166 research outputs found
Proca equations derived from first principles
Gersten has shown how Maxwell equations can be derived from first principles,
similar to those which have been used to obtain the Dirac relativistic electron
equation. We show how Proca equations can be also deduced from first
principles, similar to those which have been used to find Dirac and Maxwell
equations. Contrary to Maxwell equations, it is necessary to introduce a
potential in order to transform a second order differential equation, as the
Klein-Gordon equation, into a first order differential equation, like Proca
equations.Comment: 6 page
Environmental assessment of urban mobility: combining life cycle assessment with land-use and transport interaction modelling – application to Lyon (France)
In France, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from transport have grown steadily since 1950 and transport
is now the main source of emissions. Despite technological improvements, urban sprawl increases the
environmental stress due to car use. This study evaluates urban mobility through assessments of the
transport system and travel habits, by applying life cycle assessment methods to the results of mobility
simulations that were produced by a Land Use and Transport Interactions (LUTI) model. The environmental
impacts of four life cycle phases of urban mobility in the Lyon area (exhausts, fuel processing,
infrastructure and vehicle life cycle) were estimated through nine indicators (global warming potential,
particulate matter emissions, photochemical oxidant emissions, terrestrial acidification, fossil resource
depletion, metal depletion, non-renewable energy use, renewable energy use and land occupancy). GHG
emissions were estimated to be 3.02 kg CO2-eq inhabitant−1 day−1 , strongly linked to car use, and indirect
impacts represented 21% of GHG emissions, which is consistent with previous studies. Combining life
cycle assessment (LCA) with a LUTI model allows changes in the vehicle mix and fuel sources combined
with demographic shifts to be assessed, and provides environmental perspectives for transport policy
makers and urban planners. It can also provide detailed analysis, by allowing levels of emissions that
are generated by different categories of households to be differentiated, according to their revenue and
location. Public policies can then focus more accurately on the emitters and be assessed from both an
environmental and social point of view
Energy flow lines and the spot of Poisson-Arago
We show how energy flow lines answer the question about diffraction phenomena
presented in 1818 by the French Academy: "deduce by mathematical induction, the
movements of the rays during their crossing near the bodies". This provides a
complementary answer to Fresnel's wave theory of light. A numerical simulation
of these energy flow lines proves that they can reach the bright spot of
Poisson-Arago in the shadow center of a circular opaque disc. For a
monochromatic wave in vacuum, these energy flow lines correspond to the
diffracted rays of Newton's Opticks
Tropical polyhedra are equivalent to mean payoff games
We show that several decision problems originating from max-plus or tropical
convexity are equivalent to zero-sum two player game problems. In particular,
we set up an equivalence between the external representation of tropical convex
sets and zero-sum stochastic games, in which tropical polyhedra correspond to
deterministic games with finite action spaces. Then, we show that the winning
initial positions can be determined from the associated tropical polyhedron. We
obtain as a corollary a game theoretical proof of the fact that the tropical
rank of a matrix, defined as the maximal size of a submatrix for which the
optimal assignment problem has a unique solution, coincides with the maximal
number of rows (or columns) of the matrix which are linearly independent in the
tropical sense. Our proofs rely on techniques from non-linear Perron-Frobenius
theory.Comment: 28 pages, 5 figures; v2: updated references, added background
materials and illustrations; v3: minor improvements, references update
Semiring and semimodule issues in MV-algebras
In this paper we propose a semiring-theoretic approach to MV-algebras based
on the connection between such algebras and idempotent semirings - such an
approach naturally imposing the introduction and study of a suitable
corresponding class of semimodules, called MV-semimodules.
We present several results addressed toward a semiring theory for
MV-algebras. In particular we show a representation of MV-algebras as a
subsemiring of the endomorphism semiring of a semilattice, the construction of
the Grothendieck group of a semiring and its functorial nature, and the effect
of Mundici categorical equivalence between MV-algebras and lattice-ordered
Abelian groups with a distinguished strong order unit upon the relationship
between MV-semimodules and semimodules over idempotent semifields.Comment: This version contains some corrections to some results at the end of
Section
Reachability problems for products of matrices in semirings
We consider the following matrix reachability problem: given square
matrices with entries in a semiring, is there a product of these matrices which
attains a prescribed matrix? We define similarly the vector (resp. scalar)
reachability problem, by requiring that the matrix product, acting by right
multiplication on a prescribed row vector, gives another prescribed row vector
(resp. when multiplied at left and right by prescribed row and column vectors,
gives a prescribed scalar). We show that over any semiring, scalar reachability
reduces to vector reachability which is equivalent to matrix reachability, and
that for any of these problems, the specialization to any is
equivalent to the specialization to . As an application of this result and
of a theorem of Krob, we show that when , the vector and matrix
reachability problems are undecidable over the max-plus semiring
. We also show that the matrix, vector, and scalar
reachability problems are decidable over semirings whose elements are
``positive'', like the tropical semiring .Comment: 21 page
Small-world networks: Evidence for a crossover picture
Watts and Strogatz [Nature 393, 440 (1998)] have recently introduced a model
for disordered networks and reported that, even for very small values of the
disorder in the links, the network behaves as a small-world. Here, we test
the hypothesis that the appearance of small-world behavior is not a
phase-transition but a crossover phenomenon which depends both on the network
size and on the degree of disorder . We propose that the average
distance between any two vertices of the network is a scaling function
of . The crossover size above which the network behaves as a
small-world is shown to scale as with .Comment: 5 pages, 5 postscript figures (1 in color),
Latex/Revtex/multicols/epsf. Accepted for publication in Physical Review
Letter
Aggregation Operators for Fuzzy Rationality Measures.
Fuzzy rationality measures represent a particular class of aggregation operators. Following the axiomatic approach developed in [1,3,4,5] rationality of fuzzy preferences may be seen as a fuzzy property of fuzzy preferences. Moreover, several rationality measures can be aggregated into a global rationality measure. We will see when and how this can be done. We will also comment upon the feasibility of their use in real life applications. Indeed, some of the rationality measures proposed, though intuitively (and axiomatically) sound, appear to be quite complex from a computational point of view
A Multi-commodity network flow model for cloud service environments
Next-generation systems, such as the big data cloud, have to cope with several challenges, e.g., move of excessive amount of data at a dictated speed, and thus, require the investigation of concepts additional to security in order to ensure their orderly function. Resilience is such a concept, which when ensured by systems or networks they are able to provide and maintain an acceptable level of service in the face of various faults and challenges. In this paper, we investigate the multi-commodity flows problem, as a task within our D 2 R 2 +DR resilience strategy, and in the context of big data cloud systems. Specifically, proximal gradient optimization is proposed for determining optimal computation flows since such algorithms are highly attractive for solving big data problems. Many such problems can be formulated as the global consensus optimization ones, and can be solved in a distributed manner by the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm. Numerical evaluation of the proposed model is carried out in the context of specific deployments of a situation-aware information infrastructure
Activating Generalized Fuzzy Implications from Galois Connections
This paper deals with the relation between fuzzy implications and Galois connections, trying to raise the awareness that the fuzzy implications are indispensable to generalise Formal Concept Analysis. The concrete goal of the paper is to make evident that Galois connections, which are at the heart of some of the generalizations of Formal Concept Analysis, can be interpreted as fuzzy incidents. Thus knowledge processing, discovery, exploration and visualization as well as data mining are new research areas for fuzzy implications as they are areas where Formal Concept Analysis has a niche.F.J. Valverde-Albacete—was partially supported by EU FP7 project LiMoSINe, (contract 288024). C. Peláez-Moreno—was partially supported by the Spanish Government-CICYT project 2011-268007/TEC.Publicad
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