El enfoque de los sistemas dinámicos en el aprendizaje del bote en baloncesto en un contexto escolar

En este articulo tratamos de demostrar la teoría de los sistemas dinámicos. Se realizó un diseno cuasiexperimental con dos grupos intactos no equivalentes. Grupo experimental (GE):25, grupo de control (GC):20, con medidas pretest y postest. La variable independiente fue la utilización de unas gafas limitadoras de visión. La variable dependiente fue el tiempo mínimo en la ejecución de test de habilidad en el bote. La unidad didáctica de 7 sesiones era de fundamentos técnicos en baloncesto. Los resultados muestran como se han producido mejoras muy significativas (p-0,001) en el test de bote en zig-zag en el GE, aunque tambien existen mejoras en el grupo de control utilizando un modelo de nsenanza-aprendizaje convencional en EF.This paper attempts to demonstrate the theory of dynamic systems. A quasi-experimental design with two intact, non-equivalent groups was drawn up: an experimental group (EG):25 and a control group (CG): 20; including pre and post-test measurements. The independent variable used was vision-limiting glasses. The dependent variable was the minimum time for performing a dribbling-skills test. The didactic unit of 7 sessions focused on basic basketball techniques. The results measure the EG very significant improvements (p < 0,001) in the zigzag dribbling test, although improvements in the control group using a conventional PE teaching-learning model also existed

Evolució de les tendències professionals del titulat en Educació Física i en Ciències de l’Activitat física i de l’Esport des del 1975 fins a l’actualitat

En aquest article exposem com han evolucionat les tendències i sortides professionals dels professionals de l’Educació Física a partir dels estudis dels diferents autors que han intentat d’aportar una visió sobre la qüestió. Des del primer estudi de Mestre (1975), fins a l’actualitat, han sorgit diferents investigacions en aquest camp, que han analitzat el perfil professional en base a les demandes laborals, tot finalitzant en les aportacions de l’European Network of Sport Sciences Institutes (1999). A manera de conclusió i després de l’exposició efectuada, s’han elaborat unes directrius sobre les línies futures que regiran el camp laboral en la nostra professió; en destaquem la inexistència de regulació professional i la transcendència que ha adquirit en els nostres dies la pràctica de l’esport, cosa que aconsella i justifica plenament la necessitat d’una regulació completa i sistemàtica, amb el rang normatiu exigit per l’article 36 de la norma constitucional

Evolución de las tendencias profesionales del titulado en educación física y en ciencias de la actividad física y del deporte desde 1975 hasta la actualidad

En este artículo exponemos como han evolucionado las tendencias y salidas profesionales de los profesionales de la educación física desde los estudios de los diferentes autores que han intentado aportar una visión sobre la cuestión. Desde el primer estudio de Mestre (1975), hasta la actualidad, han surgido diferentes investigaciones en este campo, que han analizado el perfil profesional en base a las demandas laborables, finalizando en las aportaciones del European Network of Sport Sciences Institutes (1999). A modo de conclusión y tras la exposición efectuada, se han elaborado unas directrices acerca de las líneas futuras que regirán el campo laboral en nuestra profesión de las que destacamos la inexistencia de regulación profesional y la trascendencia que ha adquirido en nuestros días la práctica del deporte, que aconsejan y justifican plenamente la necesidad de una regulación completa y sistemática con el rango normativo exigido por el art. 36 de la norma constitucional

COMPARISON BETWEEN PLYOMETRIC AND ISOKINETIC TRAINING DURING THREE WEEKS ON ISOKINETIC STRENGTH IN SPORT SCIENCES STUDENTS

The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of 3 weeks of isokinetic training vs plyometric training of the knee flexors and extensors on isokinetic strength. Twenty four students volunteered to participate, divided into 3 groups: one group performed the isokinetic exercises; a second group performed consecutive jumps, and a third was a control group. The knee extensor and flexor muscle peak torque, total work and average power of each leg were concentrically measured at 300º·s-1 using a Biodex System 3 isokinetic dynamometer. The results indicated that the concentric isokinetic training resulted in increase peak torque. ANOVA analysis between the three groups revealed statistical differences for peak torque (

Influence of Shoe Mass on Performance and Running Economy in Trained Runners

Purpose The aim of this study was to assess the effects of adding shoe mass on running economy (RE), gait characteristics, neuromuscular variables and performance in a group of trained runners. Methods Eleven trained runners (6 men and 5 women) completed four evaluation sessions separated by at least 7 days. The first session consisted of a maximal incremental test where the second ventilatory threshold (VT2) and the speed associated to the VO2max(vVO(2max)) were calculated. In the next sessions, RE at 75, 85, and 95% of the VT(2)and the time to exhaustion (TTE) at vVO(2max)were assessed in three different shoe mass conditions (control, +50 g and +100 g) in a randomized, counterbalanced crossover design. Biomechanical and neuromuscular variables, blood lactate and energy expenditure were measured during the TTE test. Results RE worsened with the increment of shoe mass (Control vs. 100 g) at 85% (7.40%, 4.409 +/- 0.29 and 4.735 +/- 0.27 kJ.kg(-1).km(-1),p= 0.021) and 95% (10.21%, 4.298 +/- 0.24 and 4.737 +/- 0.45 kJ.kg(-1).km(-1),p= 0.005) of VT2. HR significantly increased with the addition of mass (50 g) at 75% of VT2(p= 0.01) and at 75, 85, and 95% of VT2(p= 0.035, 0.03, and 0.03, respectively) with the addition of 100 g. TTE was significantly longer (similar to 22%, similar to 42 s,p= 0.002,ES= 0.149) in the Control condition vs. 100 g condition, but not between Control vs. 50 g (similar to 24 s,p= 0.094,ES= 0.068). Conclusion Overall, our findings suggest that adding 100 g per shoe impairs running economy and performance in trained runners without changes in gait characteristics or neuromuscular variables. These findings further support the use of light footwear to optimize running performance

Changes in body composition after an ultra-endurance event of 1700 km on mountain bike

El estudio de los cambios en la composición corporal en pruebas de resistencia se ha limitado en la mayoría de los casos al estudio de las pérdidas de peso corporal. El presente estudio pretende analizar los cambios producidos en la composición corporal (agua, proteínas, minerales, grasa, y músculo) producidos después de realizar una prueba de 1.700 Km en bicicleta de montaña cruzando África de este a oeste. Se analizaron 5 sujetos (73,3±10,2 kg, 170±0,1 cm, 51,2±6,9 años) antes y después de realizar una prueba de ultrarresistencia en bicicleta de montaña de 1.700 km durante 17 días (100-110 km por etapa). Se analizaron los siguientes parámetros: Masa Agua Intracelular, Masa Agua Extracelular, Proteínas, Masa Mineral, Masa Grasa Corporal, Agua Corporal Total, Masa Músculo Esquelético, Masa Libre de Grasa, Peso y Área Grasa Visceral mediante bioimpedancia eléctrica (BIA) con el analizador INBODY 720. Los resultados muestran una disminución no significativa de los parámetros de peso corporal y masa grasa, una disminución significativa en el área de grasa visceral (p>0,05). El resto de parámetros se mantuvieron en valores cercanos a la toma inicial. En conclusión este tipo de pruebas de ultrarresistencia únicamente afecta a los parámetros de grasa visceral, manteniendo el resto de variables de composición corporal sin cambios significativos.Actividad Física y Deport

Swimming World Championships:Association between success at junior and senior level for British swimmers

The present study examines the association between the success at junior and senior level for British swimmers in World Championships (WCs). It also explores the relationships between swimming performance and the swimmers’ gender, swim stroke, distance, status (finalist, semifinalist and heats) and swimming category. Data were collected for swimmers participating in junior and/or senior World Championships (29,000 entries: 5585 swimmers) from 2006–2017. The final filtered database included only swimmers from the United Kingdom (836 entries: 141 swimmers). A descriptive analysis was made to characterize the swimmers who reached elite status in the senior category. A lineal regression model was run by gender to predict the influence of category, swim stroke, and distance in the results reached in the senior category. The results showed that the ratio of conversion from junior to senior was quite low. Females who participated in both junior and senior WCs were likely to reach top positions in the senior category. Overall, few British swimmers participated in a junior category before the senior level, but female swimmers participating in both junior and senior WCs were likely to reach top positions in the senior category.post-print335 K

Influence of advanced shoe technology on the top 100 annual performances in men's marathon from 2015 to 2019.

[EN]The NIKE Vaporfly shoe was introduced in May 2017 as part of the original #Breaking2 Project (an event aimed to run the first marathon under 2h). This new advanced shoe technology (NAST) changed the footwear design conception. The aim of this study was (i) to analyse the effect of NAST in men's marathon performance, (ii) to analyse whether the changes in the environmental constraints (temperature and wind) and orography of the marathons, age and birthplace of the runners has changed from 2015 to 2019 and (iii) to analyse the impact of NAST on the historical 50 best performances. Data from top-100 men's marathon performances were collected in that timeframe. The shoes used by the athletes were identified (in 91.8% of the cases) by publicly available photographs. External and environmental conditions of each marathon and age and birthplace of the runners were also analysed. Marathon performances improved from 2017 onwards between 0.75 and 1.50% compared to 2015 and 2016 (p<0.05). In addition, the improvement was greater in the upper deciles than in the lower ones (p<0.001). Runners wearing NAST ran~1% faster in marathon compared to runners that did not use it (p<0.001). When conducting an individual analysis of athletes who ran with and without NAST, 72.5% of the athletes who completed a marathon wearing NAST improved their performance by 0.68% (p<0.01). External and environmental conditions, age or birthplace of runners seems not to have influenced this performance improvement. NAST has had a clear impact on marathon performance unchanged in the environmental constraints (temperature and wind), orography, age, and birthplace of the runners but with differences between venues.This work was financed by groups grants from the University of Castilla-La Mancha and co-financed by the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund. Research Group: Grupo de Investigación Rendimiento Deportivo (GIRD)