Translanguaging and its benefits

Abstract. Having bilingual or multilingual students in a classroom is a rule rather than an exception. The Finnish National Core Curriculum (Opetushallitus, 2014) states that the starting points of language teaching are developing students’ language awareness and using languages concurrently and thus obligates teachers to take all the languages of their students into consideration in teaching. Therefore, there is a need for pedagogical means that pay attention to the language skills of the students in a holistic way. As an answer to this demand, the aim of this bachelor’s thesis is to introduce the term translanguaging and its benefits especially in education. This thesis is a literature review. In order to fully understand the concept of translanguaging, we thought it was necessary to first define some terms related to multilingualism which will recur in this thesis. After these definitions, we have discussed how the term translaguaging has emerged and evolved. Lastly, we have concentrated on the positive aspects of translanguaging by discussing its benefits especially in education but also in a broader context. As sources for this literature review, we have used diverse research literature. We regard this topic very important considering our future professions as teachers. Therefore, we hope that this thesis will raise interest towards translanguaging and its multiple possibilities in education as well as the life of bilinguals and multilinguals in general.Tiivistelmä. Luokkahuoneiden monikielisyys on enemmän sääntö kuin poikkeus. Perusopetuksen Opetussuunnitelman Perusteet (Opetushallitus, 2014) velvoittaa opettajia huomioimaan oppilaiden eri kielet opetuksessa mainitsemalla, että kieltenopetuksen lähtökohtana pidetään oppilaiden kielitietoisuuden kehittymistä ja kielten käyttöä rinnakkain. Tarvitaankin siis pedagogisia keinoja, jotka huomioivat oppilaiden kielitaidon kokonaisvaltaisesti. Yhtenä vastauksena tähän tarpeeseen, tämän kandidaatin tutkielman tarkoituksena on tuoda esiin termi ‘’translanguaging’’, ja esitellä sen hyötyjä erityisesti koulumaailmassa. Koska termille ei ole vielä vakiintunutta suomenkielistä käännöstä, olemme päättäneet käyttää siitä Heini Lehtosen (2019) suomennosta ‘’limittäiskieleily’’. Tämä tutkielma on toteutettu kirjallisuuskatsauksena. Limittäiskieleilyn konseptin ymmärtämiseksi, pidimme tarpeellisena ensin määritellä muutamia monikielisyyteen liittyviä termejä, jotka toistuvat kirjallisuuskatsauksen edetessä. Tämän jälkeen olemme käsitelleet termin limittäiskieleily syntyä ja kehittymistä. Lopuksi keskityimme limittäiskieleilyn positiivisiin puoliin varsinkin koulumaailmassa, mutta myös sen ulkopuolella. Lähteinä olemme käyttäneet monipuolisesti tutkimuskirjallisuutta. Pidämme tätä aihetta tärkeänä tulevaa opettajan ammattimme ajatellen ja toivommekin, että tutkielmamme herättäisi kiinnostuksen limittäiskieleilyä ja sen mahdollisuuksia kohtaan niin koulumaailmassa kuin sen ulkopuolellakin

W production at large transverse momentum at the Large Hadron Collider

We study the production of W bosons at large transverse momentum in pp collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). We calculate the complete next-to-leading order (NLO) corrections to the differential cross section. We find that the NLO corrections provide a large increase to the cross section but, surprisingly, do not reduce the scale dependence relative to leading order (LO). We also calculate next-to-next-to-leading-order (NNLO) soft-gluon corrections and find that, although they are small, they significantly reduce the scale dependence thus providing a more stable theoretical prediction.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figure

The views of Global Education experts on the aims, challenges, achievements, and implementation of Global Education in Finnish primary education

Abstract. This qualitative master’s thesis attempts to understand the views of Global Education experts’ perspectives on the challenges, achievements, and implementation of Global Education in Finnish primary education. During the last years there has been a growing amount of Finnish research in the field of Global Education. However, prior research has focused mostly on teachers’ and principal’s perspectives. Therefore, we decided to choose a different standpoint on our research. We interviewed five Finnish Global Education experts who worked in different positions in the field of Global Education. The interviews were semi-structured and conducted through Zoom. We used qualitative content analysis to analyse our data. Based on these research findings, the familiarity of Global Education has increased in the last 20 years. This can be seen in the way Global Education has been included in the Finnish National Core Curriculum, NGOs collaborate with schools and have made plenty of material for schools related to the topic. Regardless of the achievements, there is a need to educate teachers more on the topic and the implementation of Global Education is not yet as structured as it could be. Our research findings signal that the implementation of Global Education varies greatly depending on teachers’ interests. We hope that this thesis highlights the achievements that have been accomplished in the field of Global Education in Finland and also sheds light on the magnitude and diversity of Global Education. Our findings suggest that there are multiple ways to develop the implementation of Global Education in schools. This gives us hope that Global Education will one day achieve the significant position it deserves

W hadroproduction at large transverse momentum beyond next-to-leading order

We study the production of W bosons at large transverse momentum in p pbar collisions. We show that the next-to-leading order cross section at large transverse momentum is dominated by threshold soft-gluon corrections. We add next-to-next-to-leading-order soft-gluon corrections to the exact next-to-leading-order differential cross sections. We find that these higher-order corrections provide modest enhancements to the transverse momentum distribution of the W at the Tevatron, and reduce significantly the dependence on the factorization and renormalization scales.Comment: 17 pages, 8 figure

5,15-Diaryl-beta-substituted-porphyrinato-manganese(III) chlorides as probes for structure-activity relationships in porphyrin-based epoxidation catalysts

Manganese complexes of 5,15-diaryl-beta-substituted-porphyrins were prepared and their behaviour as oxidation catalysts was studied. The role of the pyrrolic and meso-substituents on the activity and selectivity of these catalysts was studied to reveal new structure-activity relationships in these porphyrin-based epoxidation catalysts. The beneficial effect of the halogen atoms at the meso-phenyls is still observed with these catalysts but, for the first time, a strong dependence on the selectivity of the epoxide production was found to be dependent on the nature of the non-halogen substituents at the beta-pyrrolic positions of the porphyrin. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

Assessing Gender Identity and Sex in Diverse Low, Middle, and High-Income Settings: Findings from a WHO/HRP Consultative Process

Obtaining detailed data on gender identity and sex in population-based sexual health studies is important. We convened a group to develop consensus survey items. We identified two items to capture data on gender identity and sex that can be used in diverse settings

Maternal and perinatal outcome in eclampsia complicated by posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome; a three years’ experience in a tertiary care hospital

Background: PRES can be associated with number of medical conditions and was observed frequently in patients with preeclampsia and eclampsia. Neuroimaging is important for the diagnosis of PRES. Study was conducted to find out the maternal and perinatal outcome in patients with eclampsia complicated by posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES).Methods: This is a retrospective study done at St. Johns Medical College Bangalore, between October 2013 and October 2016. We reviewed case records of all the patients with eclampsia who underwent neuro imaging studies and a diagnosis of PRES was made. The maternal and perinatal outcomes in these women were studiedResults: In the past three years we had 55 cases of eclampsia who underwent neuroimaging studies for persistent neurological symptoms after 24 hours of MgSO­4 treatment. Of these women 30 were diagnosed to have PRES. In the present study PRES was common in multiparous women and more in patients with antepartum eclamptic women. Mean age at diagnosis of PRES was 26±5.1 years. Common presenting symptoms were headache (93.3%) and vomiting (53.3%). The mean SBP/DBP was 180/110 mmHg. All patients who had recurrent seizures were controlled with MgSO­4 alone. 53.3% of our patients had eclampsia related complications and 36.7% required ICU care. There were 3 maternal deaths (10%). Perinatal mortality was 20%.Conclusions: Neuroimaging in eclamptic patients with persistent neurological symptoms could help in early diagnosis of PRES and multidisciplinary approach in management could contribute significantly in reducing the maternal mortality and morbidity

Exponentiation of the Drell-Yan cross section near partonic threshold in the DIS and MSbar schemes

It has been observed that in the DIS scheme the refactorization of the Drell-Yan cross section leading to exponentiation of threshold logarithms can also be used to organize a class of constant terms, most of which arise from the ratio of the timelike Sudakov form factor to its spacelike counterpart. We extend this exponentiation to include all constant terms, and demonstrate how a similar organization may be achieved in the MSbar scheme. We study the relevance of these exponentiations in a two-loop analysis.Comment: 20 pages, JHEP style, no figure

Laser-heated capillary discharge plasma waveguides for electron acceleration to 8 GeV

A plasma channel created by the combination of a capillary discharge and inverse Bremsstrahlung laser heating enabled the generation of electron bunches with energy up to 7.8 GeV in a laser-driven plasma accelerator. The capillary discharge created an initial plasma channel and was used to tune the plasma temperature, which optimized laser heating. Although optimized colder initial plasma temperatures reduced the ionization degree, subsequent ionization from the heater pulse created a fully ionized plasma on-axis. The heater pulse duration was chosen to be longer than the hydrodynamic timescale of ≈ 1 ns, such that later temporal slices were more efficiently guided by the channel created by the front of the pulse. Simulations are presented which show that this thermal self-guiding of the heater pulse enabled channel formation over 20 cm. The post-heated channel had lower on-axis density and increased focusing strength compared to relying on the discharge alone, which allowed for guiding of relativistically intense laser pulses with a peak power of 0.85 PW and wakefield acceleration over 15 diffraction lengths. Electrons were injected into the wake in multiple buckets and times, leading to several electron bunches with different peak energies. To create single electron bunches with low energy spread, experiments using localized ionization injection inside a capillary discharge waveguide were performed. A single injected bunch with energy 1.6 GeV, charge 38 pC, divergence 1 mrad, and relative energy spread below 2% full-width half-maximum was produced in a 3.3 cm-long capillary discharge waveguide. This development shows promise for mitigation of energy spread and future high efficiency staged acceleration experiments

On production and asymmetric focusing of flat electron beams using rectangular capillary discharge plasmas

A method for the asymmetric focusing of electron bunches, based on the active plasma lensing technique is proposed. This method takes advantage of the strong inhomogeneous magnetic field generated inside the capillary discharge plasma to focus the ultrarelativistic electrons. The plasma and magnetic field parameters inside the capillary discharge are described theoretically and modeled with dissipative magnetohydrodynamic computer simulations enabling analysis of the capillaries of rectangle cross-sections. Large aspect ratio rectangular capillaries might be used to transport electron beams with high emittance asymmetries, as well as assist in forming spatially flat electron bunches for final focusing before the interaction point.Comment: 16 pages, 7 figures, 1 tabl