Interpretación mítica del firmamento: de Cicerón a San Isidoro de Sevilla.

Desde la más remota antiguedad, el cielo llamó la atención de los hombres, incapaces de comprender el significado de las luces centelleantes que aparecían cada noche en él. Los astrólogos quisieron veren ellas una estrecha relación con la vida humana: las reunieron en grupos imaginarios y las clasificaron como constelaciones, adjudicándoles los nombres de sus dioses, héroes y animales de fábula. Así nacieron las constelaciones del Cisne, del Escorpión, del Cangrejo, etc. Más tarde, los griegos bautizaron algunas con los nombres de sus héroes mitológicos, como Hércules, Andrómeda u Orión. A través de los textos latinos, que van desde Cicerón hasta Isidoro de Sevilla, pretendemos establecer la relación existente entre el mito y los nombres de las constelaciones

Análisis teórico del diseño instruccional desde el enfoque sistémico

The study identified the organization of different instructional design models through the application of the systemic approach. Seven documents were analyzed in order to focus on the compulsory elements, to distinguish them and to relate them. Four key elements were identified: educational agents, techno-logical instruments, contents and process of teaching-learning. High quantities of optional elements were also found and the relations between the obligatory and supportive elements were classified. It was found that the analyzed models are of a procedural character and not theoretical. Each model presents undefinitions and confusions about what to understand, when, how and which elements should be used.El estudio identificó la organización de diferentes modelos de diseño instruccional, mediante la aplicación del enfoque sistémico. Se analizaron siete documentos para seleccionar los elementos, distinguirlos y relacionarlos. Se identificaron cuatro elementos obligatorios: agentes educativos, instrumentos tecnológicos, contenidos y proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, una cantidad elevada de elementos optativos y se clasificaron las relaciones entre los elementos obligatorios como solidarias. Se encontró que los modelos analizados son de character procedimental y no teóricos. Cada uno de estos modelos presenta indefiniciones y confusiones sobre qué entender, cuándo, cómo y cuáles elementos utilizar

Internet y conducta sexual de riesgo para VIH/SIDA en jóvenes

Objective: To determine whether the use of online sexual material influences sexual risk behavior for HIV / AIDS in young university students. Concepts of Social Cognitive Theory were used.Enfermería Global Nº 38 Abril 2015 Página 138Methods: A descriptive correlational design, involving 200 university students selected by systematic random sampling (k = 11).Results: Young people who used sexual material online rich media to masturbation (rs =.34), arousal (rs = 29), stimulation (rs = 29), adventure (rs = 30), meeting people (rs =.27), images (rs =.17) and cybersex (rs =.25) showed greater sexual risk behavior for HIV / AIDS (p <.01). The use of sexual material online for masturbation (R2 = 6.4%, F [1,189] = 12.80, p <.001), seeking adventures (R2 = 4.8%, F [1,189] = 9.56, p <.01), meeting people (R2 = 5.9%, F [1,189] = 11.88, p <.01) and have cybersex (R2 = 4.1%, F [1,189] = 8.07, p <.01) had a significant positive effect on behavior sexual risk for HIV/AIDS.Conclusions: The use of online sexual material influences sexual risk behavior for HIV/AIDS.Objetivo: Determinar si el uso de material sexual en línea influye en la conducta sexual de riesgo para VIH/SIDA en los jóvenes universitarios. Se utilizaron conceptos de la Teoría Cognitiva Social.Método: Diseño descriptivo correlacional, participaron 200 jóvenes universitarios, seleccionados por muestreo aleatorio sistemático (k = 11).Resultados: Los jóvenes que usaron material sexual en línea en medios ricos para masturbarse (rs = .34), excitarse (rs = .29), estimularse (rs = .29), buscar una aventura (rs = .30), conocer gente (rs = .27), imágenes (rs = .14) y cibersexo (rs = .25) mostraron mayor conducta sexual de riesgo para VIH/SIDA (p < .01). El uso de material sexual en línea para masturbarse (R2 = 6.4%, F [1,189] = 12.80, p < .001), buscar una aventura (R2 = 4.8%, F [1,189] = 9.56, p < .01), conocer gente (R2 = 5.9%, F [1,189] = 11.88, p < .01) y tener cibersexo (R2 = 4.1%, F [1,189] = 8.07, p < .01) presentó un efecto positivo y significativo en la conducta sexual de riesgo para VIH/SIDA.Conclusiones: El uso de material sexual en línea influye en la conducta sexual de riesgo para VIH/SIDA

El universo en los mitos clásicos

The present paper will try toforget the differences that divide astronomy and astrology nowadays. We will do it with examples which make reference to the Classical period. This topic will serve us to make a general revision ofthe Universe (mainly of planets) with the explicit aim of proving that astronomy would not bear the importance that has in our days if in other historical eras astrology would not have participated in its conception

Factores de riesgo de infección puerperal, sala de maternidad hospital Bertha Calderon, Enero - Octubre 2008

Tesis (Doctor en Medicina y Cirugia)--Universidad Americana, Managua, 2008El siguiente trabajo tiene el objetivo de recopilar información de utilidad para el manejo de la mortal epidemia conocida como fiebre puérpera y que afecta a las mujeres embarazadas con una tasa de mortalidad muy alta, la principal función además de aportar cifras concretas acerca de infección puerperal es ayudar a prevenir la epidemia haciendo notar la importancia que tiene informar a las pacientes de los factores de riesgo y los métodos de prevención/curación de dicha enfermedad

Cambios en los niveles de fitohormonas asociados al desarrollo de daño por sol en manzanas (Malus domestica) cv.Fuji

49 p.Hoy en día Chile se ubica en el quinto lugar a nivel mundial en exportaciones de manzanas, con el 10% del mercado mundial, siendo una de las actividades frutícolas más importantes del país y concentrando su producción en la Región del Maule. Uno de los principales descartes de exportación en chile es el daño por sol en la fruta, en la actualidad el daño por sol se ve favorecido por el complejo cambio climático con aumentos en las temperaturas y la radiación solar, pudiendo, ambos factores causar modificaciones en los aspectos bioquímicos, fisiológicos y morfológicos de los frutos que se encuentran bajo estas condiciones. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el comportamiento de fitohormonas como el ácido indol-acético (AIA), ácido abscísico (ABA), ácido jasmónico (AJ) y ácido salicílico (AS), durante el desarrollo de daño por sol (estrés por alta radiación y alta temperatura) en manzanas cv. Fuji. En el estudio se llevaron a cabo dos ensayos durante la temporada 2015-2016, en el Huerto San Carlos de la comuna de San Clemente, Región del Maule. En el primer ensayo, se evaluaron los niveles de fitohormonas durante el desarrollo de daño por sol en la fruta (108 hasta 157 días después de plena flor DDPF) en tejido con diferentes exposición al sol en el árbol (ensayo de seguimiento); en el segundo, se evaluaron los niveles de fitohormonas en diferentes tejidos del fruto (piel, pulpa externa, pulpa interna y carpelo) de frutos expuestos repentinamente al sol (0 a 60 minutos de exposición) (ensayo de tiempo). En el ensayo de seguimiento, se recolectaron frutos para sacar muestras de tejido y ser congeladas con nitrógeno líquido, esta práctica se realizó cada 3 días hasta completar el periodo antes mencionado (108- 157 DDPF), posterior a esto se puso en un freezer a -80°C para luego ser analizadas. En el ensayo de tiempo, la recolección de las muestras se realizó a los 112 DDPF. Para realizar este ensayo, las muestras fueron congeladas en terreno con nitrógeno líquido, para luego ser guardadas en un freezer a -80°C para su posterior análisis. Las concentraciones de las fitohormonas (AIA, ABA, AJ y AS) fueron determinadas mediante la técnica de cromatografía liquida de alta resolución y ultra bajo volumen (UHPLC-masa), utilizando estándares comerciales para cada una de ellas. Los resultados fueron analizados mediante análisis de varianza. De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos en el primer ensayo se observó que las fitohormonas ABA, AJ y AS presentaron mayor concentración en tejidos que fueron expuestos al sol en comparación con tejidos no expuestos al sol, mientras que las concentraciones de AIA fueron menores en frutos expuestos al sol y su concentración tendió a reducirse al pasar los DDPF. En el segundo ensayo se observó que los frutos al percibir un estrés repentino por alta radiación y temperatura sufrieron modificación en sus niveles de fitohormonas específicamente en los lados que fueron expuesto a estres; en el caso de AJ, AS Y ABA las concentraciones aumentaron durante el transcurso del tiempo que se sometieron a estrés; para el caso de AIA las concentraciones tendieron a bajar mientras aumentaba el tiempo de exposicion. Los resultados sugieren que la exposición al sol generó cambios en los niveles de concentración de las fitohormonas debido al estrés abiótico de altas temperaturas y alta radiación solar. Palabras claves: Exposición al sol, manzanas cv.Fuji, fitohormonas, ácido indolacético (AIA), ácido abscísico (ABA), ácido jasmónico, ácido salicílico./ABSTRAC:Today, Chile ranks fifth in the world in apple exports, with 10% of the world market, being one of the most important fruit activities in the country and concentrating its production in the Maule Region. One of the main export discards in Chile is the damage caused by the sun in the fruit, currently the damage caused by the sun is favored by the complex climate change with increases in temperatures and solar radiation, both of which may cause modifications in the biometric, physiological and morphological aspects of the fruits that are under these conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the behavior of phytohormones such as indole-acetic acid (AIA), abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (AJ) and salicylic acid (AS) during the development of radiation and high temperature sun damage ) in cv. Fuji The study carried out two trials during the 2015-2016 season, in the San Carlos orchard of the San Clemente commune, Maule Region. In the first trial, phytohormone levels were evaluated during the development of sun damage in fruit (108 to 157 days after full bloom DDPF) in tissue with different sun exposure in the tree (follow-up trial); in the second, the levels of phytohormones in different fruit tissues (skin, external pulp, internal pulp and carpel) of fruits exposed to the sun (0 to 60 minutes of exposure) (time trial) were evaluated. In the follow-up trial, the collected fruits were taken to the laboratory to extract tissue samples and to be frozen with liquid nitrogen, this practice was performed every 3 days until the aforementioned period (108-157 DDPF) was completed. In the time trial, sample collection was performed at 112 DPDF. To perform this test, the samples were frozen on the ground with liquid nitrogen, then stored in a freezer at -80 ° C for further analysis. The concentrations of phytohormones (AIA, ABA, AJ and AS) were determined using the high resolution and ultra low volume liquid chromatography (UHPLC-mass) technique, using commercial standards for each of them. The results were analyzed by analysis of variance. According to the results obtained in the first test, it was observed that the ABA, AJ and AS phytohormones presented higher concentration in tissues that were exposed to the sun compared to tissues not exposed to the sun, whereas the concentrations of AIA were lower in exposed fruits The sun and its concentration tended to decrease when passing the DDPF. In the second trial it was observed that the fruits when perceiving a sudden stress by high radiation and temperature underwent modifications in their levels of phytohormones specifically in the sides that were exposed to the stresses; in the case of AJ, AS and ABA concentrations increased during the course of the time they underwent stress; In the case of AIA, concentrations tended to decrease while exposure time increased. The results suggest that sun exposure generated changes in phytohormone concentration levels due to the abiotic stress of high temperatures and high radiation. Key words: Sun exposure, cv.Fuji apples, phytohormones, indoacetic acid (AIA), abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid, salicylic acid

Dynamics of the accommodative response after smoking cannabis

This work was supported by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Spain) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) (FIS2017-85058-R), and by the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (Spain) (Grant FPU15/05571). The authors thank Drager Iberia for lending us the Drager DrugTest 5000 and the Drager Alcotest 7110 MK-III employed in this study. We also thank Tragora SCA for reviewing the English version of the manuscript. Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Granada/Consorcio de Bibliotecas Universitarias de Andalucia (CBUA).Purpose: Cannabis is the most widely consumed illicit drug worldwide. It has been suggested that cannabis could generate blurred vision during reading tasks. The goal of this study was to objectively assess the acute effects of smoking cannabis on the dynamics of ocular accommodation. The influence of other factors, including target distance and the direction of accommodation, as well as personal characteristics, were also analysed. Methods: Nineteen young people who were occasional cannabis users participated in the study (mean age 22.53 [3.12] years). Their usage profiles were evaluated by means of the Cannabis Use Disorders Identification Test-revised (CUDIT-r). The dynamics of the accommodative response were evaluated using an open-field auto refractor (Grand Seiko WAM-5500). The participants completed two different experimental sessions, one week apart, and in random order (baseline session and after smoking cannabis). During these sessions, the amplitude of the response (D), mean velocity (D/s), peak velocity (D/s), response time (s), accommodative lag (D) and accommodation variability (D) were measured. Results: The results indicated that cannabis use had a significant main effect on the mean accommodation/disaccommodation velocity (F1,13 = 7.21; p = 0.02; η 2 p = 0.396). Cannabis consumption also interacted significantly with other factors. Response time showed a significant two-way interaction between condition × target distance (F1,13 = 11.71; p = 0.005; η 2 p = 0.474) and condition × accommodation direction (F1,13 = 8.71; p = 0.01; η 2 p = 0.401). For mean velocity, two-way interactions were found between condition × age (F1,13 = 6.03; p = 0.03; η 2 p = 0.354), condition × CUDIT-r score (F1,13 = 6.03; p = 0.03; η 2 p = 0.356) and condition × target distance (F1,13 = 7.20; p = 0.02; η 2 p = 0.396). Conclusions: These findings suggest that cannabis use can alter the accommodation process, although further studies should be carried out to explore the role of attention deficits. According to these results, certain daily activities that depend on an accurate accommodative function may be affected by cannabis use.Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Spain)European Commission FIS2017-85058-RMinistry of Science, Innovation and Universities (Spain) FPU15/05571Universidad de Granada/Consorcio de Bibliotecas Universitarias de Andalucia (CBUA

Hydrodynamics and water quality assessment of a coastal lagoon using environmental fluid dynamics code explorer modeling system

Ciénaga de Mallorquín is a coastal lagoon designated as a RAMSAR site due to its ecological regional and international importance. In this work, the environmental fluid dynamics code explorer modeling system was implemented to determine the spatiotemporal distribution of temperature, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand and nutrient levels, and assess the trophic status of Ciénaga de Mallorquín. The model was set up with field measurement data taken during transition period and wet season, and secondary information obtained from local authorities and environmental agencies. The results of model simulations were calibrated and verified by the root mean square error method, achieving a consistent fit for all considered variables. Average velocities were between 0.006 m/s and 0.013 m/s during the analyzed periods. The temperature was higher in the wet season than in the transition period (29°C and 31.5°C, respectively). The dissolved oxygen was similar in both periods (6.6 and 6.7 mg/L). NO3 concentrations were higher during the transition period (3.28 mg/L), with a minimum of 1.76 mg/L and a maximum of 5.09 mg/L. The lowest NO3 concentrations were found in the area influenced by the connection with the Caribbean Sea. PO4 concentrations in the wet season were lower than in the transition period (0.20 mg/L). Finally, Ciénaga de Mallorquín exhibits high productivity levels with Trophic State Index > 50 and temporal variations of mesotrophic to eutrophic. The use of Trophic State Index is useful for the management of water body eutrophication and productivity, making it particularly important in aquatic ecosystems

Effects of Smoking Cannabis on Visual Function and Driving Performance. A Driving-Simulator Based Study

Cannabis is the most widely used illegal drug in the world. Limited information about the effects of cannabis on visual function is available, and more detail about the possible impact of visual effects on car driving is required. This study investigated the effects of smoking cannabis on vision and driving performance, and whether these effects are correlated. Twenty drivers and occasional users were included (mean (SE) age, 23.3 (1.0) years; five women). Vision and simulated driving performance were evaluated in a baseline session and after smoking cannabis. Under the influence of cannabis, certain visual functions such as visual acuity (p < 0.001), contrast sensitivity (p = 0.004) and stereoacuity (far, p < 0.001; near, p = 0.013) worsened. In addition, there was an overall deterioration of driving performance, with the task of keeping the vehicle in the lane proving more difficult (p < 0.05). A correlation analysis showed significant associations between driving performance and visual function. Thus, the strongest correlations were found between the distance driven onto the shoulder and stereoacuity, for near (ρ = 0.504; p = 0.001) and far distances (ρ = 0.408; p = 0.011). This study provides the first evidence to show that the visual e ects of cannabis could impact driving performance, compromising driving safety. The results indicate that information and awareness campaigns are essential for reducing the incidence of driving under the influence of cannabis.This research was funded by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Spain) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), grant number FIS2017-85058-R and by the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (Spain), grant number Grant FPU15/05571

Characteristics of alcoholic drinks consumption and consumption pattern among Dental students.

Objetivo: Describir características del consumo de bebidas alcohólicas e identificar patrón de consumo en estudiantes de odontología de la Universidad San Sebastián, sede Concepción. Materiales y métodos: Estudio exploratorio, descriptivo, transversal, no experimental. La muestra estuvo constituida por 601 alumnos (65% del total). Se aplicaron dos cuestionarios durante el segundo semestre del año 2015. El primero: cuestionario estructurado diseñado para recolectar datos sobre el consumo de alcohol y sus características. El segundo: cuestionario autoadministrado de”Identificación de Trastornos Relacionados con el Consumo de Alcohol”. Los datos fueron analizados mediante estadígrafos descriptivos. La asociación de la variable dependiente “alcohol” con las variables independientes “edad”, ”género”, “ubicación geográfica de origen” y “semestre académico” fueron evaluados mediante una prueba de regresión logística binomial. Sólo los datos de los sujetos que consumían alcohol fueron evaluados. El nivel de significación empleado en todos los casos fue de α≤0,05. Resultados: El 15% de los estudiantes es consumidor de riesgo y 18% presenta consumo perjudicial o posible dependencia. En estudiantes que consumen alcohol, la variable ingreso familiar, en relación con las variables época del año en que consumen y la presencia de problemas están asociadas. Conclusión: Existe mayor prevalencia de consumo en el género masculino y un alto consumo de bebidas alcohólicas en ambos géneros en cualquier época del año. El consumo de bebidas alcohólicas es independiente del ingreso familiar