A proteomic approach acute and chronic phase of chagas disease

Comunicaciones a Congreso

Teaching classical mechanics using an applied example: Modelling and Software

[EN] We present our experience in using a common mechanism in engineering, such as a slider-crank, to explain classical mechanics in physics and engineering degrees. We also present a graphical user interface that permits the student to visualize the results of different simulations varying the conditions of the numerical experiment.[ES] Presentamos la experiencia docente obtenida al utilizar un mecanismo muy común en ingeniería, como el mecanismo biela-manivela-deslizadera, como un ejemplo práctico en la asignatura ”mecánica clásica” que se imparte en los grados de física e ingeniería. También presentamos una interfaz gráfica que permite al estudiante visualizar los resultados obtenidos al simular en el ordenador el movimiento de dicho mecanismo variando las condiciones en las que se realiza el experimento numérico.García-March, M.; Isidro, J.; Zacarés, M.; Arevalillo, M.; González-Santander, J.; Monreal, L.; López-Javier, C. (2009). Teaching classical mechanics using an applied example: Modelling and Software. Modelling in Science Education and Learning. 2:35-43. doi:10.4995/msel.2009.3116SWORD35432H.Goldstein, Mecánica Clásica. Ed. Reverté, Barcelona, (1987). C.Lanczos, The variational principles of mechanics. Dover, New York, (1986).M.A. García-March, I. Orquín, P. Fernández de Córdoba, A. Montero, J. Urchueguía, M.H. Giménez y J.A. Monsoriu, Formulación Lagrangiana del Sistema Biela-Manivela- Deslizadera. Anales de Ingeniería Mecánica. Revista de la Asociación Espa-ola de Ingeniería Mecánica. 2 1077-1086 (2004)

Mobile elements: Positive evolution or molecular parasitisms?

Las secuencias de ADN repetidas–dispersas constituyen una elevada proporción del genoma de organismos eucariotas y procariotas. La primera descripción de movilidad de estas secuencias fue realizada por Barbara McClintock en los años 50, la cual, estudiando la herencia del color y distribución de la pigmentación del maíz, demostró la existencia de elementos genéticos con capacidad de transponerse. En el presente trabajo se realiza una revisión de las características moleculares, filogenéticas y funcionales de los elementos móviles, centrada especialmente en los elementos LINE. El análisis de la presencia de elementos móviles en los organismos hospedadores, muestra que estos evolucionan coincidentemente con el hospedador para evitar o mitigar el efecto deletéreo de su inserción e incluso para proporcionarle beneficio. Actualmente, se está empezando a considerar que estos elementos juegan un importante papel en la evolución de los organismos, probablemente como resultado del desarrollo de una relación simbiótica con su hospedador.The repetitive-interspersed DNA sequences constitute a large part of the genome of eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. The mobility of these sequences was first described by Barbara MacClintock in the fifties who, by studying the inheritance of the colour and distribution of the pigmentation in maize, showed the existence of genetic elements with the ability to transpose along the genome. In the present study we review some of the molecular, philogenetic and functional characteristics of these mobile elements with special emphasis on LINE elements. The analysis of the presence of mobile elements in host organisms indicates that they co-evolve with the host to avoid or mitigate the deleterious effect of their insertion and even to provide potential beneficial features. Presently, these elements are beginning to be considered as playing important roles in the evolution of the organisms within a symbiotic framework.Los estudios, realizados en nuestro laboratorio, mostrados en el presente trabajo de revisión, han sido financiados por la DGESIC (Plan Nacional I+D, Programa de Biotecnología, CICYT Proyecto nº BIO96-0468 y PGC Proyecto nº PB96-0829). La doctora MC Thomas está financiada por el Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias, Beca de Perfeccionamiento Instituto Carlos III nº exped. 97/4207, Ministerio de Sanidad. M. Olivares está financiada por el Plan Andaluz de Investigación, Beca predoctoral de FPI, Junta de Andalucía. JL. García-Pérez está financiado con una Beca predoctoral de la Fundación Areces

Electromyography: a simple and accessible tool to assess physical performance and health during hypoxia training. A systematic review

Hypoxia causes reduced partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood and induces adaptations in skeletal muscle that may affect individuals’ physical performance and muscular health. These muscular changes are detectable and quantifiable by electromyography (EMG), an instrument that assesses electrical activity during active contraction at rest. EMG is a relatively simple and accessible technique for all patients, one that can show the degree of the sensory and motor functions because it provides information about the status of the peripheral nerves and muscles. The main goal of this review is to evaluate the scientific evidence of EMG as an instrument for monitoring different responses of skeletal muscles subjected to external stimuli such as hypoxia and physical activity. A structured search was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines in Medline/PubMed, Scielo, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library Plus. The search included articles published in the last 25 years until May 2020 and was restricted to English- and Spanish-language publications. As such, investigators identified nine articles that met the search criteria. The results determined that EMG was able to detect muscle fatigue from changes in the frequency spectrum. When a muscle was fatigued, high frequency components decreased and low frequency components increased. In other studies, EMG determined muscle activation increased during exercise by recruiting motor units and by increasing the intensity of muscle contractions. Finally, it was also possible to calculate the mean quadriceps quadratic activity used to obtain an image of muscle activation. In conclusion, EMG offers a suitable tool for monitoring the different skeletal muscle responses and has sufficient sensitivity to detect hypoxia-induced muscle changes produced by hypoxic stimuli. Moreover, EMG enhances an extension of physical examination and tests motor-system integrity

A Deep Learning Framework for the Detection and Quantification of Reticular Pseudodrusen and Drusen on Optical Coherence Tomography

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a deep learning (DL) framework for the detection and quantification of reticular pseudodrusen (RPD) and drusen on optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans. METHODS: A DL framework was developed consisting of a classification model and an out-of-distribution (OOD) detection model for the identification of ungradable scans; a classification model to identify scans with drusen or RPD; and an image segmentation model to independently segment lesions as RPD or drusen. Data were obtained from 1284 participants in the UK Biobank (UKBB) with a self-reported diagnosis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and 250 UKBB controls. Drusen and RPD were manually delineated by five retina specialists. The main outcome measures were sensitivity, specificity, area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), kappa, accuracy, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and free-response receiver operating characteristic (FROC) curves. RESULTS: The classification models performed strongly at their respective tasks (0.95, 0.93, and 0.99 AUC, respectively, for the ungradable scans classifier, the OOD model, and the drusen and RPD classification models). The mean ICC for the drusen and RPD area versus graders was 0.74 and 0.61, respectively, compared with 0.69 and 0.68 for intergrader agreement. FROC curves showed that the model's sensitivity was close to human performance. CONCLUSIONS: The models achieved high classification and segmentation performance, similar to human performance. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE: Application of this robust framework will further our understanding of RPD as a separate entity from drusen in both research and clinical settings