Indicadores de calidad del proceso de extensión universitaria en la Universidad de La Habana

La extensión universitaria como proceso sustantivo, a partir de su propósito de promover cultura, permite con mayor flexibilidad y rapidez el intercambio dialógico con la sociedad para el logro de la pertinencia social universitaria. Es por ello, que se hace necesario perfeccionar su gestión y elaborar indicadores viables, factibles y de fácil comprensión, de ahí que el objetivo del presente trabajo es determinar los indicadores de calidad para el proceso de extensión universitaria, acorde a los objetivos de este proceso, la institución y el entorno. Se empleó una metodología mixta concurrente con la presencia de métodos teóricos y empíricos. En correspondencia con la gestión por procesos se implementaron los indicadores de calidad de los seis procesos que conforman el macroproceso de Extensión Universitaria en la Universidad de La Habana y los cuatro factores claves de éxito. Los indicadores implementados durante cuatro cursos académicos, permitieron la mejora continua del proceso extensionista y la evaluación del impacto del aporte de este proceso a la sociedad y a la institución, acorde al entorno y en pro del desarrollo social

Sistema de gestión de la calidad del proceso de extensión universitaria, una experiencia en la Universidad de La Habana.

Quality management is a necessity and opportunity in Higher Education Institutions, to respond efficiently and effectively to the demands of society; for this reason, university processes must update their management mechanisms. The objective of this work is to develop a quality management system for the university extension process at the University of Havana, for which a concurrent mixed investigation was used. A quality management system for the extension process was obtained at the University of Havana, which consists of seven stages (Foundations, Strategic Design, Process Design, Evaluative Design, Integrated Design, Implementation and Evaluation), which is contextualized, flexible, democratic, understandable and operational. Users expressed satisfaction and recognition of the effectiveness and usefulness of the proposal once it is implemented.La gestión de la calidad es una necesidad y oportunidad en las Instituciones de Educación Superior para responder con eficiencia y eficacia a las demandas de la sociedad; por ello los procesos universitarios deben actualizar sus mecanismos de gestión. El presente trabajo persigue como objetivo, desarrollar un sistema de gestión de la calidad del proceso de extensión universitaria en la Universidad de La Habana, para lo cual se empleó una investigación mixta concurrente. Se obtuvo un sistema de gestión de la calidad del proceso extensionista en la Universidad de La Habana, el cual consta de siete etapas (Fundamentación, Diseño estratégico, Diseño de procesos, Diseño evaluativo, Diseño integrado, Implementación y evaluación), que es contextualizado, flexible, democrático, entendible y operativo. Los usuarios manifestaron satisfacción y reconocimiento de la efectividad y utilidad de la propuesta una vez implementada

Psychological Adjustment and Problem Solving Skills in Convicted by Murder or Attempted Murder

Con el objetivo de conocer el ajuste psicológico (sintomatología y diagnóstico clínico) y las destrezas para la resolución de problemas (afrontamiento) en una población de homicidas, se ha llevado a cabo un estudio en el que se contrastaron ambos factores entre una muestra de condenados por homicidio o tentativa de homicidio, con la población normativa. Participaron en el estudio 27 hombres internos en el Centro Penitenciario de Oporto (Portugal), con una edad promedio de 38.63 años. Para la medida del ajuste psicológico se acudió al SCL-90-R, mientras que el afrontamiento fue evaluado mediante el CRI-A. Los resultados revelaron que los reclusos mostraban una probabilidad superior de ser clasificados como casos clínicos en las dimensiones clínicas del SCL90-R, a excepción de Hostilidad, así como puntuaciones significativamente más elevadas en las dimensiones clínicas a excepción de Hostilidad y Ansiedad Fóbica, y en los tres índices globales (i.e., GSI, PST, PSDI). Además, la muestra de condenados se caracterizaba por acudir a estrategias de afrontamiento evitativas, que son reconocidas como formas desadaptativas o improductivas. Asimismo, del estudio de las características delictivas se verificó que la mayoría de los acusados guardaban algún tipo de relación previa con la víctima, y que la muestra homicida se caracterizaba por versatilidad delictiva y tendencia a la reincidencia. Se discuten las implicaciones de estos resultados para la práctica profesional en el contexto penitenciarioWith the aim of knowing about psychological adjustment (clinical symptomatology and diagnosis) and problem-solving skills (coping) in a homicide prison inmate pop­ulation, a study to contrast sentenced murderers or at­tempted murderers with the normative population was conducted. Participated in the research, 27 male prison inmates at the Prison of Oporto (Portugal) with an age average of 38.63. Psychological adjustment and coping strategies were measured with the SCL-90-R checklist and the CRI-A questionnaire, respectively. The results exhibited that prison inmates showed a higher probability of being classified as clinical cases in most of the SCL-90-R dimensions (except in Hostility), as well as signifi­cantly higher scores in almost all of them (with the ex­ception of Hostility and Phobic Anxiety), an in the global indexes (i.e., GSI, PST, PSDI). Furthermore, prison in­mates were characterized by using avoidance coping strategies, which are considered such as maladaptive or unproductive. Likewise, the results from the crimino­logical characteristics of the inmates have revealed that homicides had a previous relationship with the victim, criminal versatility and a recidivism trend. Implications of the results for professional practice in penitentiary setting are discussedS

Consequences of child maltreatment victimisation in internalising and externalising mental health problems

Purpose: The literature on the prevalence of child maltreatment is extensive, but studies are required to assess the impact on mental health to enhance the effectiveness of intervention programs. Method: Thus, a field study was undertaken to evaluate depression, anxiety, and anger in 65 child victims of multiple types of maltreatment. Results: The results showed that child maltreatment victim (CM-V) reported more depressive (36%), anxiety (45%), and anger (69%) symptoms than the normative sample. However, subjects were asymptomatic in approximately 25% of depression, 20% anxiety, and 5% of anger. Epidemiologically, the results revealed that the probability of caseness among the CM-Vs sample increased to around 85% for depression and anxiety and 90% for anger.Conclusions: The clinical, social, and legal implications of the results are discussedThis research has been partially sponsored by a grant of the Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Ordenación Universitaria of the Xunta de Galicia (ED431B 2020/46), and by a grant of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PSI2017-87278-R)S

Stereological Evaluation of Precipitates within Ferrite Grains in Heat-Treated 1.25Cr0.5Mo Steel Previously Exposed to Service

The objective of this work was to study the effect of the heat treatment and further operation aging on the stereological parameters (size, quantity and volume fraction) of precipitates within ferrite grains of a creep-resistant 1.25Cr0.5Mo steel after long-term operation. The heat treatment was similar to the treatment that is carried out in industrial steam pipelines after welding (post weld heat treatment - PWHT) during installation and/or repairing. The operation aging corresponds to a subsequent long in-service operation after repairing. To determine the stereological parameters, SEM digital images were taken from samples of this material after conditions of in-service-aged (after long-term operation), in-service-aged and heat-treated (simulating repairing) and in-service-aged, heat-treated and in-laboratory aged (simulating subsequent long-term operation after repairing). The results indicate that the changes in the stereological parameters of the precipitates within ferrite grains after PWHT is associated with the coarsening process of the within-ferrite-grain precipitates as well as stabilizing the microstructure, since the material aging after PWHT of an in-serviced aged material would not change the stereological parameters

A virtualização no processo de ensino - aprendizagem das ciências exactas

The development of any society depends on the science and technology advances. In the last decades computing turns into a science that permits to achieve the highest aims to the well-being.  Because of that computing resources are necessary at schools. This way it is necessary to stand out software’s for the teaching of different subject. So the objective of this research is to improve the teaching learning process of exact sciences (Mathematic, Physic and Chemistry) specifically for that content that need a high level of abstraction or when it is necessary to demonstrate or prove something. The empirical methods used to obtain these results were observation of classes of these subjects, professors’ interviews, analysis of documents and students’ surveys. The results obtained proved that it is possible and necessary the use of computing as didactic recourse for teaching of these subjects. The first software’s introduced were   in Mathematic (Winplot, Geogebra, Derive, SPSS), in Physic (Crocodile Clips, Trakers, Ides) and in Chemistry (Periodic interactive Table)O desenvolvimento de qualquer sociedade depende em grande medida do nível que a ciência e a técnica têm alcançado. Nas últimas décadas a computação tornou-se em uma ciência que determina a possibilidade de alcançar metas mais altas de bem-estar e prosperidade. É por isso que os recursos computacionais se fazem cada vez mais presentes no contexto escolar. Entre eles, destaca-se o emprego de softwares para o ensino das diferentes disciplinas de estudo, que em nossos dias é considerada por alguns como justificada e inevitável. Esperando que a sua utilização melhore o processo de ensino - aprendizagem das Ciências Exactas, nesta investigação, pretende-se determinar quais são os softwares a introduzir no ensino da Matemática, da Física e da Química. Especificamente para aqueles conteúdos de alto nível de abstracção, devem mostrar-se ou comprovar-se. Os métodos de nível empírico fundamentais empregados para a obtenção dos resultados foram a observação ao processo de ensino – aprendizagem das referidas disciplinas, a entrevista a professores, análise de documentos, e inquéritos aos alunos. Os resultados obtidos reflectem que é possível e preciso o uso da Informática como recurso didáctico para aprendizagem das Ciências Exactas, também constatou-se que os sofwares a serem introduzidos neste processo em um primeiro momento serão, em Matemática (Winplot, Geogebra, Derive, SPSS), em Física (Crocodile Clips, Trakers, Ides) e em Química (A Tabela Periódica interativa

Melioidosis, un souvenir caro e inolvidable

Melioidosis is an endemic disease in Southeast Asia and Northern Australia. It was introduced to Western countries as a result of tourism and commercial traffic. It is more frequent in patients with diabetes and alcoholism. It can produce cutaneous abscesses, pneumonia, bacteremia without focus and osteomyelitis, among other affectations. The delay in diagnosis in non-endemic regions increases mortality. The treatment is based on the use of antibiotics combined with surgical drainage when appropriate. Mortality is high, although early treatment with adequate duration reduces the risk of relapse and death. We present the case of a 26-year-old woman with tibial osteomyelitis caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei after a trip to Thailand.La melioidosis es una enfermedad endémica en el Sudeste Asiático y norte de Australia, e importada a países occidentales como consecuencia del turismo y del tráfico comercial. Es más frecuente en pacientes con diabetes y alcoholismo. Puede producir abscesos cutáneos, neumonía, bacteriemia sin foco y osteomielitis, entre otras afectaciones. El diagnóstico en regiones no endémicas suele retrasarse, lo que aumenta la mortalidad. El tratamiento se basa en el uso de antibióticos combinado con drenaje quirúrgico cuando procede. La mortalidad es elevada, aunque un tratamiento precoz con duración adecuada disminuye el riesgo de recaídas y de muerte. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 26 años con una osteomielitis tibial por Burkholderia pseudomallei tras un viaje a Tailandia

Preparation of marine silage of swordfish, ray and shark visceral waste by lactic acid bacteria

The goal of the present work was to study the efficacy of several lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as bio-silage inoculants of swordfish, ray and shark viscera by-products. A sterilised medium was initially used as a model system for assessing the potential of these microorganisms in batch and fed-batch cultures with re-neutralisation. In all cases, batch cultivations without re-neutralisation led to the highest production and yields of the main metabolites of LAB fermentation (lactic and acetic acids). The dynamics of these metabolites followed a conversion pattern from lactic to acetic acid with a final joint concentration over 16 g/L and final pH lower than 4.5. Both productions were modelled by means of logistic modified equations. In addition, the capability of LAB to ferment the fish visceral wastes was always high and easily reproducible. Finally, the results obtained for non-sterilised fermentations with Lactobacillus casei CECT 4043 were similar to those obtained for sterilised media, and a stable material was obtained after 72 h of culture.Peer reviewe

Propuesta de un modelo ecosistémico para la atención integral a la salud mental perinatal

La atención a la salud mental tradicionalmente ha prestado poca atención a las madres. Son muy escasos en nuestro medio los programas de atención integral a la salud mental perinatal. Proponemos un modelo de encuadre que sirva para la atención integral a la perinatalidad, incluyendo los cuidados a los procesos psíquicos de la reproducción, embarazo, parto y posparto desde una visión ecosistémica inspirada en las propuestas de Urie Bronfenbrenner y John Bowlby, entre otros, integrando las aportaciones de la neurobiología, la epigenética, los modelos de transmisión intergeneracional del apego y el trauma, la sistémica, y añadiendo una perspectiva de género y ecológica que permita visibilizar las necesidades de la díada madre-bebé en el centro como punto de partida para la prevención y la atención en perinatalidad. Proponemos una mirada perinatal como modelo para continuar profundizando en la atención a madres y familias en el inicio de la vida, así como para cuidar también a las profesionales que los atienden. Apostamos por la escucha, el acompañamiento y la psicoterapia como herramientas básicas en la atención comunitaria e individual a madres, bebés y familias