Modélisation du processus d’exécution des traductions

L’auteur propose un modèle de l’exécution des prestations de traductions organisé en étapes, phases, et opérations, selon une architecture de prérequis organisant un parcours en « chemin critique » garant de la qualité. Il différencie traduction, prestation de traduction et prestation de traducteur pour intégrer la diversité des opérateurs concernés et la multiplicité des matériaux et environnements de traduction. L’objectif est de poser les cadres d’une traductologie « productive-instrumentale ».An attempt to build a model of translation service provision as a sequence of steps, phases, and operations organized as an architecture of prerequisites making up the ‘critical path’ that warrants quality. Translation proper is integrated into the wider scope of translation service provision which, in turn, is a component of the overall activity of the translator so that the wide variety of operators, materials, and translation environments is taken into account. The aim is to set up elements towards a ‘productive-instrumental’ perspective in translation studies

Modèle unifié d’exécution de prestations de traduction/traducteur avec applications à la pratique professionnelle et à la formation des traducteurs

Présentation d’un modèle générique d’exécution de la prestation du traducteur [traducteurlocaliseur-sous-titreur-adaptateur] en fonction du cycle de vie du matériau traité [texte, graphisme, vidéo, site Web, etc.] L’architecture, modulaire, combine des opérations en modules, des modules en blocs de modules, des blocs de modules en activités et des activités en éléments de prestation. Le modèle propose une analyse en chemin critique des interventions croisées des diverses ‘fonctions’ mobilisées dans, et par, l’exécution de la prestation. L’extraction d’opérations unitaires (atomiques) permet de repérer l’apport de chaque variable et l’effet de chaque variation en échappant aux interférences externes aux opérations elles-mêmes.L’article propose de nouvelles orientations de recherche en fonction des apports du modèle. Il indique en quoi le modèle peut servir à l’optimisation de la prestation du traducteur. Il propose une application du modèle à l’organisation de la formation des traducteurs.This article purports to provide a ‘universal’ model of the conditions and workings of translation service provision, taking into account the variety of types of materials and types of functions that are, or may be, involved. The model is built from ‘operations’ that combine to build up modules and module sets which, in turn, make up thet activities that are organised into elements further sequenced into the overall service provision. It offers a critical path analysis of the translation cycle, with due consideration to the various operators and functions that do influence the processes or interact in the course of the processings. Working with recombinant unitary operations makes it possible to pinpoint the influence of each and every variable and to clearly see the effects of variation without inteference from influences outside the operations themselves.The article mentions new ways for research and study along those lines, explains how the model may be put to advantage to optimise the translator’s work process, and describes how it may impact the training of translators positively

Mesure de la capacité de travail anaérobie au moyen d'un dynamomètre isocinétique

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Ethics and social responsibility in practice: interpreters and translators engaging with and beyond the professions

Interpreting and translation are unregulated activities in most countries, yet interpreters and translators perform challenging work in sensitive domains, such as the law, medicine and social work. Other professionals working in these sectors must complete formal ethics training to qualify, then subscribe to Codes of Practice or Ethics. When they face ethical challenges in their work, they can access ongoing support. They must undertake regular refresher training in ethics. Interpreters and translators rarely have access to this sort of ethical infrastructure. This places the onus on interpreters and translators to reflect on ethical aspects of their practice, for reasons related to both professional performance and social responsibility. This contribution presents original UK-based research with one type of professional ‘clients’ who rely on interpreters and translators, social workers and social work students prior to their first work experience placement. Findings suggest that insufficient attention has been paid to such professional clients and that ethical aspects of professional communication can be compromised as a result. By framing ethics training and ongoing support in terms of social responsibility, we point to some ways in which the different professional groups might communicate and work more effectively with one another and with service users

Diffraction techniques and vibrational spectroscopy opportunities to characterise bones

From a histological point of view, bones that allow body mobility and protection of internal organs consist not only of different organic and inorganic tissues but include vascular and nervous elements as well. Moreover, due to its ability to host different ions and cations, its mineral part represents an important reservoir, playing a key role in the metabolic activity of the organism. From a structural point of view, bones can be considered as a composite material displaying a hierarchical structure at different scales. At the nanometre scale, an organic part, i.e. collagen fibrils and an inorganic part, i.e. calcium phosphate nanocrystals are intimately mixed to assure particular mechanical properties

Influences of a yoga intervention on the postural skills of the Italian short track speed skating team

Introduction: In preparation for a short track speed skating season, eight men and seven women were given yoga sessions during an 8-week high volume training cycle. The sessions were planned according to the postural aspects specific to short track speed skating technical requirements. Three specific goals were selected for the intervention: 1) to observe whether the practice of yoga as postural training could improve the efficiency and the athlete's repertoire along the muscular synergies solicited in the short track speed skating specific technique 2) to enhance and diversify the motor time-on-task of athletes without changing the prescription of other training stimulus and 3) to lower the risk of injury during periods with high volumes of training. Methods: A total of 36 sessions of yoga were given. Three postural tests were administered before and after the intervention with 14 angles analyzed. Non-parametric Wilcoxon test was used to compare angles' variations. Results: The 36 yoga sessions totalized 986 minutes of motor time-on-task, registering a proportion of 30% of the global motor time-on-task of the training cycle. Improvements were found in eleven of the 14 angles measured when comparing pre- and post-postural tests (P-value from 0.01 to 0.005). During the 8 weeks, excepting traumatic injuries due to short track speed skating accidents, no skaters suffered injuries linked to the high volume of training. Following the intervention, coaches noticed, following their on-ice feedbacks, an adjustment in the efficiency of the skating technique, in particular regarding hip dissociation. Conclusion: These results suggest that yoga could be inserted into out-of-season training cycles, even in a high volume training cycle. Planned with the decision training tools, it allows athletes to diversify their motor time-on-task by integrating a new functional range of generic movements with the solicitation of neuromuscular synergies related to the specificity of their sport. Keywords: conditioning, motor time-on-task, physical literacy, athletic development, decision trainin