Foundational Challenges in Automated Data and Ontology Cleaning in the Semantic Web

The application of automated reasoning systems to data cleaning in the Semantic Web raises many challenges on the foundational basis of cleaning agent design. The authors discuss some of them. They finally argue that logic trust in the Semantic Web can only be achieved if it is based on certified reasoning.Junta de Andalucía TIC-13

Estimación de la ingesta diaria de compuestos fenólicos en la población española

Introduction: Phenolic compounds are a large group of molecules present in plants with a diversity of chemical structures and biological activity. The objective of this study was to quantify the intake of phenolic compounds of the Spanish population.Material and Methods: The most consumed foods from vegetal origin in Spain were selected. These were picked up in the National Survey of Spanish Dietary Intake (ENIDE) of 2011, edited by AESAN (Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition) as a basis for quantifying the intake of phenolic compounds of Spaniards using the Phenol-Explorer database.Results: This database has allowed to estimate the average intake of polyphenols per day of Spaniards, which is 1365.1mg.Conclusions: The average intake of total polyphenols of Spaniards could have a protective effect against the mortality rate and exercise a preventive function on some chronic diseases along with other healthy lifestyle habits.Introducción: Los compuestos fenólicos son un amplio grupo de moléculas presentes en los vegetales con diversidad de estructuras químicas y actividad biológica. El objetivo de este estudio fue cuantificar la ingesta de compuestos fenólicos de los españoles.Material y Métodos: Se seleccionaron los alimentos de origen vegetal más consumidos en España, recogidos en la Encuesta Nacional de Ingesta Dietética Española (ENIDE) del año 2011, editada por AESAN (Agencia Española de Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutrición) como base para cuantificar la ingesta de compuestos fenólicos de los españoles usando la base de datos Phenol-Explorer.Resultados: Esta base de datos ha permitido estimar la ingesta media de polifenoles por día de los españoles que es de 1365,1 mg.Conclusiones: La ingesta media de polifenoles totales de los españoles podría tener un efecto protector frente a la tasa de mortalidad y ejercer una función preventiva sobre algunas enfermedades crónicas junto con otros hábitos de vida saludable

Tomato Juice Consumption Modifies the Urinary Peptide Profile in Sprague-Dawley Rats with Induced Hepatic Steatosis

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disorder in Western countries, with a high prevalence, and has been shown to increase the risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), etc. Tomato products contain several natural antioxidants, including lycopene—which has displayed a preventive effect on the development of steatosis and CVD. Accordingly, the aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of tomato juice consumption on the urinary peptide profile in rats with NAFLD induced by an atherogenic diet and to identify potential peptide biomarkers for diagnosis. Urine samples, collected weekly for four weeks, were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled to a mass spectrometer (MS). A partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was carried out to explore the association between differential peptides and treatments. Among the 888 peptides initially identified, a total of 55 were obtained as potential biomarkers. Rats with steatosis after tomato juice intake showed a profile intermediate between that of healthy rats and that of rats with induced hepatic steatosis. Accordingly, tomato products could be considered as a dietary strategy for the impairment of NAFLD, although further research should be carried out to develop a specific biomarkers panel for NAFLD.This research was supported by the projects Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO)/Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER-EU) BIO2012-38103. We acknowledge support by the CSIC Open Access Publication Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI

Elevation Effects on Air Temperature in a Topographically Complex Mountain Valley in the Spanish Pyrenees

© 2020 by the authors.Air temperature changes as a function of elevation were analyzed in a valley of the Spanish Pyrenees. We analyzed insolation, topography and meteorological conditions in order to understand how complex topoclimatic environments develop. Clustering techniques were used to define vertical patterns of air temperature covering more than 1000 m of vertical elevation change. Ten locations from the bottom of the valley to the summits were monitored from September 2016 to June 2019. The results show that (i) night-time lapse rates were between −4 and −2 °C km−1, while in the daytime they were from −6 to −4 °C km−1, due to temperature inversions and topography. Daily maximum temperature lapse rates were steeper from March to July, and daily minimum temperatures were weaker from June to August, and in December. (ii) Different insolation exposure within and between the two analyzed slopes strongly influenced diurnal air temperatures, creating deviations from the general lapse rates. (iii) Usually, two cluster patterns were found (i.e., weak and steep), which were associated with stable and unstable weather conditions, respectively, in addition to high-low atmospheric pressure and low-high relative humidity. The results will have direct applications in disciplines that depend on air temperature estimations (e.g., snow studies, water resources and sky tourism, among others).This study was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness project CGL2017-82216-R (HIDROIBERNIEVE). Navarro-Serrano, F. is the recipient of a pre-doctoral FPU grant (Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports, FPU15/00742). Revuelto, J. is supported by the INDECIS project, which is part of ERA4CS, and by ERA-NET, initiated by JPI Climate, and funded by FORMAS (SE), DLR (DE), BMWFW (AT), IFD (DK), MINECO (SP), ANR (FR) with co-funding by the European Union (Grant 690462). Alonso-González, E. and Aznárez-Balta, M. are beneficiaries of a pre-doctoral FPI grant (Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, BES-2015-071466 and PRE2018-084295), and Azorin-Molina, C. of the Ramon y Cajal fellowship (RYC-2017-22830).Peer reviewe

Determination of plantar pressure in people who use orthoses of the foot

[Abstract] Objective: to know the transfer of static plantar pressures and body weight distribution through the lower limbs that occur in people with and without the use of orthoses of different densities and influence in other areas of the foot. Material and Methods: 32 people participated through non-probability convenience sampling in a quasi-experimental study in which self-reported data were recorded, the determination of plantar pressure, and body weight distribution. Results: 64 feet were studied, showing no difference between the medium pressure and the forefoot without orthoses of 5 mm and 10 mm. Decrease in average pressure and percentage of body weight, both statistically significant, with hindfoot orthoses 10 mm was observed. Conclusions: Given the current evidence for the prescribing and use of foot orthoses is limited, designed to improve the functionality and prevent the onset of disease and foot deformities, these results highlight the need to prescribe orthotics 10 mm when needed to relieve pressure on the backfoot, not seeing the average pressure increased nor diminished in other areas of the foo

Monitoring Chest Compression Rate in Automated External Defibrillators Using the Autocorrelation of the Transthoracic Impedance

Aim High-quality chest compressions is challenging for bystanders and first responders to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Long compression pauses and compression rates higher than recommended are common and detrimental to survival. Our aim was to design a simple and low computational cost algorithm for feedback on compression rate using the transthoracic impedance (TI) acquired by automated external defibrillators (AEDs). Methods ECG and TI signals from AED recordings of 242 OHCA patients treated by basic life support (BLS) ambulances were retrospectively analyzed. Beginning and end of chest compression series and each individual compression were annotated. The algorithm computed a biased estimate of the autocorrelation of the TI signal in consecutive non-overlapping 2-s analysis windows to detect the presence of chest compressions and estimate compression rate. Results A total of 237 episodes were included in the study, with a median (IQR) duration of 10 (6-16) min. The algorithm performed with a global sensitivity in the detection of chest compressions of 98.7%, positive predictive value of 98.7%, specificity of 97.1%, and negative predictive value of 97.1% (validation subset including 207 episodes). The unsigned error in the estimation of compression rate was 1.7 (1.3-2.9) compressions per minute. Conclusion Our algorithm is accurate and robust for real-time guidance on chest compression rate using AEDs. The algorithm is simple and easy to implement with minimal software modifications. Deployment of AEDs with this capability could potentially contribute to enhancing the quality of chest compressions in the first minutes from collapse.The Basque Government provided support in the form of a grant for research groups (IT1087-16) for authors Sofia Ruiz de Gauna, Jesus Maria Ruiz, and Jose Julio Gutierrez. The Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness provided support in the form of a grant for research projects (RTI2018-094396-BI00) for authors Sofia Ruiz de Gauna, Jesus Maria Ruiz, and Jose Julio Gutierrez; and in the form of the program Torres Quevedo (PTQ-16-08201) for author Digna Maria Gonzalez-Otero. The University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) provided support in the form of a grant for collaboration between research groups and companies (US18/30) for authors Sofia Ruiz de Gauna, Jesus Maria Ruiz, and Jose Julio Gutierrez. Bexen Cardio, a Spanish medical device manufacturer, provided support in the form of a salary for author Digna Mara Gonzalez-Otero. None of the above funding organizations had any additional role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The specific role of each author is articulated in the Author Contributions section. Authors Daniel Alonso, Carlos Corcuera, and Juan Francisco Urtusagasti received no funding for this work

Desarrollo del modelo de negocio canvas en microempresas de las parroquias rurales del Distrito Metropolitano de Quito

Canvas as a business model proposal is an agile and practical methodology forstructuring proposals of value. Its scope of application is broad: from large companies tomicroenterprises and middle enterprises. This paper, describes the application of the modelinvestigated in six microenterprises belonging to two parish councils in Quito: Tababela andCheca. We worked with a random sample of 479 business clients. The process followed was acharacterization of each parish, identification of the microenterprises, a survey was applied tothe clients and an interview with the owners of the businesses. With these inputs, a situationaldiagnosis was made involving the nine modules of the Canvas business model. These resultswere taxed to the internal analysis and allowed the preparation of the canvas for each business.In conclusion, the Canvas business model applied in the six microenterprises will improve theirincome, customer service and consolidate them as business initiativesCanvas como propuesta de modelo de negocio constituye una metodología ágil y práctica para estructurar propuestas de valor. Su ámbito de aplicación es amplio: desde las grandes empresas hasta microempresas y emprendimientos. En este trabajo se investigó la aplicación del modelo en seis microempresas pertenecientes a dos parroquiales rurales de Quito: Tababela y Checa. Se trabajó con una muestra aleatoria de 479 clientes de los negocios. El proceso seguido fue una caracterización de cada parroquia, identificación de las microempresas, se aplicó una encuesta a los clientes y una entrevista a los propietarios de los negocios. Con estos insumos se realizó un diagnóstico situacional que implicó los nueve módulos del modelo de negocio Canvas. Estos resultados tributaron al análisis interno y permitieron la elaboración del lienzo para cada negocio. En conclusión, el modelo de negocio Canvas aplicado en las seis microempresas permitirá mejorar sus ingresos, la atención al cliente y consolidarlas como iniciativas empresariales

Daily gridded datasets of snow depth and snow water equivalent for the Iberian Peninsula from 1980 to 2014

We present snow observations and a validated daily gridded snowpack dataset that was simulated from downscaled reanalysis of data for the Iberian Peninsula. The Iberian Peninsula has long-lasting seasonal snowpacks in its different mountain ranges, and winter snowfall occurs in most of its area. However, there are only limited direct observations of snow depth (SD) and snow water equivalent (SWE), making it difficult to analyze snow dynamics and the spatiotemporal patterns of snowfall. We used meteorological data from downscaled reanalyses as input of a physically based snow energy balance model to simulate SWE and SD over the Iberian Peninsula from 1980 to 2014. More specifically, the ERA-Interim reanalysis was downscaled to 10 km 10 km resolution using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The WRF outputs were used directly, or as input to other submodels, to obtain data needed to drive the Factorial Snow Model (FSM). We used lapse rate coefficients and hygrobarometric adjustments to simulate snow series at 100m elevations bands for each 10 km 10 km grid cell in the Iberian Peninsula. The snow series were validated using data from MODIS satellite sensor and ground observations. The overall simulated snow series accurately reproduced the interannual variability of snowpack and the spatial variability of snow accumulation and melting, even in very complex topographic terrains. Thus, the presented dataset may be useful for many applications, including land management, hydrometeorological studies, phenology of flora and fauna, winter tourism, and risk management. The data presented here are freely available for download from Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.854618). This paper fully describes the work flow, data validation, uncertainty assessment, and possible applications and limitations of the database.Esteban Alonso-González is supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (BES- 2015-071466). This study was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness projects CGL2014-52599-P 10 (Estudio del manto de nieve en la montaña española y su respuesta a la variabilidad y cambio climatico) and CGL2017- 82216-R (HIDROIBERNIEVE) and (with additional support from the European Community funds, FEDER) CGL2013-48539-R (Impactos del cambio climático en los recursos hídricos de la cuenca del Duero a alta resolución). Also, the Regional Government of Andalusia has funded this research with the project P11-RNM-7941 (Impactos del Cambio Climático en la cuenca del Guadalquivir, LICUA)

Experience with Artificial Neural Networks Applied in Multi-object Adaptive Optics

The use of artificial Intelligence techniques has become widespread in many fields of science, due to their ability to learn from real data and adjust to complex models with ease. These techniques have landed in the field of adaptive optics, and are being used to correct distortions caused by atmospheric turbulence in astronomical images obtained by ground-based telescopes. Advances for multi-object adaptive optics are considered here, focusing particularly on artificial neural networks, which have shown great performance and robustness when compared with other artificial intelligence techniques. The use of artificial neural networks has evolved to the extent of the creation of a reconstruction technique that is capable of estimating the wavefront of light after being deformed by the atmosphere. Based on this idea, different solutions have been proposed in recent years, including the use of new types of artificial neural networks. The results of techniques based on artificial neural networks have led to further applications in the field of adaptive optics, which are included in here, such as the development of new techniques for solar observation or their application in novel types of sensors