A Portable Dynamic Laser Speckle System for Sensing Long-Term Changes Caused by Treatments in Painting Conservation

[EN] Dynamic laser speckle (DLS) is used as a reliable sensor of activity for all types of materials. Traditional applications are based on high-rate captures (usually greater than 10 frames-per-second, fps). Even for drying processes in conservation treatments, where there is a high level of activity in the first moments after the application and slower activity after some minutes or hours, the process is based on the acquisition of images at a time rate that is the same in moments of high and low activity. In this work, we present an alternative approach to track the drying process of protective layers and other painting conservation processes that take a long time to reduce their levels of activity. We illuminate, using three different wavelength lasers, a temporary protector (cyclododecane) and a varnish, and monitor them using a low fps rate during long-term drying. The results are compared to the traditional method. This work also presents a monitoring method that uses portable equipment. The results present the feasibility of using the portable device and show the improved sensitivity of the dynamic laser speckle when sensing the long-term process for drying cyclododecane and varnish in conservation.This work was partially funded by Generalitat Valenciana project AICO/2016/058 and by the Plan Nacional de I+D, Comision Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnologia (FEDER-CICYT) under the project HAR2013-47895-C2-1-P and project HAR2017-85557-PPérez Jiménez, AJ.; Gonzalez-Peña, RJ.; Braga, RJ.; Perles Ivars, A.; Pérez Marín, E.; García Diego, FJ. (2018). A Portable Dynamic Laser Speckle System for Sensing Long-Term Changes Caused by Treatments in Painting Conservation. Sensors. 18(1):1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/s18010190S113181Kim, M. K. (2010). Principles and techniques of digital holographic microscopy. Journal of Photonics for Energy, 018005. doi:10.1117/6.0000006Yokota, M., Kawakami, T., Kimoto, Y., & Yamaguchi, I. (2011). Drying process in a solvent-based paint analyzed by phase-shifting digital holography and an estimation of time for tack free. Applied Optics, 50(30), 5834. doi:10.1364/ao.50.005834Yamaguchi, I., Ida, T., Yokota, M., & Kobayashi, K. (2007). Monitoring of Paint Drying Process by Phase-shifting Digital Holography. Adaptive Optics: Analysis and Methods/Computational Optical Sensing and Imaging/Information Photonics/Signal Recovery and Synthesis Topical Meetings on CD-ROM. doi:10.1364/dh.2007.dwc2Krzemień, L., Łukomski, M., Kijowska, A., & Mierzejewska, B. (2015). Combining digital speckle pattern interferometry with shearography in a new instrument to characterize surface delamination in museum artefacts. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 16(4), 544-550. doi:10.1016/j.culher.2014.10.006Trumpy, G., Conover, D., Simonot, L., Thoury, M., Picollo, M., & Delaney, J. K. (2015). Experimental study on merits of virtual cleaning of paintings with aged varnish. Optics Express, 23(26), 33836. doi:10.1364/oe.23.033836Reifsnyder, J. M. (1996). A note on a traditional technique of varnish application for paintings on panel. Studies in Conservation, 41(2), 120-122. doi:10.1179/sic.1996.41.2.120Caley, T. (1990). ASPECTS OF VARNISHES AND THE CLEANING OF OIL PAINTINGS BEFORE 1700. Studies in Conservation, 35(sup1), 70-72. doi:10.1179/sic.1990.35.s1.016Bruckle, I., Thornton, J., Nichols, K., & Strickler, G. (1999). Cyclododecane: Technical Note on Some Uses in Paper and Objects Conservation. Journal of the American Institute for Conservation, 38(2), 162. doi:10.2307/3180044Rowe, S., & Rozeik, C. (2008). The uses of cyclododecane in conservation. Studies in Conservation, 53(sup2), 17-31. doi:10.1179/sic.2008.53.supplement-2.17Maish, J. P., & Risser, E. (2002). A Case Study in the Use of Cyclododecane and Latex Rubber in the Molding of Marble. 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Analysis of bacterial chemotactic response using dynamic laser speckle. Journal of Biomedical Optics, 14(6), 064015. doi:10.1117/1.3262608González-Peña, R. J., Braga, R. A., Cibrián, R. M., Salvador-Palmer, R., Gil-Benso, R., & Miguel, T. S. (2014). Monitoring of the action of drugs in melanoma cells by dynamic laser speckle. Journal of Biomedical Optics, 19(5), 057008. doi:10.1117/1.jbo.19.5.057008Arizaga, R., Grumel, E. E., Cap, N., Trivi, M., Amalvy, J. I., Yepes, B., & Ricaurte, G. (2006). Following the drying of spray paints using space and time contrast of dynamic speckle. Journal of Coatings Technology and Research, 3(4), 295-299. doi:10.1007/s11998-006-0025-2Faccia, P. A., Pardini, O. R., Amalvy, J. I., Cap, N., Grumel, E. E., Arizaga, R., & Trivi, M. (2009). Differentiation of the drying time of paints by dynamic speckle interferometry. Progress in Organic Coatings, 64(4), 350-355. doi:10.1016/j.porgcoat.2008.07.016Mavilio, A., Fernández, M., Trivi, M., Rabal, H., & Arizaga, R. (2010). Characterization of a paint drying process through granulometric analysis of speckle dynamic patterns. Signal Processing, 90(5), 1623-1630. doi:10.1016/j.sigpro.2009.11.010Budini, N., Mulone, C., Balducci, N., Vincitorio, F. M., López, A. J., & Ramil, A. (2016). Characterization of drying paint coatings by dynamic speckle and holographic interferometry measurements. Applied Optics, 55(17), 4706. doi:10.1364/ao.55.004706Brunel, L., Brun, A., & Snabre, P. (2006). Microstructure movements study by dynamic speckle analysis. Speckle06: Speckles, From Grains to Flowers. doi:10.1117/12.695493Braga, R. A., & González-Peña, R. J. (2016). Accuracy in dynamic laser speckle: optimum size of speckles for temporal and frequency analyses. Optical Engineering, 55(12), 121702. doi:10.1117/1.oe.55.12.121702Moreira, J., Cardoso, R. R., & Braga, R. A. (2014). Quality test protocol to dynamic laser speckle analysis. Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 61, 8-13. doi:10.1016/j.optlaseng.2014.04.005Ansari, M. Z., & Nirala, A. K. (2016). Biospeckle numerical assessment followed by speckle quality tests. Optik, 127(15), 5825-5833. doi:10.1016/j.ijleo.2016.04.010Oulamara, A., Tribillon, G., & Duvernoy, J. (1989). Biological Activity Measurement on Botanical Specimen Surfaces Using a Temporal Decorrelation Effect of Laser Speckle. Journal of Modern Optics, 36(2), 165-179. doi:10.1080/09500348914550221Braga, R. A., Nobre, C. M. B., Costa, A. G., Sáfadi, T., & da Costa, F. M. (2011). Evaluation of activity through dynamic laser speckle using the absolute value of the differences. Optics Communications, 284(2), 646-650. doi:10.1016/j.optcom.2010.09.064Narita, T., Beauvais, C., Hébraud, P., & Lequeux, F. (2004). Dynamics of concentrated colloidal suspensions during drying --aging, rejuvenation and overaging. The European Physical Journal E, 14(3), 287-292. doi:10.1140/epje/i2004-10018-0Puspasari, I., Talib, M. Z. M., Daud, W. R. W., & Tasirin, S. M. (2014). Characteristic Drying Curve of Oil Palm Fibers. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, 4(1), 20. doi:10.18517/ijaseit.4.1.361Bellagha, S., Amami, E., Farhat, A., & Kechaou, N. (2002). DRYING KINETICS AND CHARACTERISTIC DRYING CURVE OF LIGHTLY SALTED SARDINE (SARDINELLA AURITA). Drying Technology, 20(7), 1527-1538. doi:10.1081/drt-120005866Van der Kooij, H. M., Fokkink, R., van der Gucht, J., & Sprakel, J. (2016). Quantitative imaging of heterogeneous dynamics in drying and aging paints. Scientific Reports, 6(1). doi:10.1038/srep34383Vaz, P., Pereira, T., Figueiras, E., Correia, C., Humeau-Heurtier, A., & Cardoso, J. (2016). Which wavelength is the best for arterial pulse waveform extraction using laser speckle imaging? Biomedical Signal Processing and Control, 25, 188-195. doi:10.1016/j.bspc.2015.11.01

Generation of periventricular reactive astrocytes overexpressing aquaporin 4 Is stimulated by mesenchymal stem cell therapy

Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) plays a crucial role in brain water circulation and is considered a therapeutic target in hydrocephalus. Congenital hydrocephalus is associated with a reaction of astrocytes in the periventricular white matter both in experimental models and human cases. A previous report showed that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) transplanted into the lateral ventricles of hyh mice exhibiting severe congenital hydrocephalus are attracted by the periventricular astrocyte reaction, and the cerebral tissue displays recovery. The present investigation aimed to test the effect of BM-MSC treatment on astrocyte reaction formation. BM-MSCs were injected into the lateral ventricles of four-day-old hyh mice, and the periventricular reaction was detected two weeks later. A protein expression analysis of the cerebral tissue differentiated the BM-MSC-treated mice from the controls and revealed effects on neural development. In in vivo and in vitro experiments, BM-MSCs stimulated the generation of periventricular reactive astrocytes overexpressing AQP4 and its regulatory protein kinase D-interacting substrate of 220 kDa (Kidins220). In the cerebral tissue, mRNA overexpression of nerve growth factor (NGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF1α), and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) could be related to the regulation of the astrocyte reaction and AQP4 expression. In conclusion, BM-MSC treatment in hydrocephalus can stimulate a key developmental process such as the periventricular astrocyte reaction, where AQP4 overexpression could be implicated in tissue recovery.The present work was supported by grants PI15/00619 and PI19/00778 (to A.J.J. and P.P.-G.), PI21/000914 (to J.V.) and PI21/000915 (to A.G.) from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain, co-financed by FEDER funds from the European Union; PI18-RT-2233 from Junta de Andalucía (to A.G.) co-financed by Programa Operativo FEDER 2014–2020; PID2020-115218RB-I00 to T.I., funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain) to J.V., T.I. and A.G.; FPU13/02906 to MG-B from the Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte, Spain; RYC-2014-16980 to P.P.-G. from the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Spain; UMA18-FEDERJA-277 from Plan Operativo FEDER Andalucía 2014–2020 and Universidad de Málaga to P.P.-G.; Proyectos dirigidos por jóvenes investigadores from Universidad de Málaga to P.P.-G. The cost of this publication has been paid in art by “ERDF A way of making Europe” funds. Partial funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga

t(5;12)(p13;p13) NIPBL/ETV6

Review on t(5;12)(p13;p13) NIPBL/ETV6, with data on clinics, and the genes involved

Effectiveness of intensive group and individual interventions for smoking cessation in primary health care settings: a randomized trial

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Objectives</p> <p>Primary: To compare the effectiveness of intensive group and individual interventions for smoking cessation in a primary health care setting; secondary: to identify the variables associated with smoking cessation.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Three-pronged clinical trial with randomisation at the individual level. We performed the following: an intensive individual intervention (III), an intensive group intervention (IGI) and a minimal intervention (MI). Included in the study were smokers who were prepared to quit smoking. Excluded from the study were individuals aged less than 18 years or with severe mental conditions or terminal illnesses. The outcome measure was continued abstinence at 12 months confirmed through CO-oximetry (CO). The analysis was based on intention to treat.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In total, 287 smokers were recruited: 81 in the III, 111 in the IGI, and 95 in the MI. Continued abstinence at 12 months confirmed through CO was 7.4% in the III, 5.4% in the IGI, and 1% in the MI. No significant differences were noted between III and MI on the one hand, and between IGI and MI on the other [RR 7.04 (0.9-7.2) and RR 5.1 (0.6-41.9), respectively]. No differences were noted between IGI and III [RR 0.7 (0.2-2.2)]. In multivariate analysis, only overall visit length showed a statistically significant association with smoking cessation.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The effectiveness of intensive smoking interventions in this study was lower than expected. No statistically significant differences were found between the results of individual and group interventions.</p> <p>Trial registration number</p> <p>ISRCTN32323770</p

DISEÑO DE UN DEMODULADOR DE FM MEDIANTE PLL PARA LA INTERROGACIÓN DE SENSORES INTERFEROMÉTRICOS DE FIBRA ÓPTICA

ResumenEn este trabajo se diseñó y se construyó un sistema de interrogación de sensores interferométricos. El sistema está constituido por una etapa que emula la señal interferométrica típica de un sensor de este tipo: Primeramente, una etapa de acondicionamiento que convierte esta señal en una señal de FM convencional y finalmente una etapa de demodulación de frecuencia; mediante el uso de la técnica de amarre de fase PLL, (del inglés: Phase Lock Loop). El proceso de demodulación, denominado en la literatura como “heterodino sintético”, utiliza un par de osciladores locales sintonizados a la frecuencia de la señal portadora y al doble de ésta. Así mismo, se requirieron una serie de filtros pasabanda tipo Butterworth de segundo orden para acotar el espectro de las señales de interés centrados en la frecuencia de la armónica necesaria para realizar el proceso de mezclado. Finalmente, la señal acondicionada se usó como entrada a un demodulador de FM mediante un PLL. Se consiguió recuperar señales del orden de miliradianes en el rango de 90 a 260 Hz. Se observó que este rango dependió del ancho de banda de los filtros pasabanda utilizados en el circuito. Se optó por esta técnica de demodulación basada en un PLL, pues logra la sintonización de una amplia gama de frecuencias, al ser también sintonizable el PLL a través de su VCO.Palabras Claves: Demoduladores de FM, fase óptica, sensores interferométricos, PLL. DESIGN OF AN FM DEMODULATOR THROUGH PLL FOR THE INTERROGATION OF OPTICAL FIBER INTERFEROMETRIC SENSORSAbstractIn this work, an interrogation system of interferometric sensors was designed and constructed. The system consists of a stage emulating the interferometric signal typical of such sensor: First a conditioning stage that converts the above signal into a conventional FM signal and finally a frequency demodulation stage, based in the Phase Lock Loop technique o demodulate FM signals (PLL). The demodulation process used here, referred in the literature as "synthetic heterodyne", uses a pair of local oscillators, one tuned to the frequency of the carrier signal and the other one tuned at twice of the carrier frequency. It also requires a series of second-order Butterworth bandpass filters to limit the signals of interest and maintain a constant amplitude in the passband. As well as a trimmer to minimize the amplitude changes, in the final part of the conditioning stage. Finally, the conditioned signal was used as input to an FM demodulator via a PLL and signals of the order of miliradianes were achieved; with frequencies of modulating signals in the range of 90 to 260 Hz. It was observed that this range depended on the bandwidth of the bandpass filters used in the circuit.Keywords: FM demodulators, Interferometric sensors, optical phase, PLL

Effect of COMBinAtion therapy with remote ischemic conditioning and exenatide on the Myocardial Infarct size: a two-by-two factorial randomized trial (COMBAT-MI)

Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) and the GLP-1 analog exenatide activate different cardioprotective pathways and may have additive effects on infarct size (IS). Here, we aimed to assess the efficacy of RIC as compared with sham procedure, and of exenatide, as compared with placebo, and the interaction between both, to reduce IS in humans. We designed a two-by-two factorial, randomized controlled, blinded, multicenter, clinical trial. Patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction receiving primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) within 6 h of symptoms were randomized to RIC or sham procedure and exenatide or matching placebo. The primary outcome was IS measured by late gadolinium enhancement in cardiac magnetic resonance performed 3–7 days after PPCI. The secondary outcomes were myocardial salvage index, transmurality index, left ventricular ejection fraction and relative microvascular obstruction volume. A total of 378 patients were randomly allocated, and after applying exclusion criteria, 222 patients were available for analysis. There were no significant interactions between the two randomization factors on the primary or secondary outcomes. IS was similar between groups for the RIC (24 ± 11.8% in the RIC group vs 23.7 ± 10.9% in the sham group, P = 0.827) and the exenatide hypotheses (25.1 ± 11.5% in the exenatide group vs 22.5 ± 10.9% in the placebo group, P = 0.092). There were no effects with either RIC or exenatide on the secondary outcomes. Unexpected adverse events or side effects of RIC and exenatide were not observed. In conclusion, neither RIC nor exenatide, or its combination, were able to reduce IS in STEMI patients when administered as an adjunct to PPCI

Comment on "Evidence from acoustic imaging for submarine volcanic activity in 2012 off the west coast of El Hierro (Canary Islands, Spain)" by Pérez NM, Somoza L, Hernández PA, González de Vallejo L, León R, Sagiya T, Biain A, González FJ, Medialdea T, Barrancos J, Ibáñez J, Sumino H, Nogami K and Romero C [Bull Volcanol (2014) 76:882-896]

Versión del editor2,205

Revealing the last 13,500 years of environmental history from the multiproxy record of a mountain lake (Lago Enol, northern Iberian Peninsula)

This is the author's accepted manuscript. The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10933-009-9387-7.We present the Holocene sequence from Lago Enol (43°16′N, 4°59′W, 1,070 m a.s.l.), Cantabrian Mountains, northern Spain. A multiproxy analysis provided comprehensive information about regional humidity and temperature changes. The analysis included sedimentological descriptions, physical properties, organic carbon and carbonate content, mineralogy and geochemical composition together with biological proxies including diatom and ostracod assemblages. A detailed pollen study enabled reconstruction of variations in vegetation cover, which were interpreted in the context of climate changes and human impact. Four distinct stages were recognized for the last 13,500 years: (1) a cold and dry episode that includes the Younger Dryas event (13,500–11,600 cal. year BP); (2) a humid and warmer period characterizing the onset of the Holocene (11,600–8,700 cal. year BP); (3) a tendency toward a drier climate during the middle Holocene (8,700–4,650 cal. year BP); and (4) a return to humid conditions following landscape modification by human activity (pastoral activities, deforestation) in the late Holocene (4,650–2,200 cal. year BP). Superimposed on relatively stable landscape conditions (e.g. maintenance of well established forests), the typical environmental variability of the southern European region is observed at this site.The Spanish Inter-Ministry Commission of Science and Technology (CICYT), the Spanish National Parks agency, the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Science, and the European Social Fund

Revealing the last 13,500 years of environmental history from the multiproxy record of a mountain lake (Lago Enol, northern Iberian Peninsula)

This is the author's accepted manuscript. The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10933-009-9387-7.We present the Holocene sequence from Lago Enol (43°16′N, 4°59′W, 1,070 m a.s.l.), Cantabrian Mountains, northern Spain. A multiproxy analysis provided comprehensive information about regional humidity and temperature changes. The analysis included sedimentological descriptions, physical properties, organic carbon and carbonate content, mineralogy and geochemical composition together with biological proxies including diatom and ostracod assemblages. A detailed pollen study enabled reconstruction of variations in vegetation cover, which were interpreted in the context of climate changes and human impact. Four distinct stages were recognized for the last 13,500 years: (1) a cold and dry episode that includes the Younger Dryas event (13,500–11,600 cal. year BP); (2) a humid and warmer period characterizing the onset of the Holocene (11,600–8,700 cal. year BP); (3) a tendency toward a drier climate during the middle Holocene (8,700–4,650 cal. year BP); and (4) a return to humid conditions following landscape modification by human activity (pastoral activities, deforestation) in the late Holocene (4,650–2,200 cal. year BP). Superimposed on relatively stable landscape conditions (e.g. maintenance of well established forests), the typical environmental variability of the southern European region is observed at this site.The Spanish Inter-Ministry Commission of Science and Technology (CICYT), the Spanish National Parks agency, the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Science, and the European Social Fund