EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF HUMAN SPINE DURING LOADING

INTRODUCTION -This paper presents an experimental model of the human spine built up with real vertebrae The main objective of the work is to investigate the intensity and nature of the forces developed in the lower part of the human spine due to bending, extension and rotation. Electrical strain gauges were used to monitoring the strains developed in the vertebrae, for the types of loads that have been considered. METHODS -This kind of study has serious modelling problems in the building of the model, in order to get a general behaviour of the whole not completely deprived of characteristics One of the most serious problems is related to the functioning of the intervertebrae disks which, due to the drying of the hydrophil tissue, loose flexibility For the measurement of the disk elastic properties we had to substitute it for a material with a similar height. A contact glue, that proved to have a good adhesion was used to fix it to each one of the vertebrae The muscular strengths and ligaments acting on the back ant front areas were simulated using rubber strings with a diameter of 3 mm These strings were fastened to metal hooks we kept them tensioned using a tying device, as you can see In order to get a greater consistence, make possible a more efficient load transfer and increase as much as possible the ability to repeat the movements, the articulate facet were involved in silicon rubber. CONCLUSIONS -The analysis of the model behaviour shows that comparing a certain amount of Xrays taken in different positions of front bending, back extension and torsion, the model behaviour and its capacity of efficient simulation were proved. This comparison showed that the level of the simulation, is not the most perfect one; however it was possible to verified that the requests, when a back extension and torsion were imposed to the model, and which we thought ware very demanding, were quite minor when compared to the ones got by X-rays in a healthy person in a normal strain. Actually, the intervertebrae disks don't show the same flexibility, themselves. On the other hand the same material and the same height were used in the model to simulate the disks. This fact will allow in the future to improve the mechanical functioning of the model, choosing different materials for the disks simulations as weil for the rubbers of front and back simulation

Recurrent gastric lactobezoar in an infant

Lactobezoars are a type of bezoar composed of undigested milk and mucus. The aetiology is likely multifactorial, being classically described in association with pre-term, low-birth weight infants fed with hyperconcentrated formula. The authors present a case of lactobezoar recurrence in a pre-term infant with oesophageal atresia. To our knowledge, this is the first report of recurrence of lactobezoar.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

SelEQ: a web-based application for the selection of earthquake ground motions for structural analysis

Given the continuous development and availability of strong-motion databases containing real accelerograms, the consideration of such information in nonlinear structural analysis becomes increasingly attractive. However, the selection of records to adopt in structural analysis requires not only the consideration of consistent selection criteria but also the availability of computational tools that allow for fast and efficient searches of earthquake records within such databases. In this context, and following the recent advances in internet-based technologies, the present paper introduces SelEQ, a web-based application for the search and selection of earthquake records. This tool incorporates a number of filtering procedures allowing for the search of seismic records based on geophysical data but also on more advanced criteria such as spectral shape matching. Furthermore, SelEQ allows also the selection of earthquake records according to current seismic design code requirements, such as those of Eurocode 8, which demand for record suites compatible with a given response spectrum

SENTIDOS ÀS EXPERIÊNCIAS DE ESTÁGIO NA ESCOLA EM ESCRITAS NARRATIVAS DA DOCÊNCIA

The text deals with processes of experience and elaboration of senses in the formation of Geography teachers materialized in the writing of narratives in internship reports. It addresses the formative context in the curricular internship in undergraduate courses and brings up what corresponds to the senses of the experiences based on methodological assumptions of narrative research in the field of education, having Jorge Larrosa as the main theoretical foundation. As a body of data analysis, the narrative writing presented in a supervised internship report in a Degree in Geography was taken. The results demonstrate how the intern’s narrative writing can reveal evidence related to the appropriation of experiences in the internship field; the recognition of interference from the context in its internship path; the constitution of the subject of the experience and the sharing of knowledge of the experience at school.O texto trata de processos de experiência e elaboração de sentidos na formação de professores de Geografia materializados na escrita de narrativas em relatórios de estágio. Aborda o contexto formativo no estágio curricular em licenciatura e traz à tona o que corresponde aos sentidos das experiências a partir de pressupostos metodológicos da investigação narrativa no campo da educação, tendo como fundamentação teórica principal Jorge Larrosa. Como corpo de análise de dados tomou-se a escrita narrativa apresentada em relatório de estágio supervisionado em Licenciatura em Geografia. Os resultados demonstram como a escrita narrativa do estagiário pode revelar indícios relacionados à apropriação de experiências no campo de estágio; ao reconhecimento de interferências do contexto em seu percurso de estágio; à constituição de sujeito da experiência e ao compartilhamento de saberes da experiência na escola

SENTIDOS ÀS EXPERIÊNCIAS DE ESTÁGIO NA ESCOLA EM ESCRITAS NARRATIVAS DA DOCÊNCIA

The text deals with processes of experience and elaboration of senses in the formation of Geography teachers materialized in the writing of narratives in internship reports. It addresses the formative context in the curricular internship in undergraduate courses and brings up what corresponds to the senses of the experiences based on methodological assumptions of narrative research in the field of education, having Jorge Larrosa as the main theoretical foundation. As a body of data analysis, the narrative writing presented in a supervised internship report in a Degree in Geography was taken. The results demonstrate how the intern’s narrative writing can reveal evidence related to the appropriation of experiences in the internship field; the recognition of interference from the context in its internship path; the constitution of the subject of the experience and the sharing of knowledge of the experience at school.O texto trata de processos de experiência e elaboração de sentidos na formação de professores de Geografia materializados na escrita de narrativas em relatórios de estágio. Aborda o contexto formativo no estágio curricular em licenciatura e traz à tona o que corresponde aos sentidos das experiências a partir de pressupostos metodológicos da investigação narrativa no campo da educação, tendo como fundamentação teórica principal Jorge Larrosa. Como corpo de análise de dados tomou-se a escrita narrativa apresentada em relatório de estágio supervisionado em Licenciatura em Geografia. Os resultados demonstram como a escrita narrativa do estagiário pode revelar indícios relacionados à apropriação de experiências no campo de estágio; ao reconhecimento de interferências do contexto em seu percurso de estágio; à constituição de sujeito da experiência e ao compartilhamento de saberes da experiência na escola

Validation Of The Defining Characteristics Of The Nursing Diagnosis Impaired Comfort In Oncology

To validate the content of the defining characteristics of impaired comfort nursing diagnosis proposed by NANDA-I in patients under palliative care in oncology. Methods: Methodological study according to the model of diagnostic content validation of Fehring, in a sample of 53 nursing experts. The Mann-Whitney test and Spearman's correlation coefficient (P <0.05) were used to check if there were influences on expert judgment. Results: We validated the contents of seventeen defining characteristics of the nursing diagnosis and seven other defining characteristics developed in this study. Nine defining characteristics were considered major, another twelve were considered minor and three were excluded. The total diagnostic score was 0.74. Conclusion: To validate the content of the defining characteristics of the nursing diagnosis Impaired Comfort for patients in palliative care in oncology is a way of supporting the clinical nursing practice in their own theoretical knowledge.29111512

Digestibilidade in situ das frações fibrosas de silagens de seis genótipos de sorgo (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) em diferentes estadios de maturação.

Com o objetivo de avaliar a digestibilidade in situ das frações fibrosas de silagens de seis híbridos de sorgo em diferentes estádios de maturação, foram utilizados quatro bovinos machos, fistulados no rúmen, castrados, mestiços Holandês-Zebu, alimentados com feno de gramínea à vontade. Amostras de silagens secas e moídas foram colocadas em sacos de náilon que foram introduzidos nas fístulas dos bovinos. Após períodos de incubação de 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 e 96 horas, os sacos foram removidos e as amostras de um mesmo híbrido, animal e período de incubação foram transformadas em um "pool" homogêneo, moído e armazenado para análises posteriores das frações fibrosas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de parcelas sub-subdivididas no qual as parcelas eram as silagens de híbridos, as sub-parcelas os estádios de maturação e as sub-sub-parcelas os períodos de incubação. No corte 1, exceto nos tempos de incubação de 6, 24 e 96 horas, os híbridos não diferiram quanto ao desaparecimento médio de FDN. No corte 2 houve diferenças entre híbridos apenas no tempo de 12 e 96 horas e no corte 3, apenas no tempo de 12 horas. Em todos os híbridos registrou-se estabilização do processo fermentativo a partir de 72 horas, exceto nos híbridos BR 304 nos cortes 1 e 3 e BRS 701 no corte 3. Não houve diferenças entre híbridos quanto ao desaparecimento médio de FDA em nenhum dos tempos estudados, exceto para o tempo de 96 horas no corte 1 e no tempo de 72 horas no corte 3. As curvas de degradação demonstraram tendência de estabilização do processo fermentativo a partir de 72 horas, à exceção dos híbridos BR 304 no corte 1 e BRS 701 no corte 3. A participação de grãos nas silagens não influenciou o desaparecimento das frações fibrosas. Entretanto, houve influência do estádio de maturação das plantas sobre sua degradabilidade efetiva, favorecendo os cortes mais precoces

Degradabilidade in situ da matéria seca e proteína bruta das silagens de seis genótipos de sorgo (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) em diferentes estádios de maturação.

In order to evaluate the in situ degradability of the dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) of silages of six sorghum genotypes in different stages of maturation, four fistulated crossbred Holstein-Zebu steers, fed with grass hay ad libitum, were utilized. The silage samples were dried and milled at 5 mm screen and 5 g of each sample was placed in 12x18 cm nylon bags with a 50 micro m porous size, and were introduced into the fistulas. After incubation (6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h), the nylon bags were removed, the samples from the same genotype, animal and time of incubation were transformed in a homogenous pool and milled at 1 mm screen, and stored for further analysis of DM and CP. It used the split-split plot design in which the parcels contained the silages of the different genotypes. In this study, there were differences in DM and CP disappearance of the sorghum silages, although these cannot be attributed to the percentage of grains in the different genotypes. The age of the plant influenced the effective degradability of digestible fractions, benefiting early stages.

Shock excitation of the knots of Hen 3-1475

We present new optical STIS HST spectroscopic observations of the jets of the proto-planetary nebula Hen 3-1475. The excitation conditions of the knots of Hen 3-1475 are derived from the observed optical spectra, confirming that the knots are shock excited. The shocked spectra are qualitatively reproduced by simple ``3/2''D bow shock models. We present a set of bow shock models devoted to planetary nebulae, and discuss the effects of the pre-ionization conditions, the bow shock velocity, the bow shock shape and the chemical abundances on the predicted spectra. To explore the reliability of the ``3/2''D bow shock models, we also compare the observed spectra of other three proto-planetary nebulae (M 1-92, M 2-56 and CRL 618) to the predicted spectra.Comment: 13 pages. A&A (in press