Methodological approach for mapping the flood physical vulnerability index with geographical open-source data: an example in a small-middle city (Ponferrada, Spain)

[EN] To increase the resilience of communities against floods, it is necessary to develop method- ologies to estimate the vulnerability. The concept of vulnerability is multidimensional, but most flood vulnerability studies have focused only on the social approach. Nevertheless, in recent years, following seismic analysis, the physical point of view has increased its rele- vance. Therefore, the present study proposes a methodology to map the flood physical vul- nerability and applies it using an index at urban parcel scale for a medium-sized town (Pon- ferrada, Spain). This index is based on multiple indicators fed by geographical open-source data, once they have been normalized and combined with different weights extracted from an Analytic Hierarchic Process. The results show a raster map of the physical vulnerability index that facilitates future emergency and flood risk management to diminish potential damages. A total of 22.7% of the urban parcels in the studied town present an index value higher than 0.4, which is considered highly vulnerable. The location of these urban par- cels would have passed unnoticed without the use of open governmental datasets, when an average value would have been calculated for the overall municipality. Moreover, the build- ing percentage covered by water was the most influential indicator in the study area, where the simulated flood was generated by an alleged dam break. The study exceeds the spatial constraints of collecting this type of data by direct interviews with inhabitants and allows for working with larger areas, identifying the physical buildings and infrastructure differ- ences among the urban parcelsS

Time-lagged associations between cognitive and cortical development from childhood to early adulthood

Throughout childhood and adolescence, humans experience marked changes in cortical structure and cognitive ability. Cortical thickness and surface area, in particular, have been associated with cognitive ability. Here we ask the question: What are the time related associations between cognitive changes and cortical structure maturation. Identifying a developmental sequence requires multiple measurements of these variables from the same individuals across time. This allows capturing relations among the variables and, thus, finding whether: (a) developmental cognitive changes follow cortical structure maturation, (b) cortical structure maturation follows cognitive changes, or (c) both processes influence each other over time. 430 children and adolescents (age range = 6.01 22.28 years) completed the WASI battery and were MRI scanned at three time points separated by ≈ 2 years (mean age t1 = 10.60, SD = 3.58, mean age t2=12.63, SD=3.62, mean age t3=14.49, SD=3.55). Latent Change Score (LCS) models were applied to quantify age related relationships among the variables of interest. Our results indicate that cortical and cognitive changes related to each other reciprocally. Specifically, the magnitude or rate of the change in each variable at any occasion and not the previous level was predictive of later changes. These results were replicated for brain regions selected according to the coordinates identified in the Basten et al.’s (2015) meta analysis, to the Parieto Frontal Integration Theory (P FIT, Jung & Haier, 2007) and to the whole cortex. Potential implications regarding brain plasticity and cognitive enhancement are discusse

Enchondroma versus Low-Grade Chondrosarcoma in Appendicular Skeleton: Clinical and Radiological Criteria

Objectives. To determine the validity of clinical and radiological features of enchondroma and low grade chondrosarcoma, and contrast the biopsy results with the clinical diagnosis based on the history and imaging. Material and Method. The study included 96 patients with cartilage type lesions suggestive of an enchondroma (E) or an low grade chondrosarcoma (LGC) according to the clinical and imaging data. The hypotheses were contrasted with the biopsy. Results. Of the 82 patients studied completely, 56 were considered E (68.29%), 8 as LGC (8.33%) and in 18 (18.75%) were doubtful cases and considered as suspected LGC. Of these, the biopsy showed 4 E (25%), 10 LGC (50%) and 4 were not definitive. On the other hand, of the 56 cases diagnosed as E, 15 were biopsied, 5 of these biopsies turned out to be LGC (33.3%). The 8 cases diagnosed as LGC, were also biopsied and only 4 biopsies (50%) confirmed the initial diagnosis. Features analyzed in the study showed no statistically significant difference. Correlation analysis between the diagnosis issued initially and the biopsy result gave a value of 0.69 (kappa coefficient), which was considered a good correlation. Conclusion. Features analyzed did not have any statistical significance. However, there was a good correlation between initial diagnosis and biopsy's result

The impact of associated tenotomies on the outcome of incomplete phalangeal osteotomies for lesser toe deformities

Partial or incomplete osteotomy (IO) of the phalanx is recently described in the literature. However, the clinical outcome and the rate of complications when applied to lesser toe deformities (LTD) have been never addressed. This study aims to find out if the association of tenotomies to incomplete or partial phalanx osteotomies has a significant impact on the clinical outcomes, the occurrence of complications, and the recovery time after surgery. Methods: A retrospective review of two cohorts of cases operated in our institution for hallux abductus valgus (HAV) and associated LTD from 2008 to 2014 was carried out. The surgical correction of both HAV and the associated LTD was always performed by minimally invasive techniques. The study included a total of 223 patients (723 IO in 556 toes). In 129 cases, the IO for LTD correction was performed without tenotomies, and in 94, the procedure was combined with flexor and/or extensor tenotomies. Patients were assessed with the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) questionnaire before surgery and at 6- and 12-month follow-up. Results: The mean preoperative AOFAS score before surgery was similar in both cohorts. At 12-month follow-up, the cohort without tenotomies showed better recovery (95.7 ± 2.8 versus 92.5 ± 6.8; p < 0.01). AOFAS scores decreased as the number of associated LTD increased (r = − 0.814; p < 0.001). Cases operated on by PO + tenotomy showed a high rate of complications such as delayed union of the osteotomy (p < 0.01), hypertrophic callus (p < 0.01), phalangeal fracture at the osteotomy site (p < 0.01), and lack of correction (p < 0.05). The overall occurrence of adverse events was 38.6% in cases operated by PO + tenotomy and 13.9% in cases receiving PO alone (p < 0.0001). Cases operated on without tenotomy showed a shorter time to complete recovery for daily life activities (37.4 ± 2.3 versus 43.0 ± 1.7 days; p < 0.01). Conclusion: The performance of associated tenotomies to incomplete phalanx osteotomies provides worse clinical outcomes, higher complication rates, and longer recovery time as compared to similar forefoot surgeries without tenotomies.Podologí

Aplicación de la investigación de operaciones a la distribución de recursos relacionados con la COVID-19

Aim: To apply the vehicle routing model based on optimized decision-making for the distribution of medical resources to hospitalized patients, and patients with a possible COVID-19 diagnosis, in Camagüey, Cuba. Methods: Heterogeneous vehicle routing problems with time windows were used in combination with optimization algorithms to cope with the distribution of supplies. Main results: A total of 15 models were used in the experiment to study the behavior of the algorithms applied to the problem. The CVRP library was run in Matlab. Three metaheuristic models were utilized: EDA, SA, VNS. FSMVRPTW was solved according to the information modeled, through the EDA and VNS algorithms. The latter was included in the study for its open source code, in Excel. Conclusions: Studies of vehicle routing problems have shown their usefulness in different complex scenarios, such as pandemics, to optimize the distribution of resources. The existence of optimum organization of transportation to distribute medical resources in COVID-19 times is a vital tool for decision-making in the province of Camagüey, which can be extended to the whole country.Objetivo: Aplicar el modelo de enrutamiento de vehículos combinado con algoritmos de optimización para la toma de decisiones en la distribución de insumos relacionados con el servicio asistencial a pacientes hospitalizados y sospechosos de la COVID-19 en Camagüey, Cuba. Métodos: Se utilizaron los problemas de enrutamiento de vehículos heterogéneos con ventanas de tiempo, en combinación con algoritmos de optimización para solucionar la distribución de estos recursos. Principales resultados: Se experimentó con un total de 15 modelos para el estudio del comportamiento de los algoritmos aplicados al problema, donde se utilizó la biblioteca CVRP, implementada en Matlab. Se implementaron tres de metaheurísticas: EDA, SA, VNS. A partir de la información modelada se procedió a la solución del problema FSMVRPTW a través de algoritmos EDA y VNS, utilizado este último por contar con una implementación de código abierto en Excel. Conclusiones: Los estudios acerca del problema de enrutamiento de vehículos han demostrado su utilidad en diferentes situaciones complejas, como las pandemias, para optimizar la distribución de recursos. En tiempos de COVID-19, contar con una organización del transporte óptima para distribuir los recursos médicos, es una herramienta vital para la toma de decisiones en la provincia Camagüey, extensible a toda Cuba

La construcción de ejercicios para el tratamiento de los esfuerzos alactácidos en jugadores de polo acuático (Original).

The purpose of the present work is to propose theoretical patterns that allow the elaboration of procedures for the treatment of lactacid efforts in juvenile water polo players to be made feasible. Based on a diagnosis that shows inadequacies in the conception of the exercises used for the treatment of alactacid efforts in athletes, the reason for the study caused insufficient guidance in the normative documents for the design of an exercise that deals with alactic capacity, as well as the non-consideration of the coaches, the behaviors of the athletes in their work during the competitive activity, nor the eventual modifications of a configuration parameter and regulator of the actions within the game dynamics, such as the regulations, a characterization is achieved accurate of the current state of the subject that allows to enter into the investigative process. Referential patterns are built for the elaboration of exercises to be used during the treatment of the lactated efforts from theoretical references that achieve the contribution of considerations that allow the sports teacher to reflect during the process of creating the training loads for the procedure. of this content during the sports preparation process.El presente trabajo tiene como propósito proponer patrones para la construcción de ejercicios para el tratamiento de los esfuerzos alactácidos en jugadores juveniles de Polo Acuático. Sobre la base de un diagnóstico que muestra insuficiencias en la concepción de los ejercicios que se emplean para el tratamiento de los esfuerzos alactácidos en los atletas motivo de estudio provocado por insuficientes orientaciones en los documentos normativos para el diseño de un ejercicio que trate la capacidad aláctica, así como la no consideración de los entrenadores, de las conductas de los atletas en su quehacer durante la actividad competitiva ni las modificaciones eventuales de un parámetro configurador y regulador de las acciones dentro de la dinámica de juego como es el reglamento, se consigue una caracterización acertada del estado actual de la temática que permite adentrarse en el proceso investigativo. Se construyen patrones referenciales para la elaboración de ejercicios a emplear durante el tratamiento de los esfuerzos alactácidos a partir de referentes teóricos que logran la aportación de consideraciones que permiten en el profesor deportivo la reflexión durante el proceso de creación de las cargas de entrenamiento para el proceder de este contenido durante el proceso la preparación deportiva

Identificación mineralógica de piezas arqueológicas elaboradas en talco mediante espectroscopía de reflectancia de laboratorio

P. 421-424El talco es un mineral blando que permite trabajarlo fácilmente, por lo que ha sido utilizado desde la Prehistoria. Sin embargo, no es el único mineral blando y a veces, bajo este nombre, se clasifican piezas que han sido trabajadas por grupos humanos sobre minerales de características físicas similares, pero químicamente distintos. El análisis espectroscópico de las muestras permite identificar su mineralogía de manera no destructiva. En el presente estudio se han analizado 30 muestras, tanto de procedencia arqueológica como geológica. De las 27 muestras de talco, se han diferenciado 4 tipos de curvas espectrales, poseyendo todas el rasgo de absorción definido en los 2320 nm correspondiente al talco. El uso de las técnicas continuum remove y Spectral Feature Fitting ha demostrado ser de gran ayuda tanto para la discriminación de grupos de talco de diferentes características como para la identificación de minerales distintos. Se espera que en un futuro estas diferencias permitan también conocer la localización geográfica de donde provienen las muestras y con ello facilitar la labor investigadora de los arqueólogos, abriendo así una nueva vía de aplicaciones de la espectrorradiometría

Estilos de vida que exhiben estudiantes de pedagogía de una universidad privada durante el año 2016

Tesis (Profesor de Educación Física, Licenciado en Educación)El término de la educación secundaria y el comienzo de la educación universitaria es un cambio de vida para los jóvenes, en el cual deben afrontar y atravesar una serie de cambios para los cuales muchas veces no se encuentran preparados como preocupaciones académicas, nuevas redes sociales, cambios en el estilo de vida, sin hablar de estudiantes que migran a otros países para iniciar o terminar sus estudios (Tamayo, Rodriguez, Escobar, & Mejía, 2015). Los factores emocionales, sociales, físicos, culturales y hasta económicos ayudan a la construcción de los estilos de vida que adoptan los jóvenes universitarios y son determinantes para la creación de la identidad del individuo, respecto a su forma de vida y su conducta (Tamayo et al, 2015). El correcto consumo de alimentos, la práctica regular de actividad física, el uso del tiempo libre y la calidad de las relaciones afectivas, logran mantener una salud mental y física (Tamayo et al, 2015). Debido a la importancia de mantener un estilo de vida saludable para obtener resultados positivos en la salud de futuros profesionales de la educación, para que ellos a su vez eduquen en prevención y promoción de ésta a niños y jóvenes que logren intervenir a lo largo de su carrera. Este estudio busca evaluar sobre las prácticas de estilo de vida de profesores en formación, permitiéndoles conocer cuáles son aspectos saludables y no saludables y a su vez crear conciencia sobre los riesgos relacionados. La recolección de la información fue realizada a través de la encuesta “¿Tienes un estilo de vida fantástico?” que fue utilizada por el Ministerio de Salud de Chile en el año 2006. Desde los datos recabados se construyó el informe que considera los referentes teóricos que sustentan el estudio y el marco metodológico que encierra el tipo y diseño de estudio, así como la cantidad de la muestra y el procedimiento utilizado para la recolección y el análisis de la información. Finalmente se presentan las conclusiones según los objetivos planteados en la investigación. La motivación a realizar este estudio surge debido a los datos presentados por el Ministerio de Salud de Chile en su Encuesta Nacional de Salud en el año 2010, en la cual arrojan que los índices de sedentarismo del país se encuentran alrededor del 88%, lo que ya habla de una adopción popular de un estilo de vida poco saludable. Debido a esto, es primordial indagar sobre esta temática sobre todo en la población universitaria, entendiendo que estos estudiantes son el reflejo de la futura sociedad chilena y que dentro de 4 a 6 años se integrarán a la sociedad en el ámbito laboral educando a niños y jóvenes del país

Holocene humidity changes in southern Iberia inferred from the geochemical signature of marine sediments

The Mediterranean region is particularly sensitive to global climate variability that critically reflects on its hydrological conditions. A recently published high resolution reconstruction of Holocene Sea Surface Temperature (SST) based on Globigerina bulloides Mg/Ca ratios, set the basis to explore, within a warm climatic period, the impact of North Atlantic oceanographic conditions shaping the properties of the inflowing waters into the Mediterranean Sea. Here we go a step further in establishing the potential links between these oceanographical changes with the hydrological conditions on the southern Iberian Peninsula.This study combines XRF-core-scanner analyses with the radiogenic isotopes characterization (Sr, Nd and Pb) of the terrigenous fraction in core ALB-2 from the Alboran Sea. Results indicate that the most humid conditions developed during the early to middle Holocene with a transition towards drier conditions and colder SST that occurred by the late Holocene. The radiogenic Sr, Nd and Pb records do not show any covariance with the millennial scale oscillations shown in the Zr and K XRF records interpreted as humidity changes. This could suggest that inputs of African dust are not the main controlling factor in the XRF records. In contrast, the Sr isotope record shows a significant transition around the middle Holocene while SSTs show a cooling trend. For an accurate interpretation of that feature, this study also targets a novel approach by characterizing the radiogenic isotope composition of settling particles recovered by moored sediment traps under well characterized meteorological conditions

Helical surface magnetization in nanowires: the role of chirality

Nanomagnetism is nowadays expanding into three dimensions, triggered by the discovery of new magnetic phenomena and their potential use in applications. This shift towards 3D structures should be accompanied by strategies and methodologies to map the tridimensional spin textures associated. We present here a combination of dichroic X-ray transmission microscopy at different angles and micromagnetic simulations allowing to determine the magnetic configuration of cylindrical nanowires. We have applied it to permalloy nanowires with equispaced chemical barriers that can act as pinning sites for domain walls. The magnetization at the core is longitudinal and generates at the surface of the wire helical magnetization. Different types of domain walls are found at the pinning sites, which respond differently to applied fields depending on the relative chirality of the adjacent domains