Atendimento as Vítimas de Violência e Acidentes no Ambulatório do Complexo de Pediatria Arlinda Marques: uma análise sobre os relatos dos usuários assistidos

ABSTRACT   This study discusses violence perpetrated against children and adolescents, recognizing that it is neither a recent nor a decontextualized phenomenon. The objective was to verify the social factors that contribute to influencing adults to perpetrate violence against children and adolescents, associated with the relationship between the deep inequalities in the distribution of social wealth. We chose to base our work on the critical-dialectic theoretical-methodological perspective to describe the facts presented here, through the collection of data inherent to the year 2010, from the subjects treated at the Outpatient Clinic for Care for Victims of Violence and Accidents at the Pediatrics Complex Arlinda Marques, whose sample was 27 children and 19 adolescents, mainly from João Pessoa/PB and the metropolitan region. It was observed that of the total sample investigated, in terms of sex, 28 were girls and 18 boys, characterized by being aged between 2 and 17 years, of both sexes. In the analysis of their families, low education, high unemployment or underemployment and precarious housing conditions predominate; the vast majority of whom are beneficiaries of the Bolsa Família Program. As for the adults identified as aggressors, the characteristics are similar to those of their victims in terms of socioeconomic conditions. It is clear that violence perpetrated against children and adolescents is influenced by cultural, economic and social factors.  Keywords: Violence and accidents, children and adolescents, social factors.  RESUMO   Este estudo discute sobre a violência perpetrada contra crianças e adolescentes, reconhecendo que não se trata de um fenômeno recente nem descontextualizado. Objetivou-se verificar os fatores sociais que contribuem para influenciar adultos a praticarem violência contra crianças e adolescentes, associada a relação existente entre as profundas desigualdades na distribuição da riqueza social. Optamos por embasar nosso trabalho na perspectiva teórico-metodológica crítico-dialética para descrição dos fatos ora apresentados, através da coleta de dados inerentes ao ano de 2010, junto aos sujeitos atendidos no Ambulatório de Atendimento às Vítimas de Violência e Acidentes do Complexo de Pediatria Arlinda Marques, cuja amostra adotada foi 27 crianças e 19 adolescentes, originários, sobretudo de João Pessoa/PB e região metropolitana. Observou-se que do total da amostra investigada, no que tange ao sexo, 28 foram meninas e 18 meninos, caracterizadas por apresentarem idade entre 2 e 17 anos, de ambos os sexos. Na análise de suas famílias, predomina baixa escolaridade, alto índice de desemprego ou subemprego e precárias condições de moradia; em sua grande maioria beneficiária do Programa Bolsa Família. Quanto aos adultos apontados como agressores, as características se assemelham as de suas vítimas no tocante às condições socioeconômicas. Evidencia-se sobremaneira que a violência perpetrada contra crianças e adolescentes recebem influência de fatores culturais, econômicos e sociais.   Palavras-chave: Violência e acidentes, criança e adolescentes, fatores sociais

Caracterização microbiológica de fungos em castanhas de cajú e castanhas do Pará comercializadas no mercado do Ver-o-Peso, Belém-PA, Brasil / Microbiological characterization of fungi in cashew cashews Pará and chestnuts marked in the Ver-o-Peso market, Belém-PA, Brazil

O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma caracterização microbiológica para aferir a presença de fungos em castanhas de caju e castanha do Pará comercializadas no Mercado do Ver-o-Peso (Belém-PA). Foram coletadas 10 amostras, sendo estas 5 de Castanha de Caju e Castanha do Pará. As amostras foram embaladas em sacolas desinfeccionadas de polietileno à vácuo e transportadas em recipiente isotérmico estéril para o Laboratório de Controle Biológico da Faculdade Integrada Brasil Amazônia. Para a caracterização da contaminação fúngica e isolamento da microbiota do material foi utilizado o método de plaqueamento direto com adaptações que consistiram em submeter cada amostra ao aspecto original e à desinfecção superficial Após a análise microbiológica acurada do material, os dados foram registrados e processados por meio da utilização do programa Microsoft Word 2013 e Microsoft Excel 2013. As Castanhas apresentaram contaminação por fungos em todas as amostras adquiridas, sua presença indica que as condições de manuseio, embalagem e armazenamento estão incorretas.

A IMPORTÂNCIA DO APRENDIZADO EM SALA DE AULA SOBRE EDUCAÇÃO SEXUAL E DOENÇAS SEXUALMENTE TRANSMISSÍVEIS

Scientific studies that approach sexuality in the school environment highlight the importance of children having contact with the subject from the early years of primary school, in a responsible and appropriate manner, thus minimizing as much as possible the dangers caused by a lack of information. This study aimed to analyze students' knowledge and the importance of topics such as sexual education and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) within the classroom. Cross-sectional study, which was carried out with three classes of 2nd year students at the Monsenhor Manuel Vieira State School of Elementary and Secondary Education in the city of Patos, PB in 2019. Data were collected through the application of a semi-structured questionnaire , containing questions about sexuality and STDs and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. 92 students participated in the research, 63 of whom were female and 29 male. There was a prevalence of age range between 15 and 18 years. Regarding knowledge of an STD, 89% responded that they knew and 11% that they did not, with AIDS being the most cited among those who knew. Regarding STD prevention methods, 91% of young people said they knew some prevention method and 9% did not know any method. The vast majority stated that the internet and TV were the main source of information about sexuality.Estudos científicos em que possuem como abordagem a sexualidade no ambiente escolar, destacam a importância das crianças terem contato com o assunto desde os anos iniciais do ensino fundamental, de forma responsável e adequada, minimizando assim ao máximo os perigos causados pela falta de informação. Este estudo objetivou-se analisar o conhecimento de alunos e a importância de temas como educação sexual e doenças sexualmente transmissíveis (DST’s) dentro da sala de aula. Estudo transversal, que foi realizado com três turmas de alunos do 2º ano da Escola Estadual de Ensino Fundamental e Médio Monsenhor Manuel Vieira no município de Patos, PB no ano de 2019. Os dados foram coletados por meio da aplicação de um questionário semi-estruturado, contendo perguntas sobre sexualidade e DST’s e analisados quali-quantitativamente. Participaram da pesquisa 92 alunos, onde 63 são do sexo feminino e 29 masculino. Observou-se uma prevalência de faixa etária entre 15 a 18 anos. Em relação ao conhecimento de uma DST, 89% responderam que conhecem e 11% que não, sendo a AIDS a mais citada entre os que conheciam. Quanto aos métodos de prevenção das DST’s, 91% dos jovens afirmaram conhecer algum método de prevenção e 9% não conhecem método algum. A grande maioria afirmou ser a internet e a TV a principal fonte de informação sobre sexualidade

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030