Taphonomy applied to human remains

La tafonomía ha sido ampliamente utilizada en el análisis de restos arqueofaunísticos pero su aplicación en restos humanos hallados en yacimientos arqueológicos es relativamente reciente. En este trabajo se analizará la historia de la tafonomía, así como su importancia en el estudio y análisis de restos humanos en contextos arqueológicos. También se analizarán las principales modificaciones que pueden sufrir los restos desde su muerte, poniendo énfasis en qué morfología presentan estas y cómo alteran los huesos, ya sean antrópicas o no antrópicas. En el caso de las primeras, además se comentarán las posibles implicaciones que pueda tener la aparición de estas marcas.Taphonomy has been widely used by other disciplines for the analysis of faunal remains, but its application in human remains found in archaeological sites is relatively recent. In this essay the history of the discipline will be analyzed, as well as its importance in the study and analysis of human remains in archaeological contexts. The principal modifications that the human remains may undergo after death will also be analyzed, focusing on the morphology they present and how they alter the bones, whether they be anthropical or not. In the case of the former, the possible implications that the appearance of this marks can have will also be remarked.Grado en Histori

Synthesis, structure and reactivity of Pd and Ir complexes based on new lutidine-derived NHC/phosphine mixed pincer ligands

Coordination studies of new lutidine-derived hybrid NHC/phosphine ligands (CNP) to Pd and Ir have been performed. Treatment of the square-planar [Pd(CNP)Cl](AgCl2) complex 2a with KHMDS produces the selective deprotonation at the CH2P arm of the pincer to yield the pyridine-dearomatised complex 3a. A series of cationic [Ir(CNP)(cod)]+ complexes 4 has been prepared by reaction of the imidazolium salts 1 with Ir(acac)(cod). These derivatives exhibit in the solid state, and in solution, a distorted trigonal bipyramidal structure in which the CNP ligands adopt an unusual C(axial)–N(equatorial)–P(equatorial) coordination mode. Reactions of complexes 4 with CO and H2 yield the carbonyl species 5a(Cl) and 6a(Cl), and the dihydrido derivatives 7, respectively. Furthermore, upon reaction of complex 4b(Br) with base, selective deprotonation at the methylene CH2P arms is observed. The, thus formed, deprotonated Ir complex 8b reacts with H2 in a ligand-assisted process leading to the trihydrido complex 9b, which can also be obtained by reaction of 7b(Cl) with H2 in the presence of KOtBu. Finally, the catalytic activity of Ir–CNP complexes in the hydrogenation of ketones has been briefly assessed.CTQ2013-45011-P, CTQ2016-80814-R and CTQ2014 -51912-RE

Effect of oligonucleotide primers in determining viral variability within hosts

BACKGROUND: Genetic variability in viral populations is usually estimated by means of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based methods in which the relative abundance of each amplicon is assumed to be proportional to the frequency of the corresponding template in the initial sample. Although bias in template-to-product ratios has been described before, its relevance in describing viral genetic variability at the intrapatient level has not been fully assessed yet. RESULTS: To investigate the role of oligonucleotide design in estimating viral variability within hosts, genetic diversity in hepatitis C virus (HCV) populations from eight infected patients was characterised by two parallel PCR amplifications performed with two slightly different sets of primers, followed by cloning and sequencing (mean = 89 cloned sequences per patient). Population genetics analyses of viral populations recovered by pairs of amplifications revealed that in seven patients statistically significant differences were detected between populations sampled with different set of primers. CONCLUSIONS: Genetic variability analyses demonstrates that PCR selection due to the choice of primers, differing in their degeneracy degree at some nucleotide positions, can eclipse totally or partially viral variants, hence yielding significant different estimates of viral variability within a single patient and therefore eventually producing quite different qualitative and quantitative descriptions of viral populations within each host

Propuesta de utilización del role-playing como medio de evaluación en el Grado en Biología

Las nuevas técnicas de enseñanza introducen estrategias en las que el alumnado adquiere más protagonismo, desarrollando su propio aprendizaje bajo la tutela del docente. Una de estas herramientas es el juego de roles, o role-playing, en el que los alumnos interpretan el papel de personajes, combinando nuevos conocimientos con los previamente adquiridos. Numerosos estudios avalan esta herramienta, cuyos beneficios para el alumnado son entre otras cosas el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico, de la capacidad analítica, argumentativa y reflexiva, así como el fomento de las competencias de comunicación oral. En el presente trabajo se propone la utilización de un juego de rol en las Jornadas de Puertas Abiertas de la Universidad de Oviedo, en el que participarán alumnos/as de la asignatura de Zoología del Grado en Biología. Dicha actividad sería considerada como actividad práctica y evaluable de la asignatura

Dealcoholized beers reduce atherosclerosis and expression of adhesion molecules in apoE-deficient mice

Polyphenols exert beneficial effects in atherosclerosis. The crucial step in atherosclerosis is the recruitment of monocytes to the subendothelial space, induced by endothelial adhesion molecules through the activation of factors such as NF-κB. We studied the effect of a dealcoholised lager beer (DLB) and a dealcoholised dark beer (DDB) on atherosclerotic lesions, and the underlying mechanisms. Dealcoholised beers were administered in the diet (42 ml/kg body weight per d) to 4-week-old male apoE knockout (apoE - / - ) mice for 20 weeks. The atherosclerotic lesions in the thoracic aorta were reduced by 44 % (P = 0·003) and 51 % (P < 0·001) in DLB- and DDB-treated mice, respectively. Also, the mRNA expressions of the endothelial adhesion molecules in the total aorta were decreased: P-selectin showed a 17 % (P = 0·004) reduction in DDB-treated mice; vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) was decreased by 20 % (P = 0·012) and 32 % (P = 0·001) in DLB- and DDB-treated mice, respectively; intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) showed a 14 % (P = 0·014) reduction in DLB-treated mice. The protein expressions of these molecules and NF-κB were studied in the aortic root. P-selectin was decreased by 37 % (P = 0·012) in DDB-treated mice; VCAM-1 was reduced by 48 % (P = 0·001) and 54 % (P < 0·001) in DLB- and DDB-treated mice, respectively; ICAM-1 was decreased by 25 % (P = 0·028) and 30 % (P = 0·018) in DLB- and DDB-treated mice, respectively; NF-κB was reduced by 46 % (P = 0·042) in DDB-treated mice. In conclusion, dealcoholised beers protected apoE - / - mice against atherosclerosis, through the modulation of endothelial adhesion molecules, possibly induced by NF-κB

Hydrogenation of an iridium-coordinated imidazol-2-ylidene ligand fragment

An iridium complex featuring a metalated lutidine-derived CNP ligand reacts with KOt Bu to yield a dimeric species with the two metal centers bound to the opposite ligands through the CHN arms. Furthermore, reaction with H2 in the presence of KOt Bu of the same iridium derivative results in the hydrogenation of the –CHQCH– imidazolylidene moiety of the complex. NMR spectroscopy monitoring of the latter reaction supports the initial formation of a dihydride iridium complex containing an imidazolylidene ligand fragment that is hydrogenated after prolonged reaction time.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad de España (MINECO) y fondos FEDER de la Unión Europea-CTQ2015-69568-P, CTQ2016-80814-R y CTQ2016- 81797-RED

¡Me he quedado sin agujas!

Los pacientes con DM necesitan de un autocontrol de su enfermedad más exhaustivo para evitar descompensaciones y recaídas de su enfermedad crónica. A través de la teoría de rango medio del autocontrol de la diabetes se empodera a los pacientes en la resolución de pro-blemas y en el entreno de habilidades que incorporan a su vida diaria. El paciente R.A.B.V. es un paciente de 50 años, DM desde hace 20, con un mal control de su enfermedad, con cifras de hemoglobina glicosilada elevadas. Se realiza un plan de cuidados a través de los lenguajes estandarizados NANDA, NOC y NIC. El paciente consiguió una mejora en su salud a través de la adhesión al plan y de nuestra intervención desde el ámbito comunitario.The patients with diabetes need from a self-management of their disease more exhaustive to avoid descompensation and relapses of their chronic disease. Through a middle range theory of the self management of the diabetes, patients are empowered in the resolution of problems and in training of skills which are incorporated in their daily life. R.A.B.V. is a 50-year-old pacient, with DM from 20 years ago with a bad control of her disease, with elevated glycated hemoglobin levels. We make a care plan through the standarized language of NANDA, NOC and NIC. The patient improved in her health through the adhesión to the plan and our intervention from the community level.

Pd-catalyzed δ-C(sp3)−H thiolation of amino acid derivatives

Herein, we report a protocol for the selective δ-thiolation of aliphatic α-amino acids catalyzed by a Pd(II)/Ag(I) system. This reaction employs disulfides as thiolating agents and N-COPy as directing group, providing valuable non-proteinogenic amino acid derivatives in moderate to good diastereoselectivities and yields. Remarkably, the method is also suitable for the late-stage functionalization of a dipeptide. Experimental and DFT studies have provided significant insights into the mechanism and underlying factors controlling the selectivity of the process and determining the key role of the silver saltPGC2018-098660-B-I00, PID2021-124853NB-10

Miradas de artista al Museo de la Farmacia Hispana

El presente proyecto busca establecer una serie de pautas y dinámicas metodológicas que faciliten el aprendizaje e investigación transversal tanto para docentes como para discentes toamando como partida el MFH como fuente de información principal

Educación para la ciudadanía global basada en investigación: marco teórico

La presente publicación esboza el nuevo contexto educativo, caracterizado por la existencia de una ciudadanía global; plantea la estrategia didáctica de la investigación formativa y algunas pautas para implementarla en el ámbito escolar; y explica, desde una óptica práctica, cómo el profesorado puede tutorizar las diferentes fases de un proyecto de investigación.Está publicación ha sido realizada con el apoyo financiero de la Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID). El contenido de dicha publicación es responsabilidad exclusiva de Món-3 y Fundació Solidaritat UB y no refleja necesariamente la opinión de la AECID