Implementación de un laboratorio de microscopía confocal de materiales

La microscopía confocal es una técnica basada en la observación de un único plano focal, con un aporte mínimo de señal por el resto de los planos iluminados. Nació a medidados del siglo XX, pero hasta muy recientemente no ha encontrado su lugar como técnica de observación y medición en otros campos, distintos de los que le venían siendo habituales (biomédicos). En 2013 se adquiere e implementa un sistema de microscopía confocal, formado por dos equipos de Leica (DCM 3D y TCS-SP8) en el Centro Tecnológico de Repsol, el cual no sólo permitirá observar y medir con precisión observables a los que antes era difícil acceder, sino que permitirá realizar nuevas tareas y descargar de trabajo algunas técnicas que tradicionalmente venían estando saturadas, como por ejemplo, el microscopio electrónico de barrido. Con este proyecto, se pretende describir el proceso de implementación de los equipos, así como ilustrar para qué usarlos y qué puede esperarse de ellos en cuanto a aplicaciones. También se describirá todo el trabajo realizado para la puesta a punto de métodos e informes con los que cubrir diferentes necesidades del Centro Tecnológico de Repsol.Confocal microscopy is a technique based on the observation of a single focal plane with a minimal input signal from the rest of the enlightened planes. Created in the mind- 20th century, it was not until recent years when this technique found its place as an observation and measurement technique in fields, others than those in which its use was widely spread (biomedical). In 2013, the Repsol Technology Centre acquires and implements a confocal microscopy system, consisting of two Leica’s hardware (DCM 3D and TCS-SP8). This iniciative will not only allow to observe and measure with great accuracy, observables whose examination were difficult with previous approches, but also to perform new tasks and relieve some techniques traditionally saturated, as for example, the scanning electron microscope. This project aims to describe the implementation process of the equipment as well as to illustrate how to use them and what can be expected of them in terms of applications. All the work done for the development of methods and reports that cover different Repsol Technology Centre needs are also described.Ingeniería Industria

Desarrollo del pensamiento lógico matemático en los niños de Primer Año de Educación General Básica, basado en la aplicación de software educativo

El presente trabajo investigativo se orientó en el desarrollo del pensamiento lógico matemático en los niños de primer grado de educación general básica basado en la aplicación de software educativo, en la Escuela “Dr. Edmundo Carbo”, de la parroquia Guangaje, cantón Pujilí . Se determinó el fundamento teórico que sustenta el pensamiento lógico matemático en los niños de 5 a 6 años de edad, se enmarcan actividades de relaciones lógico matemático como: clasificar, seriación, correspondencia, patrones y número; dentro de las nociones básicas que deben adquirir los niños en espacio, tiempo, conjunto y número; mediante el trabajo de campo y la observación directa en el cuarto y quinto bloque curricular en el año lectivo 2014-2015, lo que permitió la elaboración del software educativo como recurso didáctico, útil como instrumento pedagógico en la realización de los bloques mencionados y práctico para los niños al ejecutar los ejercicios propuestos en cada tema; con la finalidad de establecer si es conveniente el uso de la Computadora se efectuaron preguntas al responsable del primer grado, para definir la dificultad en las actividades de razonamiento lógico se aplicó un cuestionario a los 21 estudiantes de primer grado y actividades cognoscitivas, estos parámetros permitieron la comparación con los resultados que se obtuvieron al aplicar la evaluación en el cuarto y quinto bloque utilizando el software educativo; se puede concluir que la mejora alcanzada en las actividades de razonamiento lógico matemático como: clasificación un 24%, un 4% en el armado de rompecabezas, el 57% en ordenación, en ejercicios de seriación y correspondencia se mejoró en un 19%; por consiguiente existe una mejora significativa y se sugiere que la Institución siga utilizando este software con los estudiantes de primer grado, como herramienta educativa en el desempeño del cuarto y quinto bloque curricular.This research work was aimed at the development of mathematical logical thinking to children in first grade of basic education, based on the application of educational software, in the “Dr. Edmundo Carbo” School in the Guangaje parish, Pujilí canton. It was determined, the theoretical background, which supports the mathematical logical thinking in children 5 to 6 years of age, were used mathematical logician relations activities such as sorting, seriation, correspondence, patterns, and number; within the basic notions that children should acquire in space, time, ensemble, and number; through fieldwork and direct observation in the fourth and fifth curricular block in the school year 2014-2015, which allowed the development of educational software as teaching resource, useful as a teaching tool in performing of the aforementioned blocks and practical for children to perform the exercises in each topic; in order to establish, if it is appropriate, the use of Computer, questions were made to the person responsible of first grade, to define the difficulty in activities of logical reasoning a questionnaire was applied to the 21 students in first grade and cognitive activities, these parameters allow comparison with the results obtained in test in the fourth and fifth block using educational software; it can be concluded that the improvement achieved in the activities of mathematical logical reasoning as: classification 24%, 4% in the armed of puzzles, 57% in ordination, in seriation exercises and correspondence was improved by 19%; therefore there is a significant improvement and it is suggested that the institution continue using this software with students in first grade, as an educational tool in the performance of fourth- and fifth-curricular block

Diseño de didácticas digitales para la asignatura de sistemas operativos

In this paper the first stage of implementation of digital content is presented through a website, that includes OS issues. Currently students at the Technological University of the Valle of Toluca (UTVT) represents a high degree of learning difficulty in this area. Then academic staff develops this project, in collaboration with the Technological University of the Suroeste of Guanajuato (UTSOE), which aims to improve the teaching-learning and make teaching practices incorporating TIC provide students with a tool to promote their interest. Through the interactivity offered by the web, the student to achieve strengthening further their knowledge and actively participate, which has easy access to information, where distance and time is not a constraint, in addition to have an effective view of the concepts needed to acquire the skills and the ability to self-regulate their learning. For the development of project is used methodologies of the software engineering and technologies web for design

Familial Medullary Thyroid Cancer: Five-year Review of the Most Frequent Mutations in the RET Gene: An Update

Background: Familial Medullary Thyroid Cancer (FMTC) is hereditary in 25% of cases. Patients with an inherited form of FMTC usually have a germline mutation in the RET proto-oncogene (10q11.2); these mutations generally occur in exons 10 (codons 618 and 620) and 11 (codons 630, 631, and 634). Methods: A narrative review of articles focused on the pathology of familial medullary thyroid cancer was carried out using the next databases PubMed, ScienceDirect, BMC, Springer, Frontiers, PMC, Wiley Online Library, Cold Spring Harbor and ELSEVIER. This search was carried out between August and September 2021. Results: 19 studies were selected in which the following mutations were found: five studies (26.31%) reported mutation in exon 10; three studies (15.78%) in exon 11; three studies in exon 13 (one of them associated with a rare mutation in exon 7) (10.52% plus 5.26%); three studies (15.78%) in exon 14; two studies (10.52%) in exon 15; two (10.52%) in exon 16; and one (5.26%) rare FMTC NO RET. The two most frequent mutations were in codons 620 of exon 10 and 804 of exon 14. Conclusion: The findings of this review are consistent with the medical literature, finding the most common RET mutations in exon 10 and codon 620. It is essential that in patients with a presumptive diagnosis, genetic studies (identification of germline mutations in the RET proto-oncogene, located on chromosome 10q11.2) be performed

Familial Medullary Thyroid Cancer: Five-year Review of the Most Frequent Mutations in the RET Gene: An Update

Background: Familial Medullary Thyroid Cancer (FMTC) is hereditary in 25% of cases. Patients with an inherited form of FMTC usually have a germline mutation in the RET proto-oncogene (10q11.2); these mutations generally occur in exons 10 (codons 618 and 620) and 11 (codons 630, 631, and 634). Methods: A narrative review of articles focused on the pathology of familial medullary thyroid cancer was carried out using the next databases PubMed, ScienceDirect, BMC, Springer, Frontiers, PMC, Wiley Online Library, Cold Spring Harbor and ELSEVIER. This search was carried out between August and September 2021. Results: 19 studies were selected in which the following mutations were found: five studies (26.31%) reported mutation in exon 10; three studies (15.78%) in exon 11; three studies in exon 13 (one of them associated with a rare mutation in exon 7) (10.52% plus 5.26%); three studies (15.78%) in exon 14; two studies (10.52%) in exon 15; two (10.52%) in exon 16; and one (5.26%) rare FMTC NO RET. The two most frequent mutations were in codons 620 of exon 10 and 804 of exon 14. Conclusion: The findings of this review are consistent with the medical literature, finding the most common RET mutations in exon 10 and codon 620. It is essential that in patients with a presumptive diagnosis, genetic studies (identification of germline mutations in the RET proto-oncogene, located on chromosome 10q11.2) be performed

Severe manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 in children and adolescents: from COVID-19 pneumonia to multisystem inflammatory syndrome: a multicentre study in pediatric intensive care units in Spain

Background Multisystem inflammatory syndrome temporally associated with COVID-19 (MIS-C) has been described as a novel and often severe presentation of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children. We aimed to describe the characteristics of children admitted to Pediatric Intensive Care Units (PICUs) presenting with MIS-C in comparison with those admitted with SARS-CoV-2 infection with other features such as COVID-19 pneumonia. Methods A multicentric prospective national registry including 47 PICUs was carried out. Data from children admitted with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection or fulfilling MIS-C criteria (with or without SARS-CoV-2 PCR confirmation) were collected. Clinical, laboratory and therapeutic features between MIS-C and non-MIS-C patients were compared. Results Seventy-four children were recruited. Sixty-one percent met MIS-C definition. MIS-C patients were older than non-MIS-C patients (p = 0.002): 9.4 years (IQR 5.5-11.8) vs 3.4 years (IQR 0.4-9.4). A higher proportion of them had no previous medical history of interest (88.2% vs 51.7%, p = 0.005). Non-MIS-C patients presented more frequently with respiratory distress (60.7% vs 13.3%, p < 0.001). MIS-C patients showed higher prevalence of fever (95.6% vs 64.3%, p < 0.001), diarrhea (66.7% vs 11.5%, p < 0.001), vomits (71.1% vs 23.1%, p = 0.001), fatigue (65.9% vs 36%, p = 0.016), shock (84.4% vs 13.8%, p < 0.001) and cardiac dysfunction (53.3% vs 10.3%, p = 0.001). MIS-C group had a lower lymphocyte count (p < 0.001) and LDH (p = 0.001) but higher neutrophil count (p = 0.045), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (p < 0.001), C-reactive protein (p < 0.001) and procalcitonin (p < 0.001). Patients in the MIS-C group were less likely to receive invasive ventilation (13.3% vs 41.4%, p = 0.005) but were more often treated with vasoactive drugs (66.7% vs 24.1%, p < 0.001), corticosteroids (80% vs 44.8%, p = 0.003) and immunoglobulins (51.1% vs 6.9%, p < 0.001). Most patients were discharged from PICU by the end of data collection with a median length of stay of 5 days (IQR 2.5-8 days) in the MIS-C group. Three patients died, none of them belonged to the MIS-C group. Conclusions MIS-C seems to be the most frequent presentation among critically ill children with SARS-CoV-2 infection. MIS-C patients are older and usually healthy. They show a higher prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms and shock and are more likely to receive vasoactive drugs and immunomodulators and less likely to need mechanical ventilation than non-MIS-C patients

Severe manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 in children and adolescents: from COVID-19 pneumonia to multisystem inflammatory syndrome: a multicentre study in pediatric intensive care units in Spain

Background Multisystem inflammatory syndrome temporally associated with COVID-19 (MIS-C) has been described as a novel and often severe presentation of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children. We aimed to describe the characteristics of children admitted to Pediatric Intensive Care Units (PICUs) presenting with MIS-C in comparison with those admitted with SARS-CoV-2 infection with other features such as COVID-19 pneumonia. Methods A multicentric prospective national registry including 47 PICUs was carried out. Data from children admitted with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection or fulfilling MIS-C criteria (with or without SARS-CoV-2 PCR confirmation) were collected. Clinical, laboratory and therapeutic features between MIS-C and non-MIS-C patients were compared. Results Seventy-four children were recruited. Sixty-one percent met MIS-C definition. MIS-C patients were older than non-MIS-C patients (p = 0.002): 9.4 years (IQR 5.5–11.8) vs 3.4 years (IQR 0.4–9.4). A higher proportion of them had no previous medical history of interest (88.2% vs 51.7%, p = 0.005). Non-MIS-C patients presented more frequently with respiratory distress (60.7% vs 13.3%, p < 0.001). MIS-C patients showed higher prevalence of fever (95.6% vs 64.3%, p < 0.001), diarrhea (66.7% vs 11.5%, p < 0.001), vomits (71.1% vs 23.1%, p = 0.001), fatigue (65.9% vs 36%, p = 0.016), shock (84.4% vs 13.8%, p < 0.001) and cardiac dysfunction (53.3% vs 10.3%, p = 0.001). MIS-C group had a lower lymphocyte count (p < 0.001) and LDH (p = 0.001) but higher neutrophil count (p = 0.045), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (p < 0.001), C-reactive protein (p < 0.001) and procalcitonin (p < 0.001). Patients in the MIS-C group were less likely to receive invasive ventilation (13.3% vs 41.4%, p = 0.005) but were more often treated with vasoactive drugs (66.7% vs 24.1%, p < 0.001), corticosteroids (80% vs 44.8%, p = 0.003) and immunoglobulins (51.1% vs 6.9%, p < 0.001). Most patients were discharged from PICU by the end of data collection with a median length of stay of 5 days (IQR 2.5–8 days) in the MIS-C group. Three patients died, none of them belonged to the MIS-C group. Conclusions MIS-C seems to be the most frequent presentation among critically ill children with SARS-CoV-2 infection. MIS-C patients are older and usually healthy. They show a higher prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms and shock and are more likely to receive vasoactive drugs and immunomodulators and less likely to need mechanical ventilation than non-MIS-C patients