Fragility of species: tensions between biologists and artisanal fishermen about marine conservation

Este artículo analiza en forma interdisciplinaria las relaciones humano-animal de un grupo de pescadores artesanales de Argentina, cuyo oficio los lleva a capturar incidentalmente mamíferos y reptiles marinos amenazados. Abordaremos la interacción entre esta comunidad y un grupo de biólogos que busca la conservación de esas especies. Nuestra hipótesis es que las relaciones humano-animal comprendidas en la práctica de pesca artesanal de esta comunidad pueden ser explicadas a partir de una yuxtaposición de los tres paradigmas definidos por Pálsson (2001): el orientalista, el paternalista y el comunalista. Si bien los pescadores clasifican a las especies animales en torno a su posibilidad de ser explotadas como recurso, eventualmente negocian con los biólogos la protección de alguna de estas, reinventándose como conservacionistas estratégicos. La convivencia de los primeros dos paradigmas no opaca además el tácito comunalismo que impregna el mundo del trabajo y de la vida de los pescadores.This article analyzes, from an interdisciplinary perspective, the complexity of human-animal relations of fishers from Argentina. In their daily activities, they incidentally capture threatened marine reptiles and mammals. Our purpose is also to address the interaction between this fishing community and a group of biologists that seek to protect these species. Our hypothesis is that the human-animal relations in the practice of artisanal fishing may be explained from an alternation or juxtaposition of the three paradigms defined by Pálsson (2001): orientalism, paternalism and communalism. While fishers classify the species around their possibility of being exploited or not as resources, they negotiate with the biologists the protection of any of them. In this sense, they reinvent themselves as strategic conservationists. Finally, the coexistence of the first two paradigms does not preclude the tacit communalism that permeates the world of work and life of this fishing community.Fil: Carman, Maria. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Instituto de Investigaciones ; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: González Carman, Victoria. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Instituto de Investigaciones ; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Postnatal environmental enrichment enhances memory through distinct neural mechanisms in healthy and trisomic female mice

Stimulating lifestyles have powerful effects on cognitive abilities, especially when they are experienced early in life. Cognitive therapies are widely used to improve cognitive impairment due to intellectual disability, aging, and neurodegeneration, however the underlying neural mechanisms are poorly understood. We investigated the neural correlates of memory amelioration produced by postnatal environmental enrichment (EE) in diploid mice and the Ts65Dn mouse model of Down syndrome (trisomy 21). We recorded neural activities in brain structures key for memory processing, the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex, during rest, sleep and memory performance in mice reared in non-enriched or enriched environments. Enriched wild-type animals exhibited enhanced neural synchrony in the hippocampus across different brain states (increased gamma oscillations, theta-gamma coupling, sleep ripples). Trisomic females showed increased theta and gamma rhythms in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex across different brain states along with enlarged ripples and disrupted circuit gamma signals that were associated with memory deficits. These pathological activities were attenuated in their trisomic EE-reared peers. Our results suggest distinct neural mechanisms for the generation and rescue of healthy and pathological brain synchrony, respectively, by EE and put forward hippocampal-prefrontal hypersynchrony and miscommunication as major targets underlying the beneficial effects of EE in intellectual disability

PREVENCIÓN DE LA DEPRESIÓN EN EL ADULTO MAYOR, CASO DE ESTUDIO EN EL MUNICIPIO DE CHIMALHUACÁN, EDO. DE MÉXICO

Al realizar las intervenciones propuestas dentro del programa antes mencionado, se observó que la población de adultos mayores de dicha casa de día, tuvieron cambios notorios que van desde la convivencia entre ellos, hasta su forma de expresarse ante los demás y del concepto de sí mismos. Los temas tratados dentro del mismo con la correcta implementación y adecuación ayudaron a que la población en cuestión, adquiriera habilidades psicológicas y verbales, que ayudaron a que ellos lograran expresar de forma asertiva sus necesidades emocionales, y de manera corporal pudieran conocer tanto sus limitantes como sus posibilidades, las cuales les permitirán realizar de manera autónoma actividades que ayuden a reducir dolencias o afectaciones de salud física, todo esto para su beneficio individual y colectivo.Actualmente los problemas de salud en el adulto mayor han ido en aumento, sin encontrar soluciones favorables para este grupo, por lo que en la presente investigación pretende profundizar en dicho tema. La tesis tuvo como objetivo prevenir la depresión en adultos mayores a través de intervenciones sustentadas en la creación de un Programa de Salud. Donde participaron 60 adultos mayores de manera voluntaria, con una edad promedio de 60 años. El estudio fue cuali-cuantitativo1, así mismo fue transversal, experimental, analítico y de metodología descriptiva, mismo que se trabajó con adultos mayores de forma directa a través de la aplicación de un consentimiento y asentimiento informado, una guía de observación, una guía de entrevista, la escala de Yesavage Abreviada y la creación de un programa de salud, todo esto se realizó con la finalidad de conocer sus habilidades, aptitudes y el entorno de la población. Los resultados que se recolectaron, fueron procesados e interpretados, para así obtener los argumentos y sustentación de la misma

ANÁLISIS SOCIOLINGÜÍSTICO DE VARIANTES FONÉTICAS EN LA COMUNIDAD DE SAN LUIS MEXTEPEC

El habla de cada individuo de una comunidad presenta diferencias dignas de análisis. La sociolingüística tiene un amplio campo de estudio, tomando en consideración todo lo que la atañe, como su nombre lo indica, no sólo toma en cuenta factores de índole lingüístico, sino que además se preocupa de los factores sociales que se involucran. Cada individuo tiene características peculiares que lo distinguen, sin embargo el contexto del que se rodea interfiere en estas características, además de factores sociales y geográficos. El presente estudio llamado “análisis sociolingüístico de variantes fonéticas en San Luis Mextepec”, se enfoca en el análisis fonético de ocho variantes de habla cuidada en la comunidad de San Luis Mextepec municipio de Zinacantepec. Partimos de la hipótesis que las ocho variantes fonéticas en el habla cuidada están correlacionadas con variables sociolingüísticas

Preclinical Development of RNAi-Inducing Oligonucleotide Therapeutics for Eye Diseases

RNA interference (RNAi) is a posttranscriptional mechanism of gene regulation present in eukaryotic cells. Inducers of RNAi are small molecules of RNA that act in the cytoplasm where they are able to impair translation of a specific mRNA to protein, hence modifying gene expression. The discovery of this mechanism in mammals led to the development of a new class of therapeutics with the aim of exploiting this endogenous mechanism of action. In the last decade, great efforts have been put into understanding RNAi and translating this accumulated knowledge into the design of modern therapeutics. With several compounds in phase III clinical development, the field is getting closer to its first market authorization. Here we make a thorough overview of the field of RNAi therapeutics in ophthalmology, one of the fields in which RNAi has been most successful

Serotonin 5-HT1A receptors modulate neural rhythms in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus and prefronto-hippocampal connectivity in alert mice

Theserotonergic system plays a crucial role in cognition and is a target of many psychiatric treatments. In particular, serotonin 5-HT1A receptors (5-HT1AR) in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus play key roles in learning, memory, behavioral flexibility, and response inhibition. Here, we investigated how 5-HT1A receptors influence neural network dynamics in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus and prefronto-hippocampal functional connectivity in alert mice. We found that pharmacological stimulation of 5-HT1AR with 8-OH-DPAT markedly reduces theta, beta, and high gamma oscillations in both areas and weakens prefronto-hippocampal phase synchronization at theta and beta frequencies. Pharmacological inhibition of 5-HT1A receptors with WAY-100635 reduces theta and high gamma oscillatory activity but increases beta and delta oscillations. It also weakens prefronto-hippocampal phase synchronization at theta frequencies. These results reveal that prefronto-hippocampal neurodynamics are highly sensitive to 5-HT1A manipulation and may be relevant for understanding the actions of psychiatric medication targeting the serotonergic system.Peer ReviewedPreprin

Intestinal microbiota modulation in obesity-related non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

[EN] Obesity and associated comorbidities, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), are a major concern to public well-being worldwide due to their high prevalence among the population, and its tendency on the rise point to as important threats in the future. Therapeutic approaches for obesity-associated disorders have been circumscribed to lifestyle modifications and pharmacological therapies have demonstrated limited efficacy. Over the last few years, different studies have shown a significant role of intestinal microbiota (IM) on obesity establishment and NAFLD development. Therefore, modulation of IM emerges as a promising therapeutic strategy for obesity-associated diseases. Administration of prebiotic and probiotic compounds, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and exercise protocols have shown a modulatory action over the IM. In this review we provide an overview of current approaches targeting IM which have shown their capacity to counteract NAFLD and metabolic syndrome features in human patients and animal models.SIThis work was supported by grants to JG-G and SS-C from Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad/FEDER (BFU2017- 87960-R) and Junta de Castilla y León (LE063U16 and GRS 1888/A/18). DP was supported by a fellowship from Junta de Castilla y León co-financed by the European Social Fund. EN was supported by Fundación de Investigación Sanitaria of León. MG-M was supported by CIBERehd contracts. CIBERehd is funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain

Principales Causas de los Accidentes y/o Incidentes laborales por Especialidad Presentados en la Empresa Ingeniería y Consultoría S.A. Durante la Vigencia 2012

Tesis Especialización en Salud Ocupacional, Gerencia y Control de Riesgos, disponible también en medio físico. Nota de resumen: Seguimiento a la accidentalidad laboral a la cual se encontraron expuestos los trabajadores vinculados a la empresa Ingeniería y Consultoría S.A. durante la vigencia 2012, principales causas de los accidentes y/o incidentes de origen laboral por especialidad. I.Pimentel Murillo, SandraAcervo Bibliográfico1.Salud ocupacional -- Tesis, disertaciones académicas, etc. -- CD-ROM 2.Ingeniería y Consultoría S.A. -- Accidentes laborales -- Tesis, disertaciones académicas, etc. -- CD-ROM 3.Autocuidado -- Tesis, disertaciones académicas, etc. -- CD-ROM 4.Seguridad en el trabajo -- Tesis, disertaciones académicas, etc. -- CD-RO

Planktonic eukaryote molecular diversity: discrimination of minerotrophic and ombrotrophic peatland pools in Tierra del Fuego (Argentina)

We investigated the composition of the smallest size fraction (<3 µm) of eukaryotic plankton communities of five pools located in the Rancho Hambre peat bog in Argentinean Tierra del Fuego with an IlluminaHiSeq massive sequencing approach applied to the v9 region of the eukaryotic SSU rRNA gene. Communities were generally dominated by chrysophytes, with a good representation of Perkinsea and Cercozoa clade NC-10. A community composition analysis performed using GUniFraC separated minerotrophic and ombrotrophic sites, reflecting perfectly the classification of the sites based on environmental data. However, this separation disappeared when more weight was given to abundant phylotypes, suggesting that subordinate phylotypes were responsible for site discrimination. The 5% best indicators for, respectively, minerotrophic and ombrotrophic environments were searched using an IndVal analysis. Among these, autotrophic taxa were more common in minerotrophic environments, whereas mixotrophic taxa represented best ombrotrophic water bodies. However, the ecological traits of many taxa have still not been determined, and still needs to be investigated for a better understanding of freshwater systems ecolog

Case report of a gallbladder agenesis, a diagnostic challenge

Agenesis of the gallbladder is an underdiagnosed entity. It can be an asymptomatic pathology, usually diagnosed incidentally as a finding on imaging techniques or in necropsies. There are symptomatic cases presenting as biliary colic too, attributed to cholecystitis or cholangitis, leading to exploratory surgeries. We present a 14-year-old boy admitted to the outpatient Pediatric Gastroenterology Department with a history of daily abdominal pain for the past 2 months. Blood and fecal tests were normal. Coeliac disease, inflammatory intestinal diseases and Helicobacter pylori infection were ruled out. An abdominal US was informed of a hypodistensed gallbladder with no other findings. A CT scan was performed, which reported of an absent gallbladder. Upon these findings, a Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) was carried out, confirming the diagnosis of agenesis of the gallbladder. Its diagnosis still poses a challenge, as an absent gallbladder may not always be apparent by US, with the MRCP being the gold-standard test for examining the biliary tract. The prognosis is usually good, and the treatment of choice consists of antispasmodics when needed. There are few cases reported in literature, for this reason, our article discusses the most important aspects of agenesis of the gallbladder in order to suspect it, request the appropriate tests and saving unnecessary surgical interventions. Gallbladder agenesis is a rare entity that can lead to unnecessary diagnostic tests and interventions. The MRCP is the gold-standard test. Despite its benign nature, symptomatic treatment might be required in order to improve the patient's quality of life