Mortalidade por acidentes motociclísticos: Estudo comparativo entre Santa Catarina e Brasil

Introdução e Objetivos:  Descrever e comparar a mortalidade por acidentes motociclísticos entre Santa Catarina e Brasil, buscar explicações para as tendências de crescimento da mortalidade por acidentes motociclísticos e evidenciar fatores associados ao risco de mortalidade em motociclistas. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, exploratório, do tipo série histórica comparativa, sobre mortalidade por acidentes motociclísticos em Santa Catarina e no Brasil entre 2008 e 2014, baseado em revisão de dados secundários do DATASUS. Resultados e Discussão: Na série histórica estudada a média das taxas de mortalidade por acidentes motociclísticos foi de 5,6/100.000 habitantes no Brasil e 8,7/100.000 habitantes em Santa Catarina. No Brasil houve uma tendência de crescimento maior da taxa específica de mortalidade em relação a Santa Catarina, com média de 0,27/100.000 habitantes por ano. A razão de óbitos por frota apresentou queda de 12,6% em Santa Catarina e 23,3% no Brasil. A distribuição dos óbitos de motociclistas segundo sexo, faixa etária e escolaridade apresentou distribuições semelhantes em Santa Catarina e no Brasil e verificou-se que homens jovens com até 7 anos de escolaridade são a população com maior chance de sofrer um acidente motociclístico que resulte em morte. Conclusão: Em Santa Catarina, o trânsito é mais perigoso para o motociclista, o que foi evidenciado através das taxas de mortalidade específicas por acidentes motociclísticos e das razões de óbitos por frota superiores às do Brasil. Este estudo demonstra a necessidade de ações para a diminuição dos acidentes motociclísticos

GREEN FORAGE FIBROUS FRACTIONS AND THREE PEARL MILLET GENOTYPES SILAGE [Pennisetum glaucum (L). R. BR.] IN DIFFERENT FERMENTATION PERIODS

It was determined the fibrous fraction (NDF, ADF, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) in green forage and pearl millet silages (CMS-1, BRS-1501 and BN-2). The genotypes were planted at Embrapa Milho e Sorgo, ensiled in PVC laboratory silos and evaluated after one, three, five, seven, 14, 28 and 56 days. NDF values ranged from 46.96 to 62.43% and ADF from 27.86 to 34.56%. Hemicellulose contents in green forage were significantly lower than in silages after 56 days ensiling. The NDF, ADF, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin mean values in green forages and silages after 56 days of fermentation were 60.76 and 51.8%, 33.58 and 31.54%, 29.25 and 27.66%, 27.18 and 20.26%; 4.33 and 3.89%, respectively. The NDF and ADF average values found in this work were lower than those reported in other studies. The hemicellulose fraction contributed as an additional subtract source to the fermentation process. BRS-1501 genotype showed the lower NDF and ADF contents

Quantitative phase analysis of iron ore concentrates.

A quantificação de goetita, magnetita, martita e especularita em minérios de ferro foi realizada através de uma combinação de análises químicas e difração de raios X. Observou-se que a intensidade do pico de difração (111) da goetita é constante para uma determinada amostra, se o mesmo porta-amostras é utilizado. Curvas de calibração com um comportamento linear foram obtidas usando-se as áreas do pico (111) e as quantidades de goetita obtidas através da espectroscopia Mössbauer e microscopia ótica. Além disso, a largura integral do pico (012) da hematita aumenta linearmente com o aumento da quantidade de martita, permitindo, assim, uma estimativa dos teores de martita e especularita.The quantification of goethite, magnetite, martite and specularite in iron ores was successfully achieved by a combination of wet chemical analysis and x-ray diffraction. It was found that the intensity of the goethite (111) peak is constant for a certain sample provided that the same sample holder is used. Calibration curves with a linear behavior have been derived using the areas of the above mentioned peak and the amounts of goethite obtained by Mössbauer spectroscopy and optical microscopy. In addition, the integral width of the hematite (012) line broadens linearly as the amount of martite increases, thus allowing an estimation of the amounts of martite and specularite

QUALITY AND NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF SILAGES OF THREE SORGHUM (Sorghum bicolor L.) HYBRIDS HARVESTED IN DIFFERENT MATURATION STAGES

Two dry stem intermediate height sorghum hybrids and a moist stem high height hybrid were ensiled in eight growing stages after bloom. Twenty four treatments were made with three repetitions each, being the three hybrids (AG2006 and BR700 – dry stem, and BR601 moist stem) ensiled in eight growing stages. Silages were evaluated for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), DM losses, silage density, pH, ammoniacal nitrogen (N-NH3), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin, IVDMD and total phenols percentages. SNK test was used with a 3 x 8 random factorial design. DM production increased until fifth stage. DM values increased with growth and the best level occurred between 21st and 28th days after bloom. CP and fibrous fractions were reduced with growth. pH, N-NH3 and DM losses were low for all silages. Hybrids lignin and IVDMD varied in erratic ways. Silages were evaluated by Prussian blue assay to total phenols and tannins were detected in all of them. There were no negative correlations between tannins and IVDMD. AG2006 was better than the others two hybrids for some features, and IVDM of BR601, a forage sorghum, was better than BR700, an intermediate height sorghum

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND PROFILE OF FERMENTATION OF THE SILAGES OF FIVE SORGHUM HYBRIDS (Sorghum bicolor x Sorghum sudanense)

Five hybrids of Sorghum bicolor x Sorghum sudanense were analyzed asgreen forage (P0) and silage with 7 (P1), 14 (P2), 28 (P3) and 56 (P4) days after ensiling. The hybrids were cultivated at CNPMS/EMBRAPA and ensiled 60 days after planting, in PVC silos, with four repetitions per period. There were determinations of dry matter (DM), pH values and contents of alcohol soluble carbohydrates (CHO’s), crude protein (CP), amoniacal nitrogen (N-NH3/NT), coefficients of IVDMD and cell wall components. A randomized sample design was used in a 5 x 5 factorial arrangement. The analyzed materials showed low DM and CP contents and IVDDM coefficients. All hybrids had similar values for fiber ration. An increase of total phenol contents with ensiling was observed, and those showed negative correlation with IVDDM. It was concluded that DM contents of the studied ensilages were unsatisfactory but, despite the high humidity, the ensilages presented good fermentative standards. As for the quality of the voluminous one, the ensilages were considered of average quality due to the low CP content

Soil ecosystem services in Amazonian pioneer fronts: Searching for socioeconomic, landscape and biodiversity déterminants

International audienceIn two Amazonian regions of Brazil and Colombia that represent most of the diversity of the pioneer front landscapes, we searched for relationships among socioeconomic environments, landscape composition and structure, biodiversity, and production of goods and ecosystem services. An original sampling protocol was applied to collect fully compatible socioeconomic, landscape, agronomic and ecological datasets allowing rigorous statistical analyses. In each country, 153 farms belonging to three different kinds of land use and practices were characterized on the basis of socioeconomic and landscape variables. Biodiversity, goods and ecosystem services were measured on a selection of 27 (26 in Colombia) farms most representative of the whole diversity in each country. Among the groups chosen for biodiversity survey, plants, earthworms, termites and ants were major ecosystem engineers that play a critical role in the provision of goods (agrosilvipastoral products) and ecosystem services (ES). The investigated ES were climate regulation through carbon sequestration in soil and biomass, soil conservation and water cycle regulation through infiltration, and finally indices of soil quality. Covariations among the different sets of variables assessed by multiple co-inertia analysis were highly significant. Significance of these results are discussed

Soil ecosystem services in Amazonian pioneer fronts: Searching for socioeconomic, landscape and biodiversity déterminants

In two Amazonian regions of Brazil and Colombia that represent most of the diversity of the pioneer front landscapes, we searched for relationships among socioeconomic environments, landscape composition and structure, biodiversity, and production of goods and ecosystem services. An original sampling protocol was applied to collect fully compatible socioeconomic, landscape, agronomic and ecological datasets allowing rigorous statistical analyses. In each country, 153 farms belonging to three different kinds of land use and practices were characterized on the basis of socioeconomic and landscape variables. Biodiversity, goods and ecosystem services were measured on a selection of 27 (26 in Colombia) farms most representative of the whole diversity in each country. Among the groups chosen for biodiversity survey, plants, earthworms, termites and ants were major ecosystem engineers that play a critical role in the provision of goods (agrosilvipastoral products) and ecosystem services (ES). The investigated ES were climate regulation through carbon sequestration in soil and biomass, soil conservation and water cycle regulation through infiltration, and finally indices of soil quality. Covariations among the different sets of variables assessed by multiple co-inertia analysis were highly significant. Significance of these results are discussed