Evaluation of the SIOP model and its benefits in teaching process of the science subject

The demands of the modern world have required our country to prepare itself in education. In Panama, some laws have been created aimed at bilingual education. Thus, preparing educators in techniques to teach the English language, Panamá promises to have a bilingual population very soon. For this, the teachers have prepared themselves in the good use of the SIOP® model to satisfy the requirements of the students, who only speak Spanish, and make the learning of the language and contents easy and fun. As a result, children and young people are expected to develop the four linguistic skills, listening, speaking, reading and writing. The main purpose of this research is to evaluate the SIOP® model and its benefits in the children of a school in Panamanian context. In this school, teachers have training in the implementation of SIOP® model.The demands of the modern world have required our country to prepare itself in education. In Panama, some laws have been created aimed at bilingual education. Thus, preparing educators in techniques to teach the English language, Panamá promises to have a bilingual population very soon. For this, the teachers have prepared themselves in the good use of the SIOP® model to satisfy the requirements of the students, who only speak Spanish, and make the learning of the language and contents easy and fun. As a result, children and young people are expected to develop the four linguistic skills, listening, speaking, reading and writing. The main purpose of this research is to evaluate the SIOP® model and its benefits in the children of a school in Panamanian context. In this school, teachers have training in the implementation of SIOP® model

Endocytosis and Signaling A Relationship under Development

AbstractThe ability to internalize macromolecules by endocytosis is a property of all eukaryotic cells. Frontline research on endocytosis has been presented in a successful series of biannual meetings in Europe. This year's meeting on “Membrane Dynamics in Endocytosis” was held September 13–18 in Acquafredda di Maratea, on the coast of southern Italy. Four key questions were addressed: What are the molecular mechanisms of endocytic membrane trafficking? How does endocytosis modulate receptor signaling and vice versa? What is the importance of endocytosis during development? How do endocytic organelles contribute to immunity or susceptibility to pathogens

Precision of the Dpp gradient

Morphogen concentration gradients provide positional information by activating target genes in a concentration-dependent manner. Recent reports show that the gradient of the syncytial morphogen Bicoid seems to provide precise positional information to determine target gene domains. For secreted morphogenetic ligands, the precision of the gradients, the signal transduction and the reliability of target gene expression domains have not been studied. Here we investigate these issues for the TGF-β-type morphogen Dpp. We first studied theoretically how cell-to-cell variability in the source, the target tissue, or both, contribute to the variations of the gradient. Fluctuations in the source and target generate a local maximum of precision at a finite distance to the source. We then determined experimentally in the wing epithelium: (1) the precision of the Dpp concentration gradient; (2) the precision of the Dpp signaling activity profile; and (3) the precision of activation of the Dpp target gene spalt. As captured by our theoretical description, the Dpp gradient provides positional information with a maximal precision a few cells away from the source. This maximal precision corresponds to a positional uncertainly of about a single cell diameter. The precision of the Dpp gradient accounts for the precision of the spalt expression range, implying that Dpp can act as a morphogen to coarsely determine the expression pattern of target genes

Critical Point in Self-Organized Tissue Growth

We present a theory of pattern formation in growing domains inspired by biological examples of tissue development. Gradients of signaling molecules regulate growth, while growth changes these graded chemical patterns by dilution and advection. We identify a critical point of this feedback dynamics, which is characterized by spatially homogeneous growth and proportional scaling of patterns with tissue length. We apply this theory to the biological model system of the developing wing of the fruit fly \textit{Drosophila melanogaster} and quantitatively identify signatures of the critical point.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure

Propuesta de proyecto arquitectónico bioclimático para la Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana 5a unidad, ubicada en Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, clima cálido semi-húmedo

109 páginas. Especialización en Arquitectura Bioclimática.El presente proyecto propone como ejercicio escolar, el diseño bioclimático de una nueva unidad de la Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana localizada en Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas. La Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana tiene como principios básicos la transmisión, generación y preservación del conocimiento en el marco de pluralismo, respeto y equidad. Orienta sus capacidades a resolver las grandes carencias de nuestro país y a construir una sociedad más justa y democrática. Con estos principios, el crecimiento y la expansión de la UAM es algo deseable para la sociedad en su conjunto. Así este año abre sus puertas la nueva unidad en Cuajimalpa. El presente diseño utiliza el terreno (planimetría y altimetría) de la nueva unidad en Cuajimalpa pero ubicándolo en la Ciudad de Tuxtla, con sus características, climáticas, ambientales y culturales del sitio. Tuxtla Gutiérrez capital del estado de Chiapas es una ciudad en expansión con importantes empujes urbanos. Es fundamental incrementar el equipamiento urbano. El crecimiento urbano debe ser planeado en base a una visión ambiental para lograr mejor calidad de vida y sustentabilidad de la ciudad. El equipamiento del tamaño que se plantea puede generar un gran impacto urbano y ambiental. Si el proyecto se plantea en términos sustentables se pueden mitigar los daños y puede ser punta de lanza para futuras construcciones

Role of Drosophila Rab5 during endosomal trafficking at the synapse and evoked neurotransmitter release

During constitutive endocytosis, internalized membrane traffics through endosomal compartments. At synapses, endocytosis of vesicular membrane is temporally coupled to action potential–induced exocytosis of synaptic vesicles. Endocytosed membrane may immediately be reused for a new round of neurotransmitter release without trafficking through an endosomal compartment. Using GFP-tagged endosomal markers, we monitored an endosomal compartment in Drosophila neuromuscular synapses. We showed that in conditions in which the synaptic vesicles pool is depleted, the endosome is also drastically reduced and only recovers from membrane derived by dynamin-mediated endocytosis. This suggests that membrane exchange takes place between the vesicle pool and the synaptic endosome. We demonstrate that the small GTPase Rab5 is required for endosome integrity in the presynaptic terminal. Impaired Rab5 function affects endo- and exocytosis rates and decreases the evoked neurotransmitter release probability. Conversely, Rab5 overexpression increases the release efficacy. Therefore, the Rab5-dependent trafficking pathway plays an important role for synaptic performance

Quantification of growth asymmetries in developing epithelia

Many developmental processes of multicellular organisms involve the patterning and growth of two-dimensional tissues, so called epithelia. We have quantified the growth of the wing imaginal disk, which is the precursor of the adult wing, of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. We find that growth follows a simple rule with exponentially decreasing area growth rate. Anisotropies of growth can be precisely determined by comparing experimental results to a continuum theory. Growth anisotropies are to good approximation constant in space and time. They are weak in wild-type wing disks but threefold increased in GFP-Dpp disks in which the morphogen Dpp is overexpressed. Our findings indicate that morphogens such as Dpp control tissue shape via oriented cell divisions that generate anisotropic growt