Independent Domination in Complementary Prisms.

Let G be a graph and G̅ be the complement of G. The complementary prism GG̅ of G is the graph formed from the disjoint union of G and G̅ by adding the edges of a perfect matching between the corresponding vertices of G and G̅. For example, if G is a 5-cycle, then GG̅ is the Petersen graph. In this paper we investigate independent domination in complementary prisms

Lidar and Deep Learning Reveal Forest Structural Controls on Snowpack

Forest structure has a strong relationship with abiotic components of the environment. For example, canopy morphology controls snow depth through interception and modifies incoming thermal radiation. In turn, snow water availability affects forest growth, carbon sequestration, and nutrient cycling. We investigated how structural diversity and topography affect snow depth patterns across scales. The study site, Grand Mesa, Colorado, is representative of many areas worldwide where declining snowpack and its consequences for forest ecosystems are increasingly an environmental concern. On the basis of a convolution neural network model (R2 of 0.64; root mean squared error of 0.13 m), we found that forest structural and topographic metrics from airborne light detection and ranging (lidar) at fine scales significantly influence snow depth during the accumulation season. Moreover, complex vertically arranged foliage intercepts more snow and results in shallower snow depths below the canopy. Assessing forest structural controls on snow distribution and depth will aid efforts to improve understanding of the ecological and hydrological impacts of changing snow patterns

Modelación dinámica de la demanda de oxígeno en una laguna aireada facultativa primaria: exceso de sustrato, limitación de oxígeno y efecto de los episodios de lluvia

En esta investigación se aplicaron tres modelos dinámicos existentes de lagunas aireadas facultativas (LAF) para el tratamiento de aguas residuales municipales. Se evaluó la capacidad de dichos modelos para la descripción del comportamiento de una laguna primaria. Se compararon las ventajas y limitaciones de los tres modelos existentes. También, se desarrollaron y evaluaron cuatro nuevos modelos dinámicos de LAF basados en flujo con mezcla completa y se aplicaron a una laguna primaria con aireadores superficiales, perteneciente a una región semiárida de México con lluvias intensas episódicas (San Luis Potosí, SLP). Los modelos se calibraron con datos de un periodo de 2 años y se validaron frente a un periodo diferente de 5 años en la misma laguna. Respecto a los modelos existentes: uno de ellos mostró valores de ajuste deficientes en la descripción de la concentración del efluente (R2 de 0.242 y RMSE de 16.8 mg/L); sin embargo, con algunas modificaciones, el ajuste mejoró (R2 de 0.409 y RMSE de 14.0 mg/L); el segundo modelo obtuvo un ajuste de pobre a moderado (0.489 y 13.0 mg/L, respectivamente), y el tercer modelo existente logró un ajuste moderado (0.528 y 11.9 mg/L), con una sobreestimación de la concentración del efluente, especialmente en períodos de lluvia intensa y frecuente; se hicieron algunas modificaciones a este modelo y el ajuste mejoró (R2 de 0.575 y RMSE de 11.4 mg/L). Los ajustes de validación son aún más bajos que los obtenidos en la calibración, lo que demuestra la incapacidad de estos modelos para describir adecuadamente el comportamiento de la LAF y se discuten las posibles causas de la insuficiencia de los modelos. Respecto a los modelos desarrollados y evaluados en esta investigación: El primero de ellos, una modificación de un modelo existente de 3 componentes (DBO o DQO, SSV y oxígeno disuelto) proporcionó una descripción pobre del comportamiento de la laguna, especialmente para los SSV. Debido a que la modelación de la demanda de oxígeno era el principal enfoque del estudio, el modelo de 3 componentes (modelo 3C) se simplificó, dejando la demanda de oxígeno (ya fuera DQO o DBO) como la única variable de estado (modelo 1C). Ya que las condiciones de exceso de sustrato y defecto de oxígeno prevalecen en esta laguna primaria, se asumió que el suministro de oxígeno era limitante en la dinámica de la degradación de la materia orgánica. Este nuevo modelo, aunque mucho más simple que el modelo 3C, proporcionó una descripción similar del sustrato en el efluente. Sin embargo, el modelo 1C, como el modelo 3C, tendió a sobreestimar la concentración de sustrato durante los episodios de lluvia intensa estacionales. Se introdujeron tres modificaciones al modelo (1C2, 1C3 y 1C3r) para tener en cuenta los menores requerimientos de oxígeno por unidad de sustrato observados durante los periodos de lluvia. Estos modelos 1C claramente dieron una mejor descripción del comportamiento de la DQO y DBO (R2 hasta 0.71, en la calibración). En resumen, un modelo de un solo componente, gobernado por la transferencia de oxígeno (1C3) y que tuviera en cuenta el comportamiento específico durante los episodios de lluvia fue capaz de dar una descripción entre regular y buena de la DQO y la DBO, en la laguna primaria. Además se desarrolló una versión dinámica de un modelo térmico preexistente, que proporcionó una estimación entre buena y excelente de la temperatura lagunar: R2=0.918 y error cuadrático medio (RMSE) de 0,84ºC. Estos modelos se proponen como una manera novedosa y más simple de modelar las lagunas aireadas facultativas primarias en climas donde las lagunas no se hielan, al tiempo que se tiene en cuenta el efecto de la temperatura y los picos de caudal ligados a la lluvia

Tablet PC as a PACS workstation: Observer Performance Evaluation.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a set of metabolic disorders characterized by an increase of blood glucose. The management and progression of diabetes is linked to the behaviour of the patients, since to control their blood glucose levels they must perform a regular physical activity, control diet and weight, and if necessary use medication. Today the proliferation of mobile devices has led to the existence of millions of apps relating to mhealth. Among the advantages of this type of apps is to self-management of the patient diseases. Diabetes can be controlled through the mobile devices. The main objective of this paper is to develop and evaluate the Quality of Experience (QoE) of an Android mobile app for self-controlling of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A total of 50 type 2 diabetic people answered the QoE survey. Most of the questions are based on Likert scale. Most users appreciate the presented information quality. The app can help in the traditional diagnosis method, but 69% of users do not have a clear opinion

Three crocodilian genomes reveal ancestral patterns of evolution among archosaurs

To provide context for the diversifications of archosaurs, the group that includes crocodilians, dinosaurs and birds, we generated draft genomes of three crocodilians, Alligator mississippiensis (the American alligator), Crocodylus porosus (the saltwater crocodile), and Gavialis gangeticus (the Indian gharial). We observed an exceptionally slow rate of genome evolution within crocodilians at all levels, including nucleotide substitutions, indels, transposable element content and movement, gene family evolution, and chromosomal synteny. When placed within the context of related taxa including birds and turtles, this suggests that the common ancestor of all of these taxa also exhibited slow genome evolution and that the relatively rapid evolution of bird genomes represents an autapomorphy within that clade. The data also provided the opportunity to analyze heterozygosity in crocodilians, which indicates a likely reduction in population size for all three taxa through the Pleistocene. Finally, these new data combined with newly published bird genomes allowed us to reconstruct the partial genome of the common ancestor of archosaurs providing a tool to investigate the genetic starting material of crocodilians, birds, and dinosaurs

Risk for Major Bleeding in Patients Receiving Ticagrelor Compared With Aspirin After Transient Ischemic Attack or Acute Ischemic Stroke in the SOCRATES Study (Acute Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack Treated With Aspirin or Ticagrelor and Patient Outcomes)

Abstract: Background: Patients with minor acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack are at high risk for subsequent stroke, and more potent antiplatelet therapy in the acute setting is needed. However, the potential benefit of more intense antiplatelet therapy must be assessed in relation to the risk for major bleeding. The SOCRATES trial (Acute Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack Treated With Aspirin or Ticagrelor and Patient Outcomes) was the first trial with ticagrelor in patients with acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack in which the efficacy and safety of ticagrelor were compared with those of aspirin. The main safety objective was assessment of PLATO (Platelet Inhibition and Patient Outcomes)\u2013defined major bleeds on treatment, with special focus on intracranial hemorrhage (ICrH). Methods: An independent adjudication committee blinded to study treatment classified bleeds according to the PLATO, TIMI (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction), and GUSTO (Global Use of Strategies to Open Occluded Coronary Arteries) definitions. The definitions of ICrH and major bleeding excluded cerebral microbleeds and asymptomatic hemorrhagic transformations of cerebral infarctions so that the definitions better discriminated important events in the acute stroke population. Results: A total of 13 130 of 13 199 randomized patients received at least 1 dose of study drug and were included in the safety analysis set. PLATO major bleeds occurred in 31 patients (0.5%) on ticagrelor and 38 patients (0.6%) on aspirin (hazard ratio, 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.52\u20131.34). The most common locations of major bleeds were intracranial and gastrointestinal. ICrH was reported in 12 patients (0.2%) on ticagrelor and 18 patients (0.3%) on aspirin. Thirteen of all 30 ICrHs (4 on ticagrelor and 9 on aspirin) were hemorrhagic strokes, and 4 (2 in each group) were symptomatic hemorrhagic transformations of brain infarctions. The ICrHs were spontaneous in 6 and 13, traumatic in 3 and 3, and procedural in 3 and 2 patients on ticagrelor and aspirin, respectively. In total, 9 fatal bleeds occurred on ticagrelor and 4 on aspirin. The composite of ICrH or fatal bleeding included 15 patients on ticagrelor and 18 on aspirin. Independently of bleeding classification, PLATO, TIMI, or GUSTO, the relative difference between treatments for major/severe bleeds was similar. Nonmajor bleeds were more common on ticagrelor. Conclusions: Antiplatelet therapy with ticagrelor in patients with acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack showed a bleeding profile similar to that of aspirin for major bleeds. There were few ICrHs. Clinical Trial Registration: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01994720.Abstract: BACKGROUND: Patients with minor acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack are at high risk for subsequent stroke, and more potent antiplatelet therapy in the acute setting is needed. However, the potential benefit of more intense antiplatelet therapy must be assessed in relation to the risk for major bleeding. The SOCRATES trial (Acute Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack Treated With Aspirin or Ticagrelor and Patient Outcomes) was the first trial with ticagrelor in patients with acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack in which the efficacy and safety of ticagrelor were compared with those of aspirin. The main safety objective was assessment of PLATO (Platelet Inhibition and Patient Outcomes)-defined major bleeds on treatment, with special focus on intracranial hemorrhage (ICrH). METHODS: An independent adjudication committee blinded to study treatment classified bleeds according to the PLATO, TIMI (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction), and GUSTO (Global Use of Strategies to Open Occluded Coronary Arteries) definitions. The definitions of ICrH and major bleeding excluded cerebral microbleeds and asymptomatic hemorrhagic transformations of cerebral infarctions so that the definitions better discriminated important events in the acute stroke population. RESULTS: A total of 13 130 of 13 199 randomized patients received at least 1 dose of study drug and were included in the safety analysis set. PLATO major bleeds occurred in 31 patients (0.5%) on ticagrelor and 38 patients (0.6%) on aspirin (hazard ratio, 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.52-1.34). The most common locations of major bleeds were intracranial and gastrointestinal. ICrH was reported in 12 patients (0.2%) on ticagrelor and 18 patients (0.3%) on aspirin. Thirteen of all 30 ICrHs (4 on ticagrelor and 9 on aspirin) were hemorrhagic strokes, and 4 (2 in each group) were symptomatic hemorrhagic transformations of brain infarctions. The ICrHs were spontaneous in 6 and 13, traumatic in 3 and 3, and procedural in 3 and 2 patients on ticagrelor and aspirin, respectively. In total, 9 fatal bleeds occurred on ticagrelor and 4 on aspirin. The composite of ICrH or fatal bleeding included 15 patients on ticagrelor and 18 on aspirin. Independently of bleeding classification, PLATO, TIMI, or GUSTO, the relative difference between treatments for major/severe bleeds was similar. Nonmajor bleeds were more common on ticagrelor. CONCLUSIONS: Antiplatelet therapy with ticagrelor in patients with acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack showed a bleeding profile similar to that of aspirin for major bleeds. There were few ICrHs

Erratum to: Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition) (Autophagy, 12, 1, 1-222, 10.1080/15548627.2015.1100356

non present