Verticilosis del Olivo

La verticilosis o “pardeo” es considerada una de las enfermedades más importantes que afectan al cultivo de olivo a nivel mundial. En Argentina está presente en la zona de cultivo en las provincias de Córdoba, La Rioja, Catamarca y Mendoza (Docampo et al., 1981; Oriolani et al., 2008; Pérez et al., 2010). La enfermedad produce pérdidas económicas de importancia, por la necrosis de ramas y consecuente disminución de la producción de frutos y en algunos casos ocasiona la muerte de la planta. Según relevamientos realizados en el departamento Arauco (provincia de La Rioja) su incidencia se incrementó notablemente en los últimos años (Ladux et al, 2014). En las plantaciones tradicionales la patología se presenta en forma crónica, mientras que en las plantaciones intensivas, puede llegar a causar la muerte de las plantas jóvenes. En el caso de las primeras, la variedad Arauco, es muy susceptible frente al hongo.Instituto de Patología VegetalFil: Otero, Maria Laura. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Gonzalez, Valeria Mariel. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; ArgentinaFil: Rattalino, Donna. Universidad Nacional de Chilecito. Laboratorio de Alta Complejidad; ArgentinaFil: Paccioretti, Mauro Andres. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; Argentin

Efecto de distintas secuencias de tratamientos de biofumigación sobre parámetros fisicoquímicos y biológicos del suelo, el rendimiento y la salinidad de cultivos de tomate y lechuga bajo cubierta

En los últimos años, investigadores de distintos países han concentrado esfuerzos en desarrollar técnicas no contaminantes de desinfección del suelo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de distintas secuencias de solarización y/o biofumigación (BIO). Los tratamientos evaluados consistieron en la combinación de dos desinfecciones realizadas en la primavera 2003 y 2005. Estos fueron 1. Testigo/Testigo, 2. Solarización/Solarización, 3. BIO con Estiércol/BIO con Brócoli, 4. BIO con Colza/BIO con Brócoli. Se observó control de nematodos en los 10 primeros cm del suelo, en el muestreo realizado inmediatamente después de la biofumigación, realizada en noviembre de 2005. Las diferencias entre tratamientos y el testigo se mantuvieron para esta especie (P ≤ 5 %) hasta febrero del 2007. El porcentaje de colonias de Sclerotium rolfsii recuperadas de esclerocios fue siempre mayor en el testigo sin tratar, pero a 35 cm el efecto de los tratamientos fue menor. Fusarium solani fue encontrado solamente en el testigo a 10 cm de profundidad, pero en todos los tratamientos a 35 cm. En noviembre de 2006 se trasplantó un cultivo de tomate. El número de plantas muertas al final del ciclo fue significativamente mayor en el testigo sin tratar. Se obtuvieron diferencias altamente significativas entre tratamientos (P ≤ 1 %) para rendimiento y descarte total y descarte por pequeño y podredumbre apical. El testigo sin tratar mostró los menores rendimientos y mayores porcentajes de descartes. Después de la cosecha se observaron diferencias significativas para el número de agallas y porcentaje de raíces con síntomas de podredumbres en tomate. Los patógenos aislados de las raíces con síntomas de podredumbres fueron Pyrenochaeta lycopersici y Fusarium solani.In the last years, researchers from different countries have made efforts to develop environmentally responsible soil disinfection techniques. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different sequences of soil solarization and/or biofumigation (BIO). The treatments evaluated were the combination of two disinfections performed on spring 2003 and 2005. The sequences evaluated were: 1. Control/Control, 2. Solarization/Solarization, 3. BIO with Chicken manure/BIO with Brocoli, 4. BIO with Brassica napus/BIO with Brocoli. Nematode control was observed at the first 10 cm of soil, inmediately after BIO treatments, performed at november 2005, differences (P ≤ 5 %) between treatments and control were observed for Nacobbus aberrans until february 2007. Percentage of Sclerotium rolfsii colonies obtained from sclerotia was always higher at control plots, but at 35 cm the treatment effect was lower. Fusarium solani was obtained only at control plots at 10 cm but in all treatments at 35 cm. In november 2006 a tomato crop was planted. The number of dead plants at the end of the cycle was significantly higher at control plots. Significant differences (P ≤ 1 %) between treatments were obtained for total yield, yield losses, and losses percentage due to small fruits and blossom end rot. Control plots showed lower yields and higher commercial yield losses. After harvest significant differences were observed for gall number and percentage of root rots caused by Pyrenochaeta lycopersici and Fusarium solani.EEA San PedroFil: Mitidieri, Mariel Silvina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Pedro; ArgentinaFil: Brambilla, María Virginia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Pedro; ArgentinaFil: Saliva, Valeria Virginia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Pedro; ArgentinaFil: Piris, Estela Beatriz. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Pedro; ArgentinaFil: Piris, Mario Ernesto. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Pedro; ArgentinaFil: Celie, Ramón Enrique. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Pedro; ArgentinaFil: Pereyra, Cecilia Andrea. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Pedro; ArgentinaFil: Del Pardo, Cecilia Karina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Pedro; ArgentinaFil: Chaves, Eliseo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: González, Joaquín. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Pedro; Argentin

Caracterización de plantaciones de olivares a partir de imágenes Landsat

Fil: Pérez Nores, María Florencia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; Argentina.Fil: Gonzalez, Valeria Mariel. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; Argentina.Fil: Paccioretti, Mauro Andrés. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; Argentina.Fil: Nolasco, Miguel Martín. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; Argentina.La teledetección permite registrar la energía reflejada por los cultivos, para estudiar su variabilidad espacial y temporal. El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar relaciones entre características de manejo cultural de plantaciones de olivo (Olea Europaea L.) y datos derivados del sensoramiento remoto. Ocho lotes ubicados en La Rioja fueron relevados durante el periodo 2016-2018. Se registró edad, sistema de conducción y riego. A partir de 72 imágenes Landsat 8, para cada lote se obtuvo el Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), se construyó una serie temporal (2013-2019) y se calcularon estadísticos descriptivos del índice. Los resultados permitieron diferenciar plantaciones jóvenes en crecimiento, de plantaciones adultas en el zenit de la producción. La frecuencia temporal de toma de datos permitió discriminar lotes por edad, tipo de sistema de riego, identificar momentos de realización de labores específicas como la cosecha, suspensión en el suministro de agua y anomalías en las precipitaciones.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionFil: Pérez Nores, María Florencia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; Argentina.Fil: Gonzalez, Valeria Mariel. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; Argentina.Fil: Paccioretti, Mauro Andrés. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; Argentina.Fil: Nolasco, Miguel Martín. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; Argentina

The influence of dehydroepiandrosterone on early pregnancy in mice

The aim of the present report was to study the role of high levels of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on the ovarian function and embryonic resorption during early pregnancy in BALB/c mice. Pregnant animals were injected with DHEA following both the post-implantatory (DHEA-2) and peri-implantatory (DHEA-6) models. Morphological studies of implantation sites showed 40% of embryonic resorption in the DHEA-2 group while 100% of resorption was observed in the DHEA-6 group. Serum samples of both DHEA-2 and DHEA-6 groups showed higher estradiol levels and a lower progesterone concentration than those of control groups. Ovarian prostaglandin E levels after both DHEA-2 and DHEA-6 treatments increased when compared to control groups. The antioxidant metabolite glutathione diminished during both DHEA treatments. In summary, the data presented here suggest that DHEA treatment during early pregnancy modulates the ovarian function and is responsible for embryonic resorption with different degrees depending on when it is administered.Fil: Sander, Valeria Analía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; ArgentinaFil: Solano, Maria Emilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; ArgentinaFil: Elia, Evelin Mariel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; ArgentinaFil: Luchetti, Carolina Griselda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; ArgentinaFil: Di Girolamo, Guillermo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Cátedra de Farmacología; ArgentinaFil: Gonzalez, Claudio. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Cátedra de Farmacología; ArgentinaFil: Motta, Alicia Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; Argentin

Ciencia Odontológica

Es para los integrantes de la Red de Investigación en Estomatología (RIE) una enorme alegría presentar el primero de una serie de 5 libros sobre casos clínicos, revisiones de la literatura e investigaciones. La RIE está integrada por cuerpos académicos de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche y Universidad de Guadalajara

Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010

Background Measuring disease and injury burden in populations requires a composite metric that captures both premature mortality and the prevalence and severity of ill-health. The 1990 Global Burden of Disease study proposed disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) to measure disease burden. No comprehensive update of disease burden worldwide incorporating a systematic reassessment of disease and injury-specific epidemiology has been done since the 1990 study. We aimed to calculate disease burden worldwide and for 21 regions for 1990, 2005, and 2010 with methods to enable meaningful comparisons over time. Methods We calculated DALYs as the sum of years of life lost (YLLs) and years lived with disability (YLDs). DALYs were calculated for 291 causes, 20 age groups, both sexes, and for 187 countries, and aggregated to regional and global estimates of disease burden for three points in time with strictly comparable definitions and methods. YLLs were calculated from age-sex-country-time-specific estimates of mortality by cause, with death by standardised lost life expectancy at each age. YLDs were calculated as prevalence of 1160 disabling sequelae, by age, sex, and cause, and weighted by new disability weights for each health state. Neither YLLs nor YLDs were age-weighted or discounted. Uncertainty around cause-specific DALYs was calculated incorporating uncertainty in levels of all-cause mortality, cause-specific mortality, prevalence, and disability weights. Findings Global DALYs remained stable from 1990 (2.503 billion) to 2010 (2.490 billion). Crude DALYs per 1000 decreased by 23% (472 per 1000 to 361 per 1000). An important shift has occurred in DALY composition with the contribution of deaths and disability among children (younger than 5 years of age) declining from 41% of global DALYs in 1990 to 25% in 2010. YLLs typically account for about half of disease burden in more developed regions (high-income Asia Pacific, western Europe, high-income North America, and Australasia), rising to over 80% of DALYs in sub-Saharan Africa. In 1990, 47% of DALYs worldwide were from communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders, 43% from non-communicable diseases, and 10% from injuries. By 2010, this had shifted to 35%, 54%, and 11%, respectively. Ischaemic heart disease was the leading cause of DALYs worldwide in 2010 (up from fourth rank in 1990, increasing by 29%), followed by lower respiratory infections (top rank in 1990; 44% decline in DALYs), stroke (fifth in 1990; 19% increase), diarrhoeal diseases (second in 1990; 51% decrease), and HIV/AIDS (33rd in 1990; 351% increase). Major depressive disorder increased from 15th to 11th rank (37% increase) and road injury from 12th to 10th rank (34% increase). Substantial heterogeneity exists in rankings of leading causes of disease burden among regions. Interpretation Global disease burden has continued to shift away from communicable to non-communicable diseases and from premature death to years lived with disability. In sub-Saharan Africa, however, many communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders remain the dominant causes of disease burden. The rising burden from mental and behavioural disorders, musculoskeletal disorders, and diabetes will impose new challenges on health systems. Regional heterogeneity highlights the importance of understanding local burden of disease and setting goals and targets for the post-2015 agenda taking such patterns into account. Because of improved definitions, methods, and data, these results for 1990 and 2010 supersede all previously published Global Burden of Disease results

Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010:a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010

BACKGROUND: Non-fatal health outcomes from diseases and injuries are a crucial consideration in the promotion and monitoring of individual and population health. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) studies done in 1990 and 2000 have been the only studies to quantify non-fatal health outcomes across an exhaustive set of disorders at the global and regional level. Neither effort quantified uncertainty in prevalence or years lived with disability (YLDs).METHODS: Of the 291 diseases and injuries in the GBD cause list, 289 cause disability. For 1160 sequelae of the 289 diseases and injuries, we undertook a systematic analysis of prevalence, incidence, remission, duration, and excess mortality. Sources included published studies, case notification, population-based cancer registries, other disease registries, antenatal clinic serosurveillance, hospital discharge data, ambulatory care data, household surveys, other surveys, and cohort studies. For most sequelae, we used a Bayesian meta-regression method, DisMod-MR, designed to address key limitations in descriptive epidemiological data, including missing data, inconsistency, and large methodological variation between data sources. For some disorders, we used natural history models, geospatial models, back-calculation models (models calculating incidence from population mortality rates and case fatality), or registration completeness models (models adjusting for incomplete registration with health-system access and other covariates). Disability weights for 220 unique health states were used to capture the severity of health loss. YLDs by cause at age, sex, country, and year levels were adjusted for comorbidity with simulation methods. We included uncertainty estimates at all stages of the analysis.FINDINGS: Global prevalence for all ages combined in 2010 across the 1160 sequelae ranged from fewer than one case per 1 million people to 350,000 cases per 1 million people. Prevalence and severity of health loss were weakly correlated (correlation coefficient -0·37). In 2010, there were 777 million YLDs from all causes, up from 583 million in 1990. The main contributors to global YLDs were mental and behavioural disorders, musculoskeletal disorders, and diabetes or endocrine diseases. The leading specific causes of YLDs were much the same in 2010 as they were in 1990: low back pain, major depressive disorder, iron-deficiency anaemia, neck pain, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, anxiety disorders, migraine, diabetes, and falls. Age-specific prevalence of YLDs increased with age in all regions and has decreased slightly from 1990 to 2010. Regional patterns of the leading causes of YLDs were more similar compared with years of life lost due to premature mortality. Neglected tropical diseases, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, and anaemia were important causes of YLDs in sub-Saharan Africa.INTERPRETATION: Rates of YLDs per 100,000 people have remained largely constant over time but rise steadily with age. Population growth and ageing have increased YLD numbers and crude rates over the past two decades. Prevalences of the most common causes of YLDs, such as mental and behavioural disorders and musculoskeletal disorders, have not decreased. Health systems will need to address the needs of the rising numbers of individuals with a range of disorders that largely cause disability but not mortality. Quantification of the burden of non-fatal health outcomes will be crucial to understand how well health systems are responding to these challenges. Effective and affordable strategies to deal with this rising burden are an urgent priority for health systems in most parts of the world.FUNDING: Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Foundation.</p