The spatial scale of immune gene variation within and among bottlenecked populations

The general aim of this thesis is to explore different spatial scales at which pathogen-mediated selection drives the evolution of immune genes across and within populations of Berthelot’s pipit (Anthus berthelotii), a historically bottlenecked passerine endemic to the oceanic islands of the Canary, Selvagens and Madeira archipelagos. I first investigated the evolution of key innate immune genes among the populations that the pipits inhabit. I found that while demographic history has played the major role in shaping patterns of among population variation at toll-like receptor loci, balancing selection (possibly pathogen-mediated) appears to have helped maintain functional variation at some specific loci. Second, I assessed the contribution of environmental factors to pathogen distribution and their subsequent effects on the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I genes of the acquired immune system within the population on Tenerife. I found a high prevalence of malaria in this population, the presence of which was correlated with climatic and anthropogenic variables: temperature, distance to poultry farms and distance to artificial water sources. Within the MHC I found evidence of trans-species polymorphism and gene conversion, and signatures of positive selection. Using landscape genetic analysis methods I found no evidence for overall within population patterns of structure at either neutral markers or the MHC. However, one MHC allele was associated to malaria infection risk and its distribution was (more strongly) associated with distance to poultry farms. These results suggest that demographic processes are the most important evolutionary force shaping variation at functional loci in isolated, bottlenecked populations. Nevertheless, selection can also shape patterns of variation at immunity loci, both at the coarser and the finer landscape scale, apparently in response to pathogens. This study therefore highlights the importance of considering different spatial scales when studying the evolutionary processes that shape functional genetic variation within populations

454 screening of individual MHC variation in an endemic island passerine

Genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) code for receptors that are central to the adaptive immune response of vertebrates. These genes are therefore important genetic markers with which to study adaptive genetic variation in the wild. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has increasingly been used in the last decade to genotype the MHC. However, NGS methods are highly prone to sequencing errors, and although several methodologies have been proposed to deal with this, until recently there have been no standard guidelines for the validation of putative MHC alleles. In this study, we used the 454 NGS platform to screen MHC class I exon 3 variation in a population of the island endemic Berthelot’s pipit (Anthus berthelotii). We were able to characterise MHC genotypes across 309 individuals with high levels of repeatability. We were also able to determine alleles that had low amplification efficiencies, whose identification within individuals may thus be less reliable. At the population level we found lower levels of MHC diversity in Berthelot’s pipit than in its widespread continental sister species the tawny pipit (Anthus campestris), and observed trans-species polymorphism. Using the sequence data, we identified signatures of gene conversion and evidence of maintenance of functionally divergent alleles in Berthelot’s pipit. We also detected positive selection at 10 codons. The present study therefore shows that we have an efficient method for screening individual MHC variation across large datasets in Berthelot’s pipit, and provides data that can be used in future studies investigating spatio-temporal patterns and scales of selection on the MHC

Diseño de estrategias innovadoras para fomentar el hábito lector en estudiantes de educación primaria del colegio San Agustín - Chiclayo

En esta investigación se busca fortalecer el hábito lector en los estudiantes del nivel primario mediante estrategias innovadoras amenas y dinámicas que cubran sus necesidades e intereses y garanticen el placer por la lectura. Con esta finalidad se aplica el enfoque socio cognitivo que permitirá contextualizar sus aprendizajes en el medio en el que se desenvuelve. Para ello, se desarrolla el Proyecto titulado “Lectores Agustinos en marcha” que promueve la integración de la biblioteca escolar con las actividades del Plan lector Institucional y la familia, en el intento de que se potencien las capacidades en los diferentes lenguajes: plástico, sonoro, gestual, corporal, oral o escrito y se desarrollen oportunidades de descubrimiento autónomo y del establecimiento de relaciones interpersonales basadas en el respeto, la seguridad afectiva y física. El diseño que se tomó para esta investigación es experimental con una población de 400 alumnos de 2.º a 5.º grado de primaria de la Institución Educativa “San Agustín” Chiclayo, finalizando con una encuesta que nos permitió evaluar la eficacia de la propuesta y evidenciar los efectos de un hábito lector a través de la expresión oral, comprensión y producción de textos como lo muestran los resultados de las pruebas censales, por lo que esta experiencia a través de los años se ha convertido en una política lingüística institucional

Corrupción y burocracia: Enemigos de la rehabilitación antes y después de un terremoto

Editorial: Corrupción y burocracia: Enemigos de la rehabilitación antes y después de un terremot

“INVESTIGATIC” Proyecto educativo mediado por Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC), para el desarrollo profesional docente en la universidad Autónoma de Nariño sede Villavicencio

107 páginasLas Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) se utilizan para mejorar el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje, la competencia investigativa se define como la transformación de los conocimientos existentes y la creación de nuevos conocimientos para la práctica docente, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo aumentar la competencia investigativa de las TIC de los docentes de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de la Corporación Universitaria Autónoma de Nariño (AUNAR) sede Villavicencio, como estrategia, se utiliza el Marco Lógico adoptando el Modelo Guskey para resultados de la evaluación del proyecto educativo lograron demostrar que los docentes consideran tener conocimientos plenos sobre el uso de las TIC, pero al momento de ser evaluados de cómo las integran a la competencia investigativa, pudieron determinar que sus conocimientos eran errados e insuficientes, de esta manera el plan de formación docente logró mejorar no solo la conceptualización teórica de las herramientas TIC, sino su uso efectivo para implementarlas en las prácticas docentes, siendo los profesores capaces de autoevaluarse y proponer nuevas estrategias.ICT are used to improve the teaching and learning process, the research competence is defined as the transformation of existing knowledge and the creation of new knowledge for teaching practice, this work aims to increase the ICT research competence of teachers of the Faculty of Health Sciences of the AUNAR Villavicencio headquarters, as a strategy, the Logical Framework is used by adopting the Guskey Model for evaluation results of the educational project managed to demonstrate that teachers consider having full knowledge about the use of ICT, but when they were evaluated on how they integrate them to the research competence, they could determine that their knowledge was wrong and insufficient, thus the teacher training plan managed to improve not only the theoretical conceptualization of ICT tools, but their effective use to implement them in teaching practices, being the teachers capable of self-evaluating and proposing new strategies.Maestría en Proyectos Educativos Mediados por TICMagíster en Proyectos Educativos Mediados por TI

Alkanes in Minisci-Type Reaction under Photocatalytic Conditions with Hydrogen Evolution

We report herein a protocol for the selective activation of C(sp3)–H bonds based on the interplay of two readily available organic catalysts and their successful implementation in cross-coupling azaarenes with alkanes. This Minisci-like reaction is promoted by visible light at room temperature and is free from chemical oxidants, metals, and chlorinated solvents. A wide range of substrates are compatible, including some bioactive molecules. Mechanistic studies support a dual catalytic cycle with H2 evolution.This work was financially supported by the Generalitat Valenciana (SEJIGENT/2021/005 and IDIFEDER/2021/13) and the University of Alicante (GRE20-03-A granted to I. B.)

Receptor tyrosine phosphatase–dependent cytoskeletal remodeling by the hedgehog-responsive gene MIM/BEG4

During development, dynamic remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton allows the precise placement and morphology of tissues. Morphogens such as Sonic hedgehog (Shh) and local cues such as receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs) mediate this process, but how they regulate the cytoskeleton is poorly understood. We previously identified Basal cell carcinoma–enriched gene 4 (BEG4)/Missing in Metastasis (MIM), a Shh-inducible, Wiskott-Aldrich homology 2 domain–containing protein that potentiates Gli transcription (Callahan, C.A., T. Ofstad, L. Horng, J.K. Wang, H.H. Zhen, P.A. Coulombe, and A.E. Oro. 2004. Genes Dev. 18:2724–2729). Here, we show that endogenous MIM is induced in a patched1-dependent manner and regulates the actin cytoskeleton. MIM functions by bundling F-actin, a process that requires self-association but is independent of G-actin binding. Cytoskeletal remodeling requires an activation domain distinct from sequences required for bundling in vitro. This domain associates with RPTPδ and, in turn, enhances RPTPδ membrane localization. MIM-dependent cytoskeletal changes can be inhibited using a soluble RPTPδ-D2 domain. Our data suggest that the hedgehog-responsive gene MIM cooperates with RPTP to induce cytoskeletal changes

Shunt dysfunction patterns after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt creation using a combination of a generic stent-graft and bare-stents.

Even though transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) using Fluency Stent-grafts provides good shunt patency rates, shunt dysfunction is a great concern after TIPS creation, occurring in up to 20% of cases within one year. The objective of this study was to describe shunt dysfunction patterns after TIPS creation using a combination of generic stent-grafts/bare-stents. Single-center retrospective study of all TIPS revisions between January 2005 and December 2020. TIPS revision angiograms were analyzed for stents' positions, stenoses' diameters, and stenoses' locations. Out of 99 TIPS, a total of 33 TIPS revisions were included. The median time to TIPS revision was 10.4 months. Angiograms showed four patterns of TIPS dysfunction-associated features (DAF), defined as follows: Type 1 was defined as stenosis located after the stent end in the hepatic vein (HV), type 2 as intra-stent stenosis located in the hepatic vein, type 3 as intra-stent stenosis or a kink in the parenchymal tract or the portal vein end of the TIPS, and type 4 as a complete TIPS occlusion. Types 1, 2, 3, and 4 were seen in 23 (69.7%), 5 (15.2%), 2 (6.1%), and 3 (9.1%) TIPS respectively. TIPS revision was successful in 30 (90.1%) patients with median pre- and post-TIPS revision PSG of 18.5 mmHg and 8 mmHg respectively (p < .001). Our results illustrate the four angiographic patterns of TIPS DAF after TIPS creation using a combination of generic stent-grafts/bare-stents and emphasize the need for appropriate stent length extending to the HV/inferior vena cava junction

Percepción de la calidad de servicio odontológico en pacientes de un centro de salud público, Ucayali 2022

El estudio de investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la percepción de la calidad de servicio odontológico en pacientes de un centro de salud público, Ucayali 2022. La investigación fue de tipo básica, de diseño no experimental, transversal descriptivo simple, con una muestra de 136 pacientes que se atendieron en un centro de salud público de Ucayali, la información fue recolectada mediante un cuestionario físico denominado calidad del servicio odontológico que estaba organizado en dos componentes el primero consistió en los aspectos sociodemográficos y la segunda parte la calidad del servicio odontológico según SERVQUAL que constó de 30 preguntas, dicho instrumento pasó por el rigor científico, aprobado y validado. Los resultados mostraron que en el 67,6 % de los pacientes la percepción de la calidad de servicio fue alta, correspondiendo según sexo en las mujeres el 58,1 % una percepción alta y los varones el 9,6 %; asimismo, el grupo etario que calificó de alto a la percepción de la calidad de servicio fueron los de 30 a 59 años con un 42,6 %. Se concluyó que la percepción de la calidad del servicio odontológico fue alta en los pacientes de un centro de salud público en Ucayali 202