Innovación y aplicación tecnológica en el ámbito de la Educación Superior universitaria. El empleo de los blogs en las universidades españolas.

The University is immersed in a scenario of change in which new teaching formulas in technology and multimedia content will be the main allies. Traditional institutions of higher education, face-to-face or online, reset their distribution and communication systems. They go from being the center of educational communication star to form simple knots of a network of networks, inside the great cyberspace, where the student/user is moving in a more flexible coordinate. In the same way, originated in these coordinates new space-temporal changes bring with them the emergence of different teaching organizations, which are consortia or networks of institutions and whose education systems are characterized by modularity and interconnection. All this requires universities easing in its usual procedures and its administrative structure, to be able to adapt to alternative forms of training more in line with the needs presented by this new partnership. Now, the implementation platforms blogs and other technological resources, contribute to the improvement of teaching quality and, therefore, to suitable training of students. As a continuation of the innovation technology, likely to be adopted at the University level, there are blogs as a channel, tool or resource of information and communication, whose use has become the technological revolution which marks the beginning of the so-called Web 2.0.La Universidad se encuentra inmersa en un escenario de cambio en el que las nuevas fórmulas docentes en tecnología y contenidos multimedia serán los principales aliados. Las tradicionales instituciones de educación superior, ya sean presenciales o a distancia, reajustan sus sistemas de distribución y comunicación. Pasan de ser el centro de la estrella de comunicación educativa a constituir simples nudos de un entramado de redes, dentro del gran ciberespacio, en donde el estudiante-usuario se mueve en unas coordenadas más flexibles. Del mismo modo, los cambios originados en estas nuevas coordenadas espacio-temporales traen consigo la aparición de distintas organizaciones de enseñanza, que se constituyen como consorcios o redes de instituciones y cuyos sistemas de enseñanza se caracterizan por la modularidad y la interconexión. Todo ello exige a las universidades una flexibilización en sus procedimientos habituales y en su estructura administrativa, para poder adaptarse a modalidades de formación alternativas más acordes con las necesidades que presenta esta nueva sociedad. Ahora, la implantación de plataformas blogs y otros recursos tecnológicos, contribuyen a la mejora de la calidad docente y, por consiguiente, a la formación y capacitación idónea del alumnado. Como una continuación de la innovación tecnológica, susceptible de ser adoptada en el ámbito universitario, surgen los blogs como un canal, herramienta o recurso de información y comunicación, cuya utilización se ha convertido en la revolución tecnológica que marca el inicio de la llamada Web 2.0

Innovación y aplicación tecnológica en el ámbito de la Educación Superior universitaria. El empleo de los blogs en las universidades españolas.

La Universidad se encuentra inmersa en un escenario de cambio en el que las nuevas fórmulas docentes en tecnología y contenidos multimedia serán los principales aliados. Las tradicionales instituciones de educación superior, ya sean presenciales o a distancia, reajustan sus sistemas de distribución y comunicación. Pasan de ser el centro de la estrella de comunicación educativa a constituir simples nudos de un entramado de redes, dentro del gran ciberespacio, en donde el estudiante-usuario se mueve en unas coordenadas más flexibles. Del mismo modo, los cambios originados en estas nuevas coordenadas espacio-temporales traen consigo la aparición de distintas organizaciones de enseñanza, que se constituyen como consorcios o redes de instituciones y cuyos sistemas de enseñanza se caracterizan por la modularidad y la interconexión. Todo ello exige a las universidades una flexibilización en sus procedimientos habituales y en su estructura administrativa, para poder adaptarse a modalidades de formación alternativas más acordes con las necesidades que presenta esta nueva sociedad. Ahora, la implantación de plataformas blogs y otros recursos tecnológicos, contribuyen a la mejora de la calidad docente y, por consiguiente, a la formación y capacitación idónea del alumnado. Como una continuación de la innovación tecnológica, susceptible de ser adoptada en el ámbito universitario, surgen los blogs como un canal, herramienta o recurso de información y comunicación, cuya utilización se ha convertido en la revolución tecnológica que marca el inicio de la llamada Web 2.0

Porosity and hydric behavior of typical calcite microfabrics in stalagmites

Petrophysical techniques commonly used for material characterization are applied for the first time to speleothem samples to investigate the porosity and hydric behavior of calcite stalagmites used in paleoclimatology. These techniques allow the determination of the stalagmites' potential to undergo diagenetic transformations when substantial changes in drip waters occur in the cave environment. The petrophysical techniques include water absorption under vacuum and by capillarity, nuclear magnetic resonance, environmental scanning electron microscopy, and mercury intrusion porosimetry. The studied samples comprise five common calcite microfabrics, which have markedly different porosities and hydric behaviors and, as a consequence, different sensibilities to diagenetic processes related to the influx of water. The experiments show that stalagmites can behave as complex, small-scale hydrological systems and that the circulation of water through them by complex nets of interconnected pores might be common. As the circulation of water favors diagenetic transformations that involve geochemical and isotopic changes, the characterization of flow patterns is key for outlining areas that are susceptible to such modifications, which is critical to paleoclimatic studies that are based on speleothems because geochemical and stable isotopic data are used as paleoenvironmental proxies and absolute ages are obtained by using radioactive isotope ratios. These potential modifications also have obvious implications for studies based on fluid inclusions in speleothems. The integrated methodology, which uses primarily non-destructive techniques, shows a high potential for characterization of any type of speleothem and other continental carbonates such as tufas or sinters

Multidimensional inflammatory and immunological endotypes of idiopathic focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and their association with treatment outcomes

Endotips; Glomerulosclerosi segmentària focal; Resposta inflamatòriaEndotipos; Glomeruloesclerosis segmentaria focal; Respuesta inflamatoriaEndotypes; Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis; Inflammatory responseObjectives Idiopathic focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) has been linked to immunological and inflammatory response dysregulations. The aim of this study was to find endotypes of FSGS patients using a cluster (CL) analysis based on inflammatory and immunological variables, and to analyse whether a certain endotype is associated with response to treatment with corticosteroids. Methods This prospective observational study included patients with idiopathic FSGS diagnosed by kidney biopsy. Serum levels of soluble interleukin (IL)-1 receptor, tumoural necrosis factor alpha, Interferon gamma (IFNγ), IL-6, IL-17, IL-12, IL-23, IL-13, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, haemopexin (Hx), haptoglobin (Hgl), soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) and urinary CD80 (uCD80) were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or nephelometry. T-helper lymphocyte populations and T-regulatory lymphocytes were analysed by flow cytometry. A factorial analysis followed by a k-means CL analysis was performed. Results A total of 79 FSGS patients were included. Three CLs were identified. CL1 (27.8%) included IL-12, IL-17, IL-23 and a T helper 17 (Th17) pattern. CL2 (20.2%) included IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, immunoglobulin E and Th2 pattern. CL3 (51.8%) included IL-6, Hx, Hgl, suPAR and uCD80. There were no differences in age, gender, kidney function, albumin or proteinuria among CLs. About 42/79 patients (53.1%) showed cortico-resistance. The prevalence of cortico-resistance was significantly lower in CL2 (4/16, 25%) than in CL1 (16/26, 72.7%) and CL3 (22/41, 53.7%) (P = 0.018), with no significant differences between CLs 1 and 3 (P = 0.14). Conclusions Patients with FSGS and indistinguishable clinical presentation at diagnosis were classified in three distinct CLs according to predominant Th17, Th2 and acute inflammatory responses that display differences in clinical response to treatment with corticosteroids

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Spanish Multicenter Study of the Epidemiology and Mechanisms of Amoxicillin-Clavulanate Resistance in Escherichia coli

We conducted a prospective multicenter study in Spain to characterize the mechanisms of resistance to amoxicillin-clavu-lanate (AMC) in Escherichia coli. Up to 44 AMC-resistant E. coli isolates (MIC>32/16 g/ml) were collected at each of theseven participant hospitals. Resistance mechanisms were characterized by PCR and sequencing. Molecular epidemiology was studied by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and by multilocus sequence typing. Overall AMC resistance was 9.3%. The resistance mechanisms detected in the 257 AMC-resistant isolates were OXA-1 production (26.1%), hyperpro-duction of penicillinase (22.6%), production of plasmidic AmpC (19.5%), hyperproduction of chromosomic AmpC(18.3%), and production of inhibitor-resistant TEM (IRT) (17.5%). The IRTs identified were TEM-40 (33.3%), TEM-30(28.9%), TEM-33 (11.1%), TEM-32 (4.4%), TEM-34 (4.4%), TEM-35 (2.2%), TEM-54 (2.2%), TEM-76 (2.2%), TEM-79(2.2%), and the new TEM-185 (8.8%). By PFGE, a high degree of genetic diversity was observed although two well-defined clusters were detected in the OXA-1-producing isolates: the C1 cluster consisting of 19 phylogroup A/sequence type 88[ST88] isolates and the C2 cluster consisting of 19 phylogroup B2/ST131 isolates (16 of them producing CTX-M-15). Each of the clusters was detected in six different hospitals. In total, 21.8% of the isolates were serotype O25b/phylogroup B2 (O25b/B2). AMC resistance in E. coli is widespread in Spain at the hospital and community levels. A high prevalence of OXA-1 was found. Although resistant isolates were genetically diverse, clonality was linked to OXA-1-producing isolates of the STs 88 and 131. Dissemination of IRTs was frequent, and the epidemic O25b/B2/ST131 clone carried many different mechanisms of AMC resistance