Diseño de una interfaz eléctrica aplicada a la transmisión de datos

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias de la Ingeniería Eléctrica con Especialidad en Electrónica) UANLUANLhttp://www.uanl.mx

RESOLVIENDO EL PROBLEMA DE OPTIMIZACIÓN DEL DISEÑO DE PARQUES EÓLICOS EMPLEANDO ALGORITMOS GENÉTICOS (SOLVING THE WIND FARM LAYOUT OPTIMIZATION PROBLEM USING GENETIC ALGORITHMS)

ResumenLa construcción de parques eólicos está destinada a incrementarse en los países que buscan la sustentabilidad ambiental. Una etapa importante en la construcción de parques eólicos es resolver el problema de optimización del diseño del parque, el cual consiste en distribuir un conjunto de aerogeneradores de tal manera que las pérdidas de energía ocasionadas por los efectos estela se minimicen y la producción de energía esperada se maximice. El efecto estela es un fenómeno que debe ser tomado en cuenta para obtener la mejor configuración de un campo eólico. Este problema es considerado por la comunidad científica como un problema de optimización NP-Duro, causando suma atención y relevancia. En esta investigación se implementa una metaheurística evolutiva, específicamente algoritmos genéticos para encontrar la ubicación óptima de aerogeneradores, considerando el efecto estela. Los resultados demuestran que el método metaheurístico provee una solución de configuración de alta calidad en un tiempo computacional razonable.Palabras Clave: Algoritmos Genéticos, Aerogeneradores, Campos Eólicos, Efecto Estela, Optimización combinatoria. AbstractThe construction of wind farms is destined to increase in countries that seek environmental sustainability. An important phase in the construction of wind farms is solving the wind farm layout optimization problem, which consists of distributing a set of wind turbines in such a way that the energy losses caused by wake effects are minimized and the expected energy production maximized. The wake effect is a phenomenon that must be taken into account to obtain the best configuration of a wind farm. This problem is considered by the scientific community as an NP-Hard optimization problem, causing a lot of attention and relevance. In this research an evolutionary metaheuristic is implemented, specifically genetic algorithms to find the optimal location of wind turbines, considering the wake effect. The results demonstrate that the metaheuristic method provides a high quality configuration solution in a reasonable computational time. Keywords: Combinatorial Optimization, Genetic Algorithms, Wake Effect, Wind Farms, Wind Turbines

Two membrane proteins from Bifidobacterium breve UCC2003 constitute an ABC-type multidrug transporter

Intrinsic resistance to drugs is one of the main determining factors in bacterial survival in the intestinal ecosystem. This is mediated by, among others, multidrug resistance (MDR) transporters, membrane proteins which extrude noxious compounds with very different chemical structures and cellular targets. Two genes from Bifidobacterium breve encoding hypothetical membrane proteins with a high homology with members of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family of multidrug efflux transporters, were expressed separately and jointly in Lactococcus lactis. Cells co-expressing both proteins exhibited enhanced resistance levels to the antimicrobials nisin and polymyxin B. Furthermore, the drug extrusion activity in membrane vesicles was increased when both proteins were co-expressed, compared to membranes in which the proteins were produced independently. Both proteins were co-purified from the membrane as a stable complex in a 1 :1 ratio. This is believed to be the first study of a functional ABC-type multidrug transporter in Bifidobacterium and contributes to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the capacity of intestinal bacteria to tolerate cytotoxic compoundsThis work was financed by the European Union STREP project ACEART(FP6-506214), European Union FEDER funds, and the Spanish Plan Nacional de I+D (project AGL2004-06727-C02). J. A. Moreno was the recipient of a post-doctoral contract from CSIC (I3P programme), Spain. The work was also financially suported by the Department of Agriculture and Food FIRM programme (01/R&D/C/ 159), by the Higher Education Authority Programme for Research in Third Level Institutions, and by the SFI-funded Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre.Peer reviewe

Two membrane proteins from Bifidobacterium breve UCC2003 constitute an ABC-type multidrug transporter

Intrinsic resistance to drugs is one of the main determining factors in bacterial survival in the intestinal ecosystem. This is mediated by, among others, multidrug resistance (MDR) transporters, membrane proteins which extrude noxious compounds with very different chemical structures and cellular targets. Two genes from Bifidobacterium breve encoding hypothetical membrane proteins with a high homology with members of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family of multidrug efflux transporters, were expressed separately and jointly in Lactococcus lactis. Cells co-expressing both proteins exhibited enhanced resistance levels to the antimicrobials nisin and polymyxin B. Furthermore, the drug extrusion activity in membrane vesicles was increased when both proteins were co-expressed, compared to membranes in which the proteins were produced independently. Both proteins were co-purified from the membrane as a stable complex in a 1 :1 ratio. This is believed to be the first study of a functional ABC-type multidrug transporter in Bifidobacterium and contributes to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the capacity of intestinal bacteria to tolerate cytotoxic compoundsThis work was financed by the European Union STREP project ACEART(FP6-506214), European Union FEDER funds, and the Spanish Plan Nacional de I+D (project AGL2004-06727-C02). J. A. Moreno was the recipient of a post-doctoral contract from CSIC (I3P programme), Spain. The work was also financially suported by the Department of Agriculture and Food FIRM programme (01/R&D/C/ 159), by the Higher Education Authority Programme for Research in Third Level Institutions, and by the SFI-funded Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre.Peer reviewe

Matemática Discreta y Álgebra Lineal

En estas notas se da la teoría básica y ejemplos (muchos de ellos implementados en maxima) sobre álgebra lineal y matemática discreta.In these notes we explain the basics of linear algebra and discrete mathematics. We provide plenty of examples implemented in maxima

Diet: Cause or consequence of the microbial profile of cholelithiasis disease?

Recent dietary habits and lifestyle could explain the shaping of the gut microbiota composition and, in consequence, the increasing prevalence of certain pathologies. However, little attention has been paid to the influence of diet on microbiotas, other than the gut microbiota. This is important in cholelithiasis, given that changes in the production of bile acids may affect gallbladder microbial communities. Our aim was to assess the association between regular dietary intake and gallbladder microbial composition. Fourteen adults with cholelithiasis and 14 controls, sex-age-matched and without gastrointestinal pathology, were included. Diet was assessed through a food frequency questionnaire and quantification of gallbladder microbiota sequences by Illumina 16S rRNA gene-based analysis. The cholelithiasic patients showed greater intake of potatoes and lower consumption of vegetables, non-alcoholic drinks, and sauces, which resulted in a lower intake of energy, lipids, digestible polysaccharides, folate, calcium, magnesium, vitamin C, and some phenolic compounds. Regarding the altered bile microorganisms in cholelithiasic patients, dairy product intake was negatively associated with the proportions of Bacteroidaceae and Bacteroides, and several types of fiber, phenolics, and fatty acids were linked to the abundance of Bacteroidaceae, Chitinophagaceae, Propionibacteraceae, Bacteroides, and Escherichia-Shigella. These results support a link between diet, biliary microbiota, and cholelithiasis.This research was funded by the Spanish “Plan Estatal de I+D+i” Grant number (AGL2013-44761-P) I. Gutiérrez-Díaz was supported by “Plan Regional de Investigación del Principado de Asturias” Grant number (GRUPIN14-043).Peer reviewe

Microwave cooking of ready-to-eat cauliflower: Packaging design and quality parameters evaluation

[SPA] Se ha estudiado la conservación de coliflor mínimamente procesada en un envase apto para la cocción posterior en microondas. Para ello, se ha realizado un diseño del envase, adecuando la permeabilidad del film a las necesidades del producto. Se han realizado dos tratamientos a las muestras, el primero consistía en un tratamiento higienizante y el segundo incluía un tratamiento antioxidante adicional. Los resultados indican un mejor comportamiento de los floretes que únicamente habían recibido el baño desinfectante. Los recuentos de aerobios mesófilos fueron siempre inferiores a 107 UFC/g, y fueron la apariencia y la aparición de sabores extraños las características que determinaron la vida útil de este producto. La cocción al microondas del producto, permitió mantener los niveles de vitamina C próximos a los valores del producto antes de cocinarlo. [ENG] Shelf-life of a ready-to-eat cauliflower in a plastic package that allows a further microwave cooking has been studied. The first part of this work consisted in the design of the packaging, adapting the film permeability to the particular needs of this product. Two different preservation treatments have been applied. The first one consisted in an sanitizing dip and the second one included an additional antioxidant treatment after the sanitation. Results obtained showed a better shelf-life evolution in those cauliflower florets in which only sanitizing treatment has been applied. Aerobic mesophilic counts in all the studied conditions were lower than 107 UFC/g. External appearance and off-flavours have been shown as the limiting factors of cauliflower shelf-life. Microwave cooking of cauliflower in the designed package maintains vitamin C contents of the cooked product at levels similar to those found before cooking.Esta investigación ha sido financiada por el proyecto titulado “Aseguramiento de la calidad en Coliflor en Navarra: caracterización y conservación”, del Departamento de Educación del Gobierno de Navarra

Tamoxifen ameliorates peritoneal membrane damage by blocking mesothelial to mesenchymal transition in peritoneal dialysis

Mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (MMT) is an auto-regulated physiological process of tissue repair that in uncontrolled conditions such as peritoneal dialysis (PD) can lead to peritoneal fibrosis. The maximum expression of peritoneal fibrosis induced by PD fluids and other peritoneal processes is the encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) for which no specific treatment exists. Tamoxifen, a synthetic estrogen, has successfully been used to treat retroperitoneal fibrosis and EPS associated with PD. Hence, we used in vitro and animal model approaches to evaluate the efficacy of Tamoxifen to inhibit the MMT as a trigger of peritoneal fibrosis. In vitro studies were carried out using omentum-derived mesothelial cells (MCs) and effluent-derived MCs. Tamoxifen blocked the MMT induced by transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, as it preserved the expression of E-cadherin and reduced the expression of mesenchymal-associated molecules such as snail, fibronectin, collagen-I, α-smooth muscle actin, and matrix metalloproteinse-2. Tamoxifen-treatment preserved the fibrinolytic capacity of MCs treated with TGF-β1 and decreased their migration capacity. Tamoxifen did not reverse the MMT of non-epitheliod MCs from effluents, but it reduced the expression of some mesenchymal molecules. In mice PD model, we demonstrated that MMT progressed in parallel with peritoneal membrane thickness. In addition, we observed that Tamoxifen significantly reduced peritoneal thickness, angiogenesis, invasion of the compact zone by mesenchymal MCs and improved peritoneal function. Tamoxifen also reduced the effluent levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and leptin. These results demonstrate that Tamoxifen is a therapeutic option to treat peritoneal fibrosis, and that its protective effect is mediated via modulation of the MMT processThis work was supported by grant SAF2010-21249 from the ‘‘Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad’’ to MLC and by grant S2010/BMD-2321 from ‘‘Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid’’ to MLC and RS. This work was also partially supported by grants PI 09/0776 from ‘‘Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias’’ to AA, and RETICS 06/0016 (REDinREN, Fondos FEDER, EU) to R