Mediería en la horticultura : Legislación necesaria -aunque insuficiente- para un acuerdo asociado

El Nuevo Estatuto del Peón sancionado en el año 2012 y las recurrentes inspecciones que se realizan en el sector hortícola platense son responsables de la visibilización de un conflicto que ocurre en el seno de dicho sector y que tiene que ver con la prácticamente total precarización y explotación de la mano de obra. Las características de la actividad hacen para la pequeña producción hortícola imposible el cumplimiento de la legislación laboral. Como la persistencia de estos pequeños productores no puede ser a costa del trabajador, deben buscarse alternativas específicas, como podría ser el trabajo asociado. La mediería en el sector hortícola, lejos se encuentra de un acuerdo entre socios. En la práctica, se trata de una forma de explotación aún más precaria que el asalariado, por cuanto ni siquiera posee una retribución fija o segura, dependiendo esto de la producción alcanzada y los precios obtenidos. En la presente ponencia nos proponemos revisar la actual legislación que regula la mediería, confrontarla con la práctica real, para luego proponer una política pública y legislación que se adapte a la realidad del sector, paso necesario aunque no suficiente para la viabilidad de la agricultura -predominantemente- familiar y un respeto por las condiciones de trabaj

Conservation Status of the Masked Bobwhite in Sonora, Mexico

The historical distribution of the endangered masked bobwhite (Colinus virginianus ridgwayi) ranged from southern Arizona, United States, to Central Sonora, Mexico. Research in Sonora the past 30 years focused on the largest known populations, near the town of Benjamin Hill on the El Carrizo ranch. Research and perceptions by local residents pointed to a decline in masked bobwhite over the past decade. We evaluated existence of the subspecies during 2013-15 by searching transects and interviewing local residents. Our evaluation yielded no validated observations of masked bobwhite, and subsequently we call for further coordinated population monitoring and the development of technology to identify vocalizations by the subspecies

Remediation of nitrate pollution in soil: general background and relevance in southern Chile

La intensificación de la producción agrícola, ganadera y acuícola en las regiones de La Araucanía, Los Ríos y Los Lagos, ha ocasionado impactos negativos en los agroecosistemas, constatándose en muchos suelos agrícolas y cursos de agua acumulaciones importantes de nitratos (NO3-), nitritos (NO2-) y agroquímicos. La reducción completa del NO3 - a nitrógeno gaseoso (N2) vía la ruta de desnitrificación,realizada por bacterias edáficas heterótrofas en condiciones anaeróbicas, es sujeto de gran relevancia económica y medioambiental, considerando el efecto de este proceso en la reducción de la lixiviación de NO3- hacia aguas subterráneas. El uso de métodos de remediación de NO3- y otros contaminantes presentes en el suelo permite recuperar agroecosistemas contaminados o en riesgo de contaminación.The intensification of agricultural production, livestock and aquaculture in regions of La Araucanía, Los Ríos and Los Lagos, has provoked negative impacts on agroecosystems which has been confirmed as significant accumulations of nitrate (NO3 -), nitrite (NO2 -) and agrochemicals in agricultural soils and waterways. The reduction of NO3 - to nitrogen gas (N2) via denitrification route, carried out by heterotrophic soil bacteria under anaerobic conditions is a subject of great economic and environmental significance, considering the effect of this process in reducing NO3 - leaching into groundwater. The use of remediation methods to remove NO3 - and other contaminants in soils helps to remediate already polluted agroecosystems and other under risks

Effects of cardiorespiratory exercise on cognition in older women exposed to air pollution

The aim was to analyze the effects of cardiorespiratory exercise and air pollution on cognition and cardiovascular markers in four groups of older women: the active/clean air group (AC), the active/polluted air group (AP), the sedentary/clean air group (SC), and the sedentary/polluted air group (SP). Active groups performed a training task based on progressive walking. Prior to and after the experiment, the following parameters were assessed: cognition, by Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE); maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max), estimated by the Six-Minute Walk Test (6mWT); heart rate (HR); and oxygen saturation (SpO2). There were significant differences (p < 0.05) between the AC and the SP in all the MMSE dimensions except “Registration”, and in all the physiological variables (VO2max, SpO2, HR). Aerobic exercise may be a protective factor against the effects that pollution have on cognition and on the mechanisms of oxygen transport

Historical biogeography of the genus Cyriocosmus (Araneae: Theraphosidae) in the Neotropics According to an Event-Based Method and Spatial Analysis of Vicariance

The distributional history of the South American endemic genus Cyriocosmus (Araneae, Theraphosidae) was reconstructed, and a spatial analysis of vicariance was conducted. Results obtained with the software RASP (Reconstruct Ancestral State in Phylogenies), suggest that Cyriocosmus originated within an area currently represented by the biogeographical subregions of the Amazonian and Paramo Punan. We found 3 vicariant nodes: the 1st into the Amazonian-Caribbean, the 2nd into the Caribbean, and the 3rd into the Amazonian-Parana, Amazonian-Chacoan, and Amazonian-Parana and Chacoan. Using the Vicariance Inference Program we found that 1 vicariant node different from that obtained with RASP, and the hypothetical barriers for the clade were represented by the Voronoi lines in South America. In order to interpret biogeographical events that affected the genus Cyriocosmus, these results are contrasted with major geological events that occurred in South America, and also with previous biogeographical hypotheses.Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectore

Historical biogeography of the genus Cyriocosmus (Araneae: Theraphosidae) in the Neotropics According to an Event-Based Method and Spatial Analysis of Vicariance

The distributional history of the South American endemic genus Cyriocosmus (Araneae, Theraphosidae) was reconstructed, and a spatial analysis of vicariance was conducted. Results obtained with the software RASP (Reconstruct Ancestral State in Phylogenies), suggest that Cyriocosmus originated within an area currently represented by the biogeographical subregions of the Amazonian and Paramo Punan. We found 3 vicariant nodes: the 1st into the Amazonian-Caribbean, the 2nd into the Caribbean, and the 3rd into the Amazonian-Parana, Amazonian-Chacoan, and Amazonian-Parana and Chacoan. Using the Vicariance Inference Program we found that 1 vicariant node different from that obtained with RASP, and the hypothetical barriers for the clade were represented by the Voronoi lines in South America. In order to interpret biogeographical events that affected the genus Cyriocosmus, these results are contrasted with major geological events that occurred in South America, and also with previous biogeographical hypotheses.Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectore

El lugar de la estructura social capitalista en la concepción de las tecnologías entrañables. Apuntes críticos sobre la propuesta de Miguel Ángel Quintanilla

En el presente artículo establecemos un análisis crítico del concepto de "tecnologías entrañables" propuesto por Miguel Ángel Quintanilla. En principio, realizamos una breve caracterización del término para luego abocarnos al estudio de sus implicancias respecto a la visión sobre la alienación en Marx y Ortega y Gasset. El uso del concepto por parte de ambos autores será cuestionado a través de un planteo crítico más profundo que permita radicalizar las bases del concepto propuesto por Quintanilla. La libre circulación del conocimiento que favorecen las tecnologías entrañables será examinada a partir de la consideración del problema de la propiedad privada, esto es, desde la comprensión de que es necesario transformar las estructuras de propiedad capitalistas como condición para poder desarrollar tecnologías entrañables.Fil: Correa Lucero, Horacio Edgardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Salamanca; España. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencias Sociales; ArgentinaFil: González, Julio Edgardo. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencias Sociales; Argentin

Internet: Among the possibilities of the intangible, social dynamics and reconfigurations of capital

En este artículo se esbozan elementos teóricos para el análisis de las nuevas tecnologías y en especial de Internet, dada la interrelación e influencia continua entre sociedad y tecnología. Ello permite abordar Internet como una serie de tecnologías digitales caracterizadas por un conjunto de capas imbricadas de carácter intangible y tangible. La hipótesis de este trabajo es que Internet ha puesto en crisis las formas clásicas de valoración del capital en relación a mercados signados directamente por precios y a la propiedad privada. De ahí que se concluya que los procesos en curso de configuración de la web sean producto de un entrecruzamiento entre las posibilidades que brindan los códigos técnicos en Internet desde sus inicios y la lógica del capital que, en cada caso particular, asume matices de ambas formas. De esto se sigue la importancia de analizar las particularidades del diseño y construcción de tecnologías, para comprender, a raíz de ello, las potencialidades y posibilidades políticas implicadas en los códigos técnicos del conjunto de tecnologías que componen Internet.In this article, theoretical elements for analysis of new technologies, especially the Internet are outlined, given the interrelationship and the continuing influence between society and technology. This allows to address the Internet as a series of digital technologies characterized by a set of tangible and intangible overlapping layers. The hypothesis of this study is that the Internet has placed the classical forms of capital in a critical situation regarding markets designated directly by private property and by prices. Hence, it is concluded that the ongoing processes of web configuration are the product of a cross-linking between the possibilities offered by technical codes on the Internet since its onset and the logic of capital that in each particular case assumes nuances of both forms. The result of this is the importance of analyzing the peculiarities of design and construction technologies, to understand, as a consequence, the potential and political possibilities involved in technical codes of the set of technologies that are part of the Internet.Fil: Correa Lucero, Horacio Edgardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Centro de Investigaciones sobre Economía y Sociedad en la Argentina Contemporánea; ArgentinaFil: González, Julio Edgardo. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes; Argentin

Habitat of the Long-Tailed Wood-Partridge in Central Mexico

The long-tailed wood-partridge (Dendrortyx macroura; hereafter, wood-partridge) is a forest quail endemic to the temperate forests of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt of central Mexico and is considered threatened according to the Secretariat of the Environment of Mexico. We studied 34 sites within the Natural Resources Protection Area River Basins of the Valle de Bravo, Malacatepec, Tilostoc and Temascaltepec in central Mexico to evaluate wood-partridge habitat during September–December 2019. We evaluated attributes of tree, shrub, and herbaceous vegetation, canopy cover, humidity, slope, and altitude. We also identified vegetation used for nesting, food, and shelter. The scant information published for other geographical areas indicates habitat consists of pine (Pinus spp.), pine-oak (Quercus spp.), and cloud forest. We found that the preferred habitat in the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt was forest dominated by Alnus firmifolia, Pinus patula, Pinus pseudostrobus, Pinus teocote, and Quercus castanea. Wood-partridge preferred sites with an average of 90% canopy coverage, 100% shrub cover, high percent humidity, slopes \u3e30%, and altitudes that ranged 2,700–3,000 meters above sea level. Additionally, we located an inactive nest in an area with 100% shrub cover and 80% tree cover in forest dominated by Pinus patula, relative humidity of 55%, and a temperature of 19° C. This is the first investigation of this bird within this important biogeographic transition zone between the Nearctic region and the Neotropics. We report the basic characteristics of the habitat used by this species along with the first description of a nest in an area with high rates of deforestation, overgrazing, and forest fires. The “gallinita de monte” represents an important element of the biocultural heritage for the Mazahua and Otomí peoples, who are Indigenous inhabitants of this area. We recommend additional research on wood-partridge to determine the extent of poaching and collection of eggs for food; determine effects of forest management; determine its basic ecology including survival, reproduction, and population density; verify habitat relationship; and corroborate information that describes the traditional knowledge of the species by the native Mazahua and Otomí peoples. We suggest it is most important to learn more about and disseminate traditional knowledge of the species and to preserve its biocultural value and heritage, particularly for Indigenous communities