1,840 research outputs found

    Caracterización Socio-productivo y Ambiental en las comunidades Wasaka Arriba La Esperanza. Municipio Tuma La Dalia II semestre 2015

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    La presente investigación fue realizada durante el II semestre del 2015 donde se caracterizó las condiciones socio productivas y ambientales de las comunidades Wasaka Arriba y la Esperanza ubicadas en el municipio Tuma-La Dalia departamento de Matagalpa los objetivos estuvieron enfocados en Caracterizar las situaciones socio productivo y ambiental de las comunidades Wasaka Arriba y La Esperanza. Aquí se trabajó con un total de 72 productores porque se consideró que es una población pequeña y que si se hacía muestra se corría el riesgo de perder información importante, para recopilar la información se hizo uso de la encuesta, la cual fue elaborada de acuerdo a las variables sujeta de estudio. Se pudo observar que en estas comunidades los productores carecen de algunos servicios básicos de calidad, salud, energía eléctrica, agua potable. En cuanto a la tenencia de la tierra en estas zonas está en manos de pequeños con un (68%) y medianos productores con un (26%) donde la principal actividad económica es la agricultura, con respecto a la legalización de sus tierras se encuentran en un (68%) es decir la mayoría tienen sus tierras en derechos posesorios. En lo ambiental ellos consideran no tener muchos problemas en estas comunidades debido a que hay poca tala de bosque, son pocos los que contaminan con aguas mieles, usos inadecuados de agroquímicos 55 de ellos no contaminan el ambiente de ninguna forma pero si es alarmante que la mayoría de estas personas no están implementando ninguna obra de conservación de suelo y agu

    Cryptococcal meningitis in a previously healthy child

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    An 8-year-old previously healthy female presented with a 3 weeks history of headache, neck stiffness, deafness, fever and vomiting and was diagnosed with cryptococcal meningitis. She had documented hearing loss and was referred to tertiary-level care after treatment with fluconazole did not improve her neurological signs and symptoms. Her symptoms slowly resolved over two months. This case report illustrates the occurrence of cryptococcal meningitis in a non-immunocompromised patient, as well as the challenges of providing effective care in resource-limited setting

    Scaling-up climate services with users in Latin America

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    Latin America farmers are highly vulnerable to climate variability, with crop losses observed throughout the region on a virtually annual basis. For instance, as indicated by the United Nations’ Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and World Food Program (WFP), the 2014–2017 drought conditions in Central America affected over 3.5 million people in Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador. At the same time, local stakeholders and farmers generally have limited access to existing climate and forecast information, do not have sufficient capacities to understand the climate information and/or mechanisms to relate this information to the impact that climate variations can generate at a local level. This precludes the translation of information into actionable knowledge, and therefore into action. In this study, we describe a process through which scientists and strategic partners have co-developed, tested and scaled out an approach to assess, co-produce, translate and transfer climate information to enable agricultural decision making –the Local Technical Agroclimatic Committees (LTAC). LTACs allow open and clear dialogues about climate variations at multiple timescales, how these can affect crops, and the design of measures to reduce crop loss, particularly providing agronomic recommendations to farmers. We systematically describe the process of evidence generation, creation, partner engagement, scaling up, and monitoring of the approach throughout Latin America. Currently, 35 LTACs exist in 9 Latin American countries, engaging more than 250 public and private institutions, increasing the resilience and food security of an estimated 330,000 farmers, and potentially transforming how Latin American farmers manage climate risk. The study illustrates changes in institutional and farmers' capacities to co-produce, translate and use climate information and explores how better climate and crop prediction models can effectively underpin this process. We show how strategic alliances with farmer organizations, national public, and private and regional climate outlook forums help deliver improved and accurate climate information to users. Finally, we document how LTACs and their integration with other local-scale processes have led to changes in farmers’ management practices to take better advantage of good climatic conditions or avoid losses

    Altered response of adenylate cyclase to parathyroid hormone during compensatory renal growth

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    Altered response of adenylate cyclase to parathyroid hormone during compensatory renal growth. The loss of renal mass is associated with functional adaptations in the remaining nephrons to maintain homeostasis. Although parathyroid hormone (PTH) is important in the adaptations to phosphate, the mechanisms are not completely defined. In the present studies we examined the response of the adenylate cyclase system to PTH in renal cortical membranes of rat kidneys ten days after unilateral nephrectomy. The kidneys obtained at the time of the initial nephrectomy were used as controls. Unilateral nephrectomy resulted in contralateral compensatory renal growth, as demonstrated by a 24 ± 4.7% (P < 0.01) increase in weight in the remaining kidney. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) after unilateral nephrectomy was 62% of the control, while basal fractional phosphate excretion was higher in rats with unilateral nephrectomy (7.7 ± 2.1% vs. 2.9 ± 0.8%, P < 0.05). PTH infusion resulted in a similar increase of fractional phosphate excretion and urinary cAMP in both groups. In the absence of added guanine nucleotides, PTH-dependent adenylate cyclase activity in cortical membranes from kidneys with compensatory growth was decreased as compared to controls (Vmax807.5 ± 62.7 pmol cAMP/mg protein/30min vs. 1,384.8 ± 116.1, respectively, P < 0.01). The apparent affinity for PTH stimulation of adenylate cyclase (Kact) was unchanged. Magnesium-dependent adenylate cyclase activity was also decreased in the membranes from kidneys with compensatory growth. However, the kinetics of adenylate cyclase for the substrates ATP-Mg or ATP-Mn were similar. The addition of Gpp(NH)p resulted in a similar maximal response to PTH in the two groups, indicating an increased response of the enzyme to PTH in the presence of the guanine nucleotide. Cholera toxin-dependent ADP-ribosylation of the stimulatory guanine nucleotide binding protein (Gs) showed a marked decrease in the apparent content of the alpha subunit in membranes from kidneys with compensatory growth compared to controls. On the contrary, pertussis toxin-dependent ADP-ribosylation of the inhibitory guanine nucleotide binding protein (Gi) did not show differences in the content of the alpha subunit in both groups of membranes. Since the transduction of the hormone signal from the receptor is mediated by G proteins, the present studies suggest that during compensatory renal growth a decrease in the alpha subunit of Gs could account for the impaired response of adenylate cyclase to PTH in vitro, which could be overcome by high concentrations of guanine nucleotides

    Impacto de la Política Pública Migratoria con Relación al Emprendimiento en Retornados en la Ciudad de Barranquilla en el Período 2017-2019

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    La política migratoria se enmarca la Ley 1565 de 2012, en donde establecen competencias específicas en cuanto a las rutas de acompañamiento al migrante, teniendo en cuenta lo anterior; Esta monografía tiene como objetivo principal un análisis de la implementación de la política pública migratoria en los cuatro tipos de retorno en la ciudad de Barranquilla en el período 2017-2019. En la primera parte se establece e identifica que es la migración sus definiciones en esta se define mediante una aproximación teórica, como se establece el proceso migratorio y el retorno de esta población. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior se encamina a la mejor compresión e impacto de este proceso. La recopilación teórica va encaminada entender el proceso migratorio en el caribe y en especial en la ciudad de Barranquilla para así hacer una mejor comprensión del proceso mundial y establece su impacto en el entorno social. La segunda parte se identificará la Política Integral Migratoria a través de la historia en Colombia en él también se evaluarán y analizara los efectos internacionales, así como territoriales. El tercer capítulo estudia a los migrantes y retornados, sus características generales, tendencias, las rutas de acompañamiento con la política migratoria, así como los cuatro tipos de retorno laboral, humanitario, solidario y el retorno productivo, por último, se abarcará las formas de emprendimiento teniendo en cuenta los aspectos principales la situación actual en retornos productivos en la ciudad de BarranquillaMigration Policy is part of Law 1565 of 2012, in which they establish specific competences regarding the routes of accompaniment to the migrant This monograph has as main objective an analysis of the implementation of the public migratory policy in the four types of return in the city of Barranquilla in the period 2017-2019. In the first part, it is established and identified that migration is its definitions in which it is defined through a theoretical approach as it establishes the migratory process and the return of this population. Taking into account the above, it is aimed at the best compression and impact of this process. The theoretical collection aims to understand the migratory process in the Caribbean and especially in the city of Barranquilla to make a better understanding of the global process and establish its impact on the social environment. The second part will identify the Comprehensive Migration Policy throughout history in Colombia and will also evaluate and analyze the international as well as territorial effects. The third chapter studies migrants and returnees, their general characteristics, trends, the routes of accompaniment with migration policy, as well as the four types of labour, humanitarian, solidarity and productive return, finally, the forms of entrepreneurship will be covered taking into account the main aspects of the current situation in productive returns in the city of Barranquill

    Does cooking with vegetable oils increase the risk of chronic diseases?: a systematic review

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    Overweight/obesity, CVD and type 2 diabetes are strongly associated with nutritional habits. High consumption of fried foods might increase the risk of these disorders. However, it is not clear whether the use of vegetables oils for cooking increases the risk of chronic diseases. We systematically searched for published studies that assessed the association between vegetable oil consumption including fried food consumption and the risk of overweight/obesity or weight gain, T2DM or the metabolic syndrome, and CVD or hypertension in the following databases: PubMed; Web of Science; Google Scholar. Keywords such as ‘fried food’ or ‘vegetable oil’ or ‘frying’ or ‘frying oils’ or ‘dietary fats’ and ‘weight gain’ or ‘overweight’ or ‘obesity’ or ‘CHD’ or ‘CVD’ or ‘type 2 diabetes’ or ‘metabolic syndrome’ were used in the primary search. Additional published reports were obtained through other sources. A total of twenty-three publications were included based on specific selection criteria. Based on the results of the studies included in the present systematic review, we conclude that (1) the myth that frying foods is generally associated with a higher risk of CVD is not supported by the available evidence; (2) virgin olive oil significantly reduces the risk of CVD clinical events, based on the results of a large randomised trial that included as part of the intervention the recommendation to use high amounts of virgin olive oil, also for frying foods; and (3) high consumption of fried foods is probably related to a higher risk of weight gain, though the type of oil may perhaps modify this association

    TV watching modifies obesity risk linked to the 27Glu polymorphism of the ADRB2 gene in girls

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    OBJECTIVE: A matched case-control study was conducted in a population of Spanish children and adolescents (5-18 years old), to assess the interaction between the Gln27Glu polymorphism of the ADRB2 and television (TV) watching on obesity risk. PATIENTS: Obese (n=165) and control subjects (n=165) matched by sex and age were recruited and classified according to Spanish reference data. Results. Using conditional logistic regression, we calculated the obesity risk linked to the polymorphism. A statistically significant association was found for 27Glu carrier allele girls (OR = 1.95; 95% CI = 1.02-3.70), but no association was apparent among boys. In the fully adjusted model, the odds ratio for obesity linked to the genotype Glu27Glu in the female population rose to 4.84 (95% CI = 1.37-17.10). Moreover, we found a significant negative interaction between hours of TV watching and the Gln27Glu polymorphism for obesity risk in girls. Surprisingly, among 27Glu carrier subjects, even girls with a low level of TV watching ( < 12.5 h/week) had a high obesity risk (OR = 4.60; 95% CI = 1.01-20.02), which was not very different to the odds ratio values for sedentary girls carrying the 27 Glu allele watching TV more than 12.5 h/week (OR = 6.05; 95% CI = 1.31-27.71). Conclusion. A higher risk of obesity was found for girls carrying the 27Glu allele of the ADRB2 gene even when they spent less than 12.5 h/week watchi

    Plasmatic level of neurosin predicts outcome of mild cognitive impairment

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    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a disorder considered to be a transitional stage from health to dementia. Diagnosis of dementias at these early stages is always troublesome because the pathophysiologic events leading to dementia precede clinical symptoms. Thus, the development of biomarkers that can be used to support the diagnosis of dementias at early stages is rapidly becoming a high priority. We have recently reported the value of measuring plasmatic levels of neurosin in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of this study is to determine whether measuring plasmatic concentration of neurosin is a valuable test to predict progression of MCI.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Plasmatic neurosin concentrations were measured in 68 MCI patients and 70 controls subjects. Blood samples were obtained at the beginning of the study. Sixty six patients diagnosed with MCI were observed for 18 months. In 36 patients a second blood sample was obtained at the endpoint.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The mean value of plasmatic neurosin concentration differs significantly between MCI patients who converted to Dementia with vascular component, those who converted to AD, or those who remained at MCI stage. The relative risk of developing Dementia with vascular component when neurosin levels are higher than 5.25 ng/ml is 13 while the relative risk of developing mild AD when neurosin levels are lower than 5.25 ng/ml is 2. Increases in the levels of neurosin indicate progression to Dementia with vascular component.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The measurement of plasmatic neurosin level in patients diagnosed with MCI may predict conversion from MCI to Dementia with vascular component. A single measurement is also valuable to estimate the risk of developing AD and Dementia with vascular component. Finally, repeated measurement of plasmatic neurosin might be a useful test to predict outcome in patients with MCI.</p

    Self-efficacy for weight control and quality of life in Mexican patients with hemophilia

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    El autor es alumno egresado del Doctorado en Ciencias de la Salud becario de CONACYTIntroduction: Perceived self-efficacy is closely related to an adequate quality of life en general well-being of people, but few studies have studied this relationship in people with hemophilia. Objective: To determine the degree of relationship between perceived self-efficacy for weight control and quality of life in people with and without hemophilia, comparing both variables in case-control groups. Methods: The sample made up, for convenience, of 40 participants, with two matched groups. The group of cases consisted of 20 males between 19 and 24 years of age (M = 19.50, SD = 1.47) with hemophilia type A. The control group consisted of 20 males who did not present hemophilia, matched in age and weight status, between the ages of 18 and 24 years of age (M= 19.59, SD= 1.44). Participants answered the “Self-efficacy for Weight Control” questionnaire and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Bref” questionnaire. Descriptive statistics where used to describe the factors of each instrument. Student's t-test was used to compare differences between the two groups. Results: Only the Daily physical activity dimension showed a statistical difference in the control group. According to the Pearson correlation, a positive correlation was found between the Scheduled physical activity, Daily physical activity and Physical health dimensions. Conclusions: It is concluded that physical exercise, weight control, nutritional counseling and psychological support are essential for the quality of life, especially for people with hemophilia, which complements medical treatmentEl autor es alumno egresado del Doctorado en Ciencias de la Salud becario de CONACY
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