanea sativa. Introduzido em Portugal e com desenvolvimento epidémico conhecido a partir da década de 90, manifestou elevada agressividade e uma dispersão muito rápida, tendo, atualmente, distribuição generalizada nas regiões de produção de castanheiro. Os meios de luta químicos, culturais e físicos não são eficazes no combate do cancro do castanheiro e apenas a luta biológica por Hipovirulência tem mostrado ser eficaz na Europa. A disseminação dos hipovírus está diretamente relacionada com os grupos de compatibilidade vegetativa (VCType), pelo que existe a necessidade de estudar a estrutura populacional de C. parasitica e identificar os VCType presentes em cada souto. Avaliou-se a incidência e severidade do cancro do castanheiro em três soutos da região do Minho, tendo-se obtido isolados de C. parasitica que foram posteriormente caracterizados quanto ao VCtype e avaliada a variabilidade genética das diferentes subpopulações através de box-PCR. Os isolados obtidos nos três soutos pertencem a cinco VCtype diferentes sendo o mais representativo o EU-11 (62% dos isolados), seguindo-se o EU-2 (20%), EU-1 e EU- 66 (5,5%) e EU-12 (7%). Os padrões de bandas obtidos por box-PCR não parecem refletir a virulência, origem geográfica ou VCtype dos isolados.Cryphonectria parasitica, the causal agent of chestnut blight, was considered one of the main factors of mortality of
Castanea sativa. Introduced in Portugal in the 1990s, and with epidemic development, the disease has manifested high
aggressiveness and a rapid dispersion. Currently it has a widespread distribution in the chestnut production regions.
Chemical, physical and cultural control means are not effective to control Chestnut Blight and only biological control
by hypovirulence has shown to be effective in Europe.
The spread of the hypovirus is directly linked to the vegetative compatibility types (VCType) of the fungal populations,
so there is a need to study the population structure of C. parasitica and identify the VCTypes present in each subpopulation.
The incidence of Chestnut Blight was assessed in three chestnut groves in the Minho region, and the C. parasitica
isolates obtained were further characterized. Each isolate was allocated to a VCType by matching with reference isolates,
and the genetic variability of selected isolates was evaluated by BOX-PCR. The isolates obtained were functionally
diverse comprising over five VCType, with EU-11 (62%), followed by EU-2 (20%), EU-1 e EU- 66 (5, 5%) and EU-12 (7%).
Banding patterns obtained by box-PCR fingerprinting did not reflect geographical origin or the VCType of the isolate
Management of urban air mobility for sustainable and smart cities: Vertiport networks using a user-centred design
Purpose: Urban mobility is all about people as well as the climate change issue is a human issue. Thus, this research envisions to provide conditions and practical tools through the innovation in urban mobility by bringing urban air mobility (UAM) to cities worldwide, contributing to change lives for the better and reversing the global issue of climate change. Design/methodology: This study goes through two phases: social feasibility and technical feasibility. Moreover, it incorporates a user-centred design based on the systematic engagement of people in the decision-making process alongside a parallel interaction with several stakeholders. An innovative roadmap based on real data and feedback Findings: By tackling people and stakeholders’ concerns related to vertiport networks implementation (e.g., safety, security, environmental, travel costs, and noise pollution concerns), the people’s needs (e.g., time savings, contribution to less air pollution, enjoyment, and sending and purchasing merchandise) and stakeholders' needs (e.g., adaptation related to airspace and ground integration and capacity, enabling technology, and real-time update and share of data) might be addressed, as by-products. Plus, we could minimize concerns by maximizing opportunities, like optimizing the airspace architecture and enhancing current airspace operations, a chance for businesses to develop on-demand, innovative, and green technologies, and higher employment opportunities. Finally, we have discovered that driving positive global change requires inspiring others by addressing people’s needs and concerns and, by then, calling them to action. Originality/value: UAM’s market reveals a gap in engaging this technology with the people, which is the key enabler to success in the long run. Empathic communication is, therefore, an integral tool to bring urban air mobility to our lives and our world. So, this investigation thrives on humanizing technology to narrow the gap between the science community, public authorities, the industry, and consumers.Peer Reviewe
Growth performance, biochemical composition and sedimentation velocity of Tetraselmis sp. CTP4 under different salinities using low-cost lab- and pilot-scale systems
Biomass harvesting is one of the most expensive steps of the whole microalgal production pipeline. Therefore, the present work aimed to understand the effect of salinity on the growth performance, biochemical composition and sedimentation velocity of Tetraselmis sp. CTP4, in order to establish an effective low-cost pilot-scale harvesting system for this strain. At lab scale, similar growth performance was obtained in cultures grown at salinities of 5, 10 and 20 g L-1 NaCl. In addition, identical settling velocities (2.4-3.6 cm h-1) were observed on all salinities under study, regardless of the growth stage. However, higher salinities (20 g L-1) promoted a significant increase in lipid contents in this strain compared to when this microalga was cultivated at 5 or 10 g L-1 NaCl. At pilot-scale, cultures were cultivated semi-continuously in 2.5-m3 tubular photobioreactors, fed every four days, and stored in a 1-m3 harvesting tank. Upon a 24-hour settling step, natural sedimentation of the microalgal cells resulted in the removal of 93% of the culture medium in the form of a clear liquid containing only vestigial amounts of biomass (0.07 ± 0.02 g L-1 dry weight; DW). The remaining culture was recovered as a highly concentrated culture (19.53 ± 4.83 g L-1 DW) and wet microalgal paste (272.7 ± 18.5 g L-1 DW). Overall, this method provided an effective recovery of 97% of the total biomass, decreasing significantly the harvesting costs.Agência financiadora
Portuguese national budget P2020
Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) CMAR/Multi/04326/2013
ALGARED+ 1398 EP - INTERREG V-A Espana Portugal project
ALGACO2 project 023310
COST Action 1408 - European Network for Bio-products
FCT SFRH/BD/105541/2014info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Actividade física em geriatria : elementos funcionais no idoso
Trabalho final do 6º ano médico com vista à atribuição do grau de mestre no âmbito do ciclo de estudos de mestrado em Medicina apres. à Faculdade de Medicina de Coimbra.Introduction: Functional assessment is central to the geriatric assessment. With aging there is an increased vulnerability to diseases and disabilities, depriving the elderly from a healthy and independent life, conditioning their quality of life. It is essential to reduce and delay the disability caused by aging. Therefore, exercise can play an important role.
Objective: This review article aims to clarify the functional elements that will provide the functional capacity of the elderly, to gather conditions for the individual to perform the daily life tasks satisfactorily. The main functional fitness components will be: the cardio-respiratory condition, mobility (muscular strength, motion range, flexibility, coordination and balance), and sensory and cognitive condition. It is also the aim of this study, to review the benefits that physical activity can bring, to counteract the effects of aging. Moreover, it is known that assessment of the functional dependence level is also important to develop physical activity programs for the elderly, so that they can be more targeted to their real needs, increasing the effectiveness of the program and reducing risks. It will also be the aim of this study, the systemizing of the various instruments of risk detection for physical activity in the elderly.
Methodology: Some research was carried out in three databases (Pubmed, Cochrane and LILACS), in order to identify the functional elements that predict functional capacity of the elderly, and the various risk detection instruments to the practicing of physical activity. Some articles between the period of 1980 and 2009 were included, both in Portuguese and English.
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Discussion / Conclusions: With aging, all functional capacity components decline. The aerobic capacities (VO2max), mobility, sensory and cognitive status have a strong connection with the elderly’s daily tasks, quality of life and well-being. On the other hand there are some associations with the increased risk of falling, injury, morbidity, mortality and dependence. Regular and adequate exercise will fight back the aging effects, both on physical or psychological levels, by minimizing the loss of functional capacity and contributing to the prevention of autonomy and independence loss, which is the major cause of quality life degradation in old people.Introdução: A dimensão do estado funcional é central para a avaliação geriátrica. Com o envelhecimento há maior vulnerabilidade a doenças e incapacidades ficando o idoso privado de uma vida saudável e autónoma, o que condiciona a sua qualidade de vida. Reduzir e adiar a incapacidade causada pelo envelhecimento é uma medida essencial e o exercício físico poderá desempenhar um importante papel nesse sentido.
Objectivo: Este estudo de revisão tem como objectivo esclarecer os elementos funcionais que vão prever a capacidade funcional do idoso, por reunirem condições para que o indivíduo consiga realizar as tarefas do dia-a-dia de modo satisfatório. Os componentes de aptidão funcional destacados serão a condição cardio-respiratória, a mobilidade (força muscular, amplitude articular, flexibilidade; coordenação e equilíbrio), a condição sensorial e a condição cognitiva. Será também objectivo do presente estudo rever os benefícios que a actividade física poderá trazer para contrariar os efeitos do envelhecimento. Por outro lado, sabe-se que avaliação do nível de dependência funcional é também importante para elaborar programas de actividade física para o idoso, para que seja mais direccionada às suas reais necessidades, aumentando a efectividade do programa e reduzindo os riscos. Assim também se pretende sistematizar os vários instrumentos métricos de detecção de risco da actividade física no idoso.
Metodologia: Foi realizada uma pesquisa em três bases de dados (Pubmed, Cochrane e Lilacs) de forma a identificar os elementos funcionais que predizem a capacidade funcional do idoso, e os vários instrumentos métricos de detecção de risco
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de actividade física. Foram incluídos artigos do período entre 1980 a 2009, em Português e Inglês.
Discussão/Conclusões: Com o envelhecimento há um declínio de todos os componentes de capacidade funcional. A capacidade aeróbia (VO2máx), a mobilidade, a condição sensorial e cognitiva têm uma forte relação com a realização de tarefas diárias, com a qualidade de vida e com o bem-estar do idoso. Estão por outro lado associados a maior risco de queda, lesão, morbilidades, dependência e mortalidade. A actividade física regular e adequada à capacidade do idoso contraria o efeito do envelhecimento, quer a nível físico quer a nível psíquico, minorando a perda de capacidade funcional e contribuindo para a prevenção da perda de autonomia e independência, uma das principais causas de degradação da qualidade de vida do idoso
As levadas da Ilha da Madeira. Património sociocultural e linguístico (contributo para o processo de candidatura a Património Mundial da UNESCO)
O presente relatório de estágio do Mestrado em Linguística: Sociedades e Culturas
é o resultado do trabalho realizado durante mais de 640 horas, na Secretaria Regional de
Ambiente, Recursos Naturais e Alterações Climáticas (SRAAC), tendo como objetivo
contribuir para o processo de candidatura das Levadas da Madeira à classificação de
Património Cultural da Humanidade pela UNESCO. Deste modo, o trabalho consistiu
numa extensa revisão da literatura sobre o estado da arte ou conhecimento sobre as
levadas, na pesquisa e consulta de documentação sobre os critérios a satisfazer para a
classificação de um bem cultural como património mundial, seguindo-se a pesquisa e
consulta de documentação dispersa e variada sobre canais de irrigação similares
existentes nos outros arquipélagos da Macaronésia (Açores, Canárias e Cabo Verde), no
norte de Portugal, na Suíça (les bisses du Valais) e em Omã (os sistemas de irrigação
aflaj, já classificados pela UNESCO). Este estudo resultou na sistematização da
informação, de forma sintética e estruturada, sobre os seus aspetos fundamentais, como
contributo para o desenvolvimento do estudo comparativo a apresentar na candidatura
das levadas da Madeira a Património da Humanidade, com vista a determinar a sua
especificidade e autenticidade enquanto património cultural, em relação às estruturas
hidráulicas dos outros territórios.
Compreende também o trabalho de investigação efetuado para o levantamento de
vocabulário, termos e expressões, em documentação escrita, digital e audiovisual,
resultando na construção do glossário temático associado às levadas da ilha da Madeira.
A partir deste, foi elaborado um questionário onomasiológico (partindo dos conceitos
para recolher os termos), aplicado a levadeiros, de modo a obter a documentação oral
incluída no glossário, complementando os outros tipos de documentação e enriquecendo o com novos conceitos, termos e expressões, assim como com variantes sinonímicas e de
significado (polissemia). No glossário, destaca-se ainda a documentação lexicográfica
consultada e sistematizada, que permitiu conhecer a origem etimológica das palavras,
através da consulta do Dicionário Houaiss da Língua Portuguesa, e confirmar alguns
significados dos termos atestados (quando se encontram dicionarizados) no Dicionário
da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea da Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, mas
principalmente em vocabulários madeirenses.
Os resultados obtidos na parte do estudo comparativo das levadas, nos diferentes
territórios pesquisados, revelam a existência de similaridades entre alguns desses sistemas de irrigação, porém as levadas da ilha da Madeira destacam-se pela sua
multifuncionalidade atual, densidade e complexidade, que constitui um património
cultural material único da região. Este é indissociável do património cultural imaterial,
sociocultural e linguístico madeirense, ou seja, dos termos e expressões associados às
levadas da Madeira, registados no glossário, incluindo variantes fonéticas,
morfossintáticas e geográficas das palavras, assim como a indicação da ocorrência de
sinonímia e de polissemia. A grande quantidade e diversidade dos vocábulos
sistematizados, sobretudo palavras compostas e derivadas, mas também palavras simples
e expressões, mostram bem as especificidades das múltiplas funções das levadas da
Madeira e o seu valor único excecional.This internship report of the Master in Linguistics: Societies and Cultures is the
result of the work carried out for more than 640 hours, at the Regional Secretariat for the
Environment, Natural Resources and Climate Change (SRAAC), with the objective of
contributing to the application process from levadas of Madeira to the classification of
Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO. In this way, the work consisted of an
extensive review of the literature on the state of the art or knowledge about the levadas,
in the search and consultation of documentation on the criteria to be met for the
classification of a cultural asset as a world heritage, followed by research and consultation
of dispersed and varied documentation on similar irrigation channels existing in
Macaronesia (Azores, Canaries and Cape Verde), in the north of Portugal, in Switzerland
(“les bisses du Valais”) and in Oman (the “aflaj” irrigation systems, already classified by
UNESCO). This study resulted in the systematization of information, in a synthetic and
structured way, about its fundamental aspects, as a contribution to the development of the
comparative study to be presented in the candidacy of the levadas of Madeira as a World
Heritage Site, to determine its specificity and authenticity as heritage and cultural
landscape, in relation to the hydraulic structures of other territories.
It also includes the research work carried out to survey vocabulary, terms and
expressions, in written, digital and audiovisual documentation, resulting in the
construction of the thematic glossary associated with the levadas on the island of Madeira.
From this, an onomasiological questionnaire (starting from the concepts to collect the
terms) was elaborated, applied to levadeiros, to obtain the oral documentation included
in the glossary, complementing the other types of documentation, and enriching it with
new ones: concepts, terms, and expressions, as well as synonymic and meaningful
variants (polysemy). In the glossary, the consulted and systematized lexicographic
documentation also stands out, allowing to know the etymological origin of the words,
through the consultation of the Houaiss Dictionary of the Portuguese Language, and to
confirm some meanings of the attested terms (when they are dictionaried) in the
Contemporary Portuguese Language Dictionary of the Lisbon Science Academy but
mainly in Madeiran vocabularies.
The results obtained in the part of the comparative study of the levadas, in the
different territories surveyed, reveal the existence of similarities between some of these
irrigation systems, but the levadas of Madeira stand out for their current multifunctionality, density and complexity, which constitutes a unique cultural heritage
of the region. This is inseparable from the intangible cultural and linguistic heritage of
Madeira, that is, the terms and expressions associated with the levadas on the island of
Madeira, recorded in the glossary, including phonetic, morphosyntactic and geographic
variants of the words, as well as the indication of the occurrence of synonymy and
polysemy. The large quantity and diversity of the systematized words in the glossary,
especially compound terms and derivatives but also simple terms and expressions, show
the specificities of the multiple functions of the levadas of Madeira and their unique
exceptional value
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