Consideraciones sobre la dinámica geomorfológica actual de laderas semiáridas de la Depresión del Ebro: el caso de la Val de las Lenas (término municipal de María de Huerva, Zaragoza, España)

[Resumen] En este trabajo se realiza una aproximación al funcionamiento geomorfológico actual de las vales del semiárido aragonés. Las investigaciones contemplan sucesivas aproximaciones, en las que se analizarán: (1) la evolución de humedad en el suelo en diferentes profundidades y posiciones de ladera, (2) las variaciones de la textura del depósito y (3) la simulación de lluvia. Los resultados indican la posible existencia de un funcionamiento hidrológico dislocado a lo largo de la ladera entre el talud superior y los niveles basales. A lo largo del relleno, además, la franja superior parece depender hidrológicamente de su proximidad al talud rocoso adyacente (funcionamiento alóctono), mientras que el depósito de val parece comportarse hidrológicmente de manera autóctona. Entre las partes altas y bajas del relleno de val se aprecia una inversión de las condiciones hídricas que definen su potencial biológico, cuyo reparto espacial es inverso al esperado.[Abstract] We have studied the geomorphological behaviour of slope in a semiarid landscape (NE inland Spain). The approach have been done by the analysis of soil water evolution, particle size analysis and rainfall simulation from top to bottom of slope. Results suggest the posibility of hidrological compartimentation between upper free face and talus; talus is not homogeneous, and there exist a strip in the contact zone with upper free face which change the hidrological regime from upper to lower part of talus

Shape and kinematics of elliptical galaxies: evolution due to merging at z < 1.5

[EN]Aims. We investigate the evolution in the shape and kinematics of elliptical galaxies in a cosmological framework. Methods. We identified relaxed, elliptical-like objects (ELOs) at redshifts z = 0, z = 0.5, z = 1 and z = 1.5 within a set of hydrodynamic, self-consistent simulations completed for a concordance cosmological model. Results. The population of elliptical systems that we analysed evolve systematically with time becoming rounder in general by z = 0 and also more velocity dispersion supported. We found that this is due primarily to major dry mergers where only a modest amount of angular momentum is involved in the merger event. Despite the general trend, in a significant number of cases the merger event involves a relatively high amount of specific angular momentum, which causes the system in general to acquire higher rotational support and/or a more oblate shape. These evolutionary patterns persist when we study our systems in projection, in simulating true observations, and thus should be evident in future observations.Peer reviewe

El gasto sanitario en España en comparación con el de la Europa desarrollada, 1985–2001. La atención primaria española, Cenicienta europea

ObjetivoDescribir la evolución de la distribución de fondos en nuestro sistema sanitario desde el inicio de la reforma de atención primaria hasta 2001, en comparación con la de los países europeos de la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico (OCDE)DiseñoEstudio descriptivo longitudinal y retrospectivoEmplazamientoPaíses de la OCDEParticipantesPaíses europeos de la OCDEMedicionesSe utilizan datos de la base Health Data 2003 (OCDE) referidos al período 1985–2001 respecto a variables de gasto sanitario por sectores y de renta. Se comparan los datos españoles con los del conjunto de los 22 países europeos de la OCDEResultadosEuropa aumentó el gasto ambulatorio público, tanto como porcentaje del gasto sanitario público como del producto interior bruto (PIB). España redujo el gasto ambulatorio público en ambos sentidos. Nuestro gasto hospitalario público recuperó gran parte del retraso respecto a Europa y desde 1995 se encuentra, como parte del PIB, en la media europea y, en términos per cápita, acorde con nuestra renta. Sin embargo, nuestro gasto ambulatorio público como parte del PIB es muy inferior al promedio europeo y, per capita, muy inferior a nuestra renta. Nuestro gasto ambulatorio privado es de los más altos de Europa y, en relación con ella, muy superior a nuestra renta, al contrario que su homónimo público. Nuestro gasto privado hospitalario es de los más bajos de Europa y, en relación con ella, muy inferior a nuestra rentaConclusionesRespecto a los recursos públicos comprometidos, la reforma de la atención primaria española no ha servido para aproximarla a Europa, tal y como sí lo ha hecho nuestro nivel hospitalario. La distancia entre España y Europa en el esfuerzo público ambulatorio es incluso mayor que la que había al inicio de la reformaObjetiveTo describe the evolution of the funds distribution in our health care system since the start of the primary care reform to 2001, in comparison with the European countries members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation andDevelopment (OECD)DesignA longitudinal descriptive and retrospective studyParticipantsEuropean countries members of the OECDSettingCountries members of the OECDMethodsThe data come from the OECD database Health Data 2003. The data refer to period 1985–2001, and to a group of variables of health care expenditure by sectors and of income (Gross Domestic Product [GDP] per capita). We compare Spanish data series with those of the group of 22 European members countries of the OECDResultsEurope increased public expenditure on outpatient care both as a percentage of public health care expenditure and as a percentage of GDP. Spain reduced public expenditure on outpatient care in both senses. Spanish publicexpenditure on in-patient care reduced a great partof its difference with Europe so that since 1995 it isfound, as a percentage of GDP, in the Europeanaverage and, as per capita, it is according with theSpanish income. In contrast, public expenditure onout-patient care as a percentage of GDP in Spain isvery much lower than the European average and, asper capita, is very much lower than the Spanishincome. The Spanish private expenditure on outpatient is found among the highest in Europe and, compared with Europe, exceeds very much Spanish income, in contrast with his homonymous public. The Spanish private expenditure on in-patient care is found among the lowest in Europe and, compared with Europe, is very much lower than Spanish income levelConclusionsWith respect to public resources assigned, the reform of primary care in Spain has not been useful to approach Spanish primary health care level to Europe, in contrast with the Spanish hospital level. The difference between Spain and Europe in public expenditure on out-patient care as a percentage of GDP is, even, bigger than the one there was when the reform of Spanish primary care starte

Seagrass debris as potential food source to enhance Holothuria arguinensis' growth in aquaculture

Holothuria arguinensis aquaculture started to be developed in 2014, being the first sea cucumber species from Europe. However, some aspects of its aquaculture biotechnology, such diets, need to be assessed. This work aimed to evaluate seagrass debris of Zostera noltii and Cymodocea nodosa as food source for broodstock maintenance in tanks, during breeding periods. The given feed rations per tank were calculated as the 30% of the total sea cucumber biomass in each tank and reviewed each week. Then, feed rations of seagrass and sediment were calculated from this value, according to the following percentages: 40% sediment, 15% Z. noltii, 40% Z. noltii, 15% C. nodosa and 40% C. nodosa. H. arguinensis growth, feeding rate and nutritional value were assessed under these diets. H. arguinensis fed with 40% of Z. noltii showed the highest growth (specific growth rate = 0.09 +/- 0.06%/day, absolute growth rate = 0.11 +/- 0.07 g/day) increasing their final weight in 5.86 +/- 3.57% in 57 days. However, the individuals fed with C. nodosa showed a negative growth. H. arguinensis showed a reduction in its feeding rate as the organic matter content in the diets increased. H. arguinensis did not show any important change on proximate composition, protein, lipid, mineral contents and fatty acids profile among the feeding groups, or in comparison with the individuals collected from wild habitat. Therefore, H. arguinensis could be fed with Z. noltii debris during tanks maintenance along breeding period, ensuring its growth and maintaining its nutritional profile.Fundacao para a Ciencia e a TecnologiaPortuguese Foundation for Science and TechnologyEuropean Commission [CCMAR/SC/BI/02/2016, FRH/BD/105541/2014, IF/00049/2012, IF/00998/2014, PTDC/MAR-BIO/5948/2014, PTDC/MAR/119363/2010, SFRH/BPD/70689/2010]http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

IberWQ: A GPU Accelerated Tool for 2D Water Quality Modeling in Rivers and Estuaries

Este artigo inclúese no número especial "Modelling Flow, Water Quality, and Sediment Transport Processes in Coastal, Estuarine, and Inland Waters"[Abstract] Numerical models are useful tools to analyze water quality by computing the concentration of physical, chemical and biological parameters. The present work introduces a two-dimensional depth-averaged model that computes the most relevant and frequent parameters used to evaluate water quality. High performance computing (HPC) techniques based on graphic processing unit (GPU) parallelization have been applied to improve the efficiency of the package, providing speed-ups of two orders of magnitude in a standard PC. Several test cases were analyzed to show the capabilities and efficiency of the model to evaluate the environmental status of rivers and non-stratified estuaries. IberWQ will be freely available through the package Iber.European Commission; INTERREG-POCTEP; 0034_RISC_ML_6_EXunta de Galicia; ED431C 2017/64-GRCXunta de Galicia; ED481A-2017/31

Fatiga ocasionada por diferentes formatos de juegos reducidos en futbolistas jóvenes

El principal objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la influencia de diferentes formatos de juego reducido (JR) en la carga interna medida mediante el esfuerzo percibido (CI EP) declarado por los futbolistas, y en el rendimiento del salto horizontal (SH) y la capacidad de acelerar y esprintar. Diez futbolistas cadetes (sub-16) participaron en el estudio. Los jugadores disputaron 4 formatos de JR con modificaciones en el espacio de juego y en la duración de las repeticiones. Los participantes realizaron un esprint de 30 m y un SH antes y después de cada repetición y también declararon el EP. Los resultados mostraron una mayor CI EP. Además, se observó un empeoramiento del esprint en 10 y 30 m después de la última repetición. Este conocimiento podría ayudar a los cuerpos técnicos a establecer de manera más apropiada la duración total y de cada repetición de los JRs

An accelerated tool for flood modelling based on Iber

Este artigo inclúese no número especial "Selected Papers from the 1st International Electronic Conference on the Hydrological Cycle (ChyCle-2017)"[Abstract:] This paper presents Iber+, a new parallel code based on the numerical model Iber for two-dimensional (2D) flood inundation modelling. The new implementation, which is coded in C++ and takes advantage of the parallelization functionalities both on CPUs (central processing units) and GPUs (graphics processing units), was validated using different benchmark cases and compared, in terms of numerical output and computational efficiency, with other well-known hydraulic software packages. Depending on the complexity of the specific test case, the new parallel implementation can achieve speedups up to two orders of magnitude when compared with the standard version. The speedup is especially remarkable for the GPU parallelization that uses Nvidia CUDA (compute unified device architecture). The efficiency is as good as the one provided by some of the most popular hydraulic models. We also present the application of Iber+ to model an extreme flash flood that took place in the Spanish Pyrenees in October 2012. The new implementation was used to simulate 24 h of real time in roughly eight minutes of computing time, while the standard version needed more than 15 h. This huge improvement in computational efficiency opens up the possibility of using the code for real-time forecasting of flood events in early-warning systems, in order to help decision making under hazardous events that need a fast intervention to deploy countermeasures.Water JPI—WaterWorks Programme, project Improving Drought and Flood Early Warning, Forecasting and Mitigation, IMDROFLOOD; PCIN-2015-243European Commission; project RISC_ML 034_RISC_ML_6_EXunta de Galicia; ED431C 2017/64-GRCXunta de Galicia; ED481A-2017/314Xunta de Galicia; ED481B-2018/020European Commission; IMDROFLOOD PCIN-2015-24

Maqueta Industrial para Docencia e Investigación

[ES] El Área de Automática y Control del Instituto de Automática y Fabricación de la Universidad de León viene desarrollando maquetas industriales de procesos para fines didácticos y de investigación. Esta actividad comenzó en el año 1995 con el diseño y la puesta en servicio de la planta piloto del Instituto. La finalidad de este tipo de instalaciones es doble: de una parte, acercar a los alumnos a la realidad industrial mediante el manejo de equipos y sistemas involucrados en un proceso industrial; de otra, incorporarlas, mediante su conexión a Internet, a un Laboratorio Remoto y Distribuido, que permita su utilización de forma deslocalizada, favoreciendo un aprendizaje mucho más activo y abriendo nuevas expectativas a la formación.Domínguez, M.; Fuertes, JJ.; Reguera, P.; González, JJ.; Ramón, JM. (2010). Maqueta Industrial para Docencia e Investigación. Revista Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática industrial. 1(2):58-63. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/146627OJS58631