Conductivity of materials made of aluminum nitride and silicon nitride mixtures

To establish the possible mechanism for conductivity in aluminum nitride a study was made of the electric conductivity of pure AlN and its mixtures with silicon nitride at different temperatures and partial pressures of nitrogen in the gas phase. The thermoelectromotive force was also measured. The experiments used polycrystalline samples of cylindrical shape 18 mm in diameter made of powders by hot pressing in graphite press molds at a temperature of 1973-2273 K and pressure 1,470,000 n/sqm. The items obtained by this method had porosity not over 5%. After pressing, the samples were machined to remove carbon from the surface, and were annealed in a stream of dry ammonia for 10 h at a temperature of 1273-1373 K. Electric conductivity was measured according to the bridge scheme on an alternating current of frequency 10 kHz. In order to guarantee close contact of the platinum electrodes with the surface of the samples, a thin layer of platinum was sprayed on them. Experiments were conducted in the temperature interval 1273-1573 K with a half hour delay at each assigned temperature with heating and cooling

IT-environment development institution of higher education

В статье приводится анализ требований федеральных государственных образовательных стандартов поколения 3+ в контексте требований к информационно-образовательной среде учебного заведения.The article provides an analysis of the requirements of the federal standards 3+ generation requirements for IT-environment of the institution of higher education

On Heterotic Orbifolds, M Theory and Type I' Brane Engineering

Horava--Witten M theory -- heterotic string duality poses special problems for the twisted sectors of heterotic orbifolds. In [1] we explained how in M theory the twisted states couple to gauge fields apparently living on M9 branes at both ends of the eleventh dimension at the same time. The resolution involves 7D gauge fields which live on fixed planes of the (T^4/Z_N) x (S^1/Z_2) x R^{5,1} orbifold and lock onto the 10D gauge fields along the intersection planes. The physics of such intersection planes does not follow directly from the M theory but there are stringent kinematic constraints due to duality and local consistency, which allowed us to deduce the local fields and the boundary conditions at each intersection. In this paper we explain various phenomena at the intersection planes in terms of duality between HW and type I' superstring theories. The orbifold fixed planes are dual to stacks of D6 branes, the M9 planes are dual to O8 orientifold planes accompanied by D8 branes, and the intersections are dual to brane junctions. We engineer several junction types which lead to distinct patterns of 7D/10D gauge field locking, 7D symmetry breaking and/or local 6D fields. Another aspect of brane engineering is putting the junctions together; sometimes, the combined effect is rather spectacular from the HW point of view and the quantum numbers of some twisted states have to `bounce' off both ends of the eleventh dimension before their heterotic identity becomes clear. Some models involve D6/O8 junctions where the string coupling diverges towards the orientifold plane. We use the heterotic-HW-I' duality to predict what should happen at such junctions.Comment: 118 pages, uses phyzzx, color printer advice

ETEKOS experimental ecological system

The problem of changes in the ecology resulting, for example, in increases in water temperature because of discharges from large thermal power plants is considered. An experiment creating a model of such an ecological system is described

Pentecostals in Eastern Europe and Western Siberia: Shared History in the ХХ Century

The article compares the lives of the Evangelical Pentecostals in Eastern Europe and Western Siberia in the XX century. The study relied on archival sources, as well as foreign and domestic publications on history and religious studies. The analysis covered such aspects as genesis, developmental stages, religious policy, population, and the role of charismatic leaders, e.g., Ivan E. Voronaev, who initiated the migration from Ukraine to Western Siberia. All Pentecostal communities shared the same expansion strategy, i.e., proselytism: they gained new members by converting Evangelical Christians and Baptists. The followers of the Voronaev movement lived in Western Siberia and were reluctant to unite with the local Evangelical Christians and Baptists. They avoided official registrations and made no compromises with the authorities. The Pentecostals contradicted the official policy of Soviet states and the Polish People’s Republic. Pentecostal communities sought independence from the state, glossolalia, active missionary work, and other denomination canons

Effect of magnetism on the solution energy of 3p (Al, Si) and 4p (Ga, Ge) elements in iron

The method based on the density-functional theory has been used to study the solubility of 3p (Al, Si) and 4p (Ga, Ge) elements in ferromagnetic and paramagnetic states of bcc iron. To simulate the paramagnetic state, two different approaches have been employed, which were implemented using the SIESTA and LSGF packages. It has been established that the solution energy of all these impurities decreases upon the transition into the paramagnetic state. The solution energies obtained by averaging over the ensemble of unpolarized magnetic configurations agree well with the values obtained in the coherentpotential approximation. At the same time, the allowance for the magnetic polarization in the vicinity of an impurity leads to a decrease in the solution energy, which is most clearly pronounced at temperatures close to TC. The temperature dependence of the solution energies of the impurities in the paramagnetic state is discussed. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2013

Assessment of Threats to the Security of the Cryptographic Authentication Mechanisms of the Monitor Devices of Vehicles

In accordance with the legislation on transport security, a number of vehicles must be equipped with on-Board control devices containing a cryptographic means of authentication, registration and storage of control data, including key information of the electronic signature. This paper presents a solution to the problem of justification of the adequacy of measures to counter known attacks and methods of discrediting the suggested cryptographic mechanisms and the corresponding protocol, drawn up in the form of a draft national standard and presented in the previous work of the authors devoted to study of its security properties. The solution presented is limited to the consideration of attacks divided into two large classes: passive and active attacks, including temporary attacks based on the study of the response time of one or more participants of the protocol. The analysis of the security threat model of the Protocol generating a common key with the authentication of subscribers intended for use in tachographs installed on vehicles shows that the protocol provides sufficient measures to counter known attacks. The found possible attacks are of a formal nature, not allowing the offender to obtain any additional information in order to discredit the protocol

Orthodox Communities and Partisan Movement in Kuzbass in 1919

The results of the analysis of the tragic stage in the history of the Russian Orthodox Church during the civil war in the Kemerovo region are presented. Based on materials from periodicals and archives, as well as on the research of secular and church historians, the partisan pogroms of 1919 are considered as events that had a negative impact on the life of the church as a social institution. It is noted that pogroms and murders of believers and clergy took place everywhere in the territory of Kuzbass. It was revealed on the basis of documentary evidence that the main target of the attack of the red partisans was the clergy. Punitive operations continued throughout 1919, but the peak of the pogroms is associated with the activities of the united detachment under the command of G. F. Rogov and I. P. Novoselov in December in the Kuznetsk district. It is shown that the Russian Orthodox Church was seized by an institutional crisis, the parish life of the counties was upset, the number of clergy decreased, and some of the clergy left the region

Comparative analysis of species composition and quantitative analysis of udder microflora in cows with subclinical and clinical mastitis

Due to the great relevance of the problem of mastitis in cows, the diversity of udder microflora in the affected animals, as well as to develop therapeutic and preventive measures on farms, studies were conducted to identify similarities and differences in the species composition of microorganisms in animals with sub­clinical and clinical breast inflammation, their proportion, to establish the correlation between the secreted microflora and the type of mastitis, as well as to study and compare the enzymatic properties of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from animals with clinical and subclinical mastitis. It was found that on all the studied farms the number of cows and heifers with subclinical mastitis exceeded the number of animals with clinical udder inflammation. As a result of microbiological studies of 182 mammary gland secretion samples collected from cows with subclinical and clinical mastitis from 13 agricultural establishments of the Vologda, Yaroslavl and Kostroma regions, 70 cultures of pathogenic and opportunistic microflora were isolated. It was demonstrated that, in case of subclinical mastitis, the following cultures were most often isolated from milk: Staphylococcus aureus (17.9% of cases), pathogenic Streptococcus (9.8% of cases), of which the proportion of Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus dysgalactiae was 6.5 and 3.3%, respectively. Opportunistic Staphylococcus (6.5%) and Enterobacteria (6.5%) were isolated in equal proportions. In case of cows with clinical mastitis, Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in 16.9% of cases, pathogenic Streptococcus – in 10.2% of cases, of which the proportion of Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus dysgalactiae was 6.8 and 3.4%, respectively. Opportunistic Staphylococcus and Enterobacteria were found in equal amounts – 3.4% of cases each. No growth of Mycoplasma on special nutrient media was registered in both cases. It was established that similar pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms are isolated from animals with subclinical and clinical mastitis. The main causative agent is Staphylococcus aureus, the incidence of which in case of latent mastitis is slightly higher (by 1.0%). It is followed by Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus dysgalactiae, which are detected more often in case of clinical udder inflammation – by 0.2% on average. The frequency of isolation of opportunistic Staphy­lococcus is 1.9 times higher in case of subclinical mastitis. It is worth noting that with clinical udder inflammation, enterobacteria were detected only at one of the thirteen studied agricultural establishments