Estratégias de Enfrentamento de Gestantes Brasileiras Vivendo com HIV

Gestantes HIV-positivo vivenciam grandes desafios na prevenção da infecção de seus bebês, sendo as estratégias de enfrentamento possíveis facilitadores desse processo. Este estudo transversal objetivou identificar estratégias de enfrentamento de 77 gestantes HIV-positivo inseridas em um serviço de saúde pública do Brasil. Enfrentamento foi avaliado considerando-se três fatores: Foco no Problema, Foco na Emoção e Foco na Busca de Apoio Social. Análises multivariadas identificaram preditores dessas estratégias. Emprego, prática religiosa e melhores exames de CD4/imunidade foram associados a estratégias focadas no Problema. Menor escolaridade associou-se a estratégias focadas na Emoção. Busca de Apoio Social esteve associada à disponibilidade deste apoio, à revelação do HIV ao pai do bebê e ao conhecimento do diagnóstico antes da gestação. Achados reforçam necessidade de intervenções voltadas ao apoio social e à participação do pai do bebê no atendimento de gestantes HIV-positivo, com especial atenção àquelas gestantes com diagnóstico recente e vulneráveis economicamente.Pregnant women living with HIV (PWLH) face tremendous challenges in order to prevent their babies’ infection. Coping is a potential buffer against negative outcomes from these challenges. This study aims to describe coping strategies of PWLH. This cross-sectional survey involved 77 PWLH from a public health care center in Brazil. Coping was measured for three types of strategies: Problem-focused, Emotion-focused, and Relationship support. Multivariate analyses identified some coping predictors. Being employed, reporting religious practice and higher CD4/immunity were associated with Problem-focused coping. Lower educational level was associated with Emotion-focused strategies. Relationship support strategies were more likely to be reported by PWLH who had good social support, who had disclosed HIV status to the baby’s father, and who knew their infection before pregnancy. Findings underline the need for HIV interventions focused on social support and participation by the baby’s father, with particular attention to those PWLH who were recently diagnosed and economically vulnerable.Embarazadas VIH-positivo experimentan desafíos en la prevención de la infección del bebés, y las estrategias del enfrentamiento son facilitadores de este proceso. El objetivo del estudio transversal es describir las estrategias de enfrentamiento del 77 embarazadas VIH-positivo en un servicio de salud Brasileño. Se evaluó las estrategias centradas en lo Problema, en la Emoción, y en la Búsqueda del Apoyo Social. Análisis multivariado identificaron predictores de estas estrategias. Empleo, práctica religiosa y mejor CD4/imunidade se asocian con estrategias centradas en lo problema, y menos educación, con estrategias centradas en la emoción. Búsqueda del apoyo social se asoció con disponibilidad del apoyo, revelación del VIH para el padre del bebé y conocimiento del diagnóstico antes del embarazo. Intervenciones dirigidas para el apoyo social y la participación del padre del bebé al cuidado de estas madres se hacen necesarias, con especial atención a las embarazadas con diagnóstico reciente y en desvantaja económica

Nursing actions facing reactions to chemotherapy in oncological patients

Objective: Describing the action of nursing facing the chemotherapy reactions in oncological patients. Method: Integrated review of literature of 14 scientific articles published in the last 10 years. Results: The adverse reactions inherent to the chemotherapy treatment manifested by the patients are frequent. Nausea and vomit were the main reactions described in chemotherapy. The nursing job is developed through the orientation before and during the treatment and has as an primordial objective the improvement of the psychological state of the patient, ensuring security in the proposed treatment. Conclusion: The orientation leads to a better acceptance of chemotherapy, favoring the continuation of the treatment. The need of an improvement of the registers of nursing was evidenced, as well as the implementation of the evaluation process in the construction of to evaluate the procedure and or specific interventions

Envolvimento Paterno aos Três Meses de Vida do Bebê

This study investigated the involvement of fathers when their baby was three months old. Participants included 38 primiparous fathers with ages from 20 to 40 years. The fathers’ interviews were content analyzed, based on three dimensions of father involvement: interaction, accessibility and responsibility. Fathers reported their involvement in many care activities, although not always routinely. They also mentioned worries and a much involvement in decisions related to care, education and baby’s health. However, fathers considered their participation less than desired due to work-related time restrictions. These results indicated an increase in father involvement during the baby’s third month and the need for emotional support for the fathers during this family transition.O presente estudo investigou o envolvimento paterno aos três meses de vida do bebê. Foram entrevistados 38 pais primíparos, com idades entre 20 e 40 anos. Realizou-se uma análise de conteúdo baseada nas dimensões do conceito de envolvimento paterno: interação, acessibilidade e responsabilidade. Os pais revelaram envolverem-se nas atividades de cuidado, embora nem sempre de maneira rotineira. Também relataram preocupações e envolvimento nas decisões relativas aos cuidados, educação e saúde do bebê. Contudo, consideravam que sua participação estava aquém da ideal em função das restrições impostas pelo trabalho. Os resultados apontam para um aumento no envolvimento paterno nos primeiros meses do bebê e para a necessidade de apoio aos pais neste momento de transição familia

Intestinal Parasites in Free-Living Puma concolor

Background: Studies on intestinal parasites in cougars Puma concolor are scarce, and most of the available information on the species has been derived from individuals in captivity. One of the greatest threats to the survival of wild cats is habitat loss caused by urban sprawl, agricultural matrix, and linear developments such as highways and railways, which expose animals to direct contact with humans and to a high risk of death. Given the lack of scientific data the objective of this study was to report on the occurrence of intestinal parasites in a cougar (P. concolor) specimen from the northwestern region of Paraná State, Brazil.Case: The carcass of a free-living cougar (P. concolor) individual was sent to the Interdisciplinary Science Museum (Museu Interdisciplinar de Ciências – MIC) of Paranaense University (Universidade Paranaense - UNIPAR); an individual was killed during a collision with an unidentified vehicle on highway PR-486, in the municipality of Mariluz (PR, Brazil). The geographical coordinates of the location where the animal was found are: 23°59′29″S, 53°8′47″W. This region is characterized by semi-deciduous seasonal forest remnants. After being identified on site and collected by the inspectors of the Paraná Environmental Institute (Instituto Ambiental do Paraná - IAP), the cadaver was donated to the MIC (by the IAP) for a necropsy to elucidate the cause of death. In this context, the cadaver was sent to the Animal Pathology section of the Department of Veterinary Medicine at UNIPAR. The animal was necropsied by performing the standard necropsy technique for carnivores: opening the intestine through the mesentery and exposing the mucosa from the duodenum to the colon. The necropsy showed that the cause of death was hypovolemic shock due to trauma. During necropsy, parasites in the intestinal lumen were visible to the naked eye. Parasites and feces were collected and stored in sterile flasks containing 10% formaldehyde and saline. The parasites were subjected to Faust and Hoffman techniques, micrometry, and morphological analysis, resulting in the identification of the roundworm Toxocara cati and the tapeworm Spirometra decipiens.Discussion: Identifying the roadkill species along highways is of paramount importance, since they are living very close to man and, consequently, reservoirs and disseminators of different infectious and parasitic zoonoses may be possible. Infection by protozoa and helminths in animals usually occurs by ingesting the infective form present in food or water. Toxocara cati and the tapeworm Spirometra decipiens were only reported in captivity before. Research on parasites in free-living wild animals is not common in the scientific literature and this is due to the difficulty of capturing this animal category as they live in difficult to access places such as forests and forests, therefore, research projects in partnership with museums are extremely important for the recognition of wild animal species that circulate in the region, in addition to the parasitic identification of these animals for future sanitary measures and for the preservation of the animal species in the environment. The Parasitological studies of wild animals are highly relevant for expanding this knowledge, especially considering the possible transfer risk of specific parasitic diseases to other animals, as well as to humans

Proposta educacional virtual sobre atendimento da ressuscitação cardiopulmonar no recém-nascido

O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver uma proposta educacional virtual, utilizando recursos multimídia, visando inovar, dinamizar e diversificar espaços de comunicação e interação, favorecendo o processo de ensino aprendizagem autônomo e reflexivo do enfermeiro. Este trabalho constitui-se de uma pesquisa aplicada, seguindo as fases cíclicas e interativas de concepção e planejamento, desenvolvimento e implementação. A proposta educacional foi desenvolvida na plataforma TelEduc, utilizando ferramentas de organização, de conteúdo, de comunicação, do aluno e do administrador. Os módulos de ensino referiram-se as seguintes temáticas: Módulo 1 - Fundamentos de anatomia e fisiologia cardíacas do recém-nascido; Módulo 2 - Fatores de risco para ocorrência da parada cardiorrespiratória no recém-nascido; Módulo 3 - Planejamento da assistência de enfermagem; Módulo 4 - Medicações empregadas na parada cardiorrespiratória no recém-nascido; e Módulo 5 - Atendimento da parada cardiorrespiratória no recém-nascido. Este projeto pode contribuir com a inovação do ensino em enfermagem a partir de uma proposta educacional virtual sobre um tema de relevância que é o atendimento da ressuscitação cardiopulmonar do recém-nascido.El objetivo de este estudio fue desarrollar una propuesta educativa virtual haciendo uso de recursos multimedia, pretendiendo innovar, dinamizar y diversificar espacios de comunicación e interacción, facilitando el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje autónomo y reflexivo del enfermero. Este trabajo se constituye de una investigación aplicada, siguiendo las fases cíclicas e interactivas de concepción y planeamiento, desarrollo e implementación. La propuesta educativa fue desarrollada sobre la plataforma TelEduc, utilizando herramientas de organización, de contenido, de comunicación, del alumno y del administrador. Los módulos de enseñanza se refirieron a las siguientes temáticas: Módulo 1 - Fundamentos de anatomía y fisiología cardiaca del recién nacido; Módulo 2 - Factores de riesgo para la ocurrencia de paro cardiorrespiratorio en el recién nacido; Módulo 3 - Planeamiento de los cuidados de enfermería; Módulo 4 - Medicamentos utilizados en el paro cardiorrespiratorio del recién nacido, y Módulo 5 - Atención del paro cardiorrespiratorio en el recién nacido. Este estudio puede contribuir a la innovación en la enseñanza de la enfermería a partir de una propuesta educativa virtual referida a un tema de alta relevancia como lo es la atención de la resucitación cardiopulmonar del recién nacido.The purpose of this study was to develop an educational proposal using virtual multimedia resources, to innovate, stimulate and diversify areas of communication and interaction, facilitating nurses' autonomous and reflexive process of teaching and learning. This is an applied research, following the cyclical and interactive phases of designing, planning, developing and implementing. The educational proposal was developed on the TelEduc platform, using specific tools for content organization and communication between students and administrator. The teaching modules were on the following themes: Module 1 - Fundamentals of the heart anatomy and physiology in newborns; Module 2 - Risk factors for the occurrence of cardiorespiratory arrest in newborns; Module 3 - Planning nursing care; Module 4 - Medications used in cardiopulmonary arrests in newborns; and Module 5 - Cardiorespiratory arrest care in newborns. This study may contribute to innovating teaching in nursing from a virtual educational proposal on the important issue of newborn cardiopulmonary resuscitation care

Cervical cancer screening in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review of economic evaluation studies

Economic assessments are relevant to support the decision to incorporate more cost-effective strategies to reduce Cervical Cancer (CC) mortality. This systematic review analyzes the economic evaluation studies of CC prevention strategies (HPV DNA-based tests and conventional cytology) in low- and middle-income countries. Medline, EMBASE, CRD, and LILACS were searched for economic evaluation studies that reported cost and effectiveness measures of HPV DNA-based tests for CC screening and conventional cytology in women, without age, language, or publication date restrictions. Selection and data extraction were carried out independently. For comparability of results, cost-effectiveness measures were converted to international dollars (2019). Report quality was assessed using the CHEERS checklist. The Dominance Matrix Ranking (DRM) was used to analyze and interpret the results. The review included 15 studies from 12 countries, with cost-effectiveness analyzes from the health system's perspective and a 3% discount rate. The strategies varied in age and frequency of screening. Most studies used the Markov analytical model, and the cost-benefit threshold was based on the per capita GDP of each country. The sensitivity analysis performed in most studies was deterministic. The completeness of the report was considered sufficient in most of the items evaluated by CHEERS. The Dominance Interpretation (DRM) varied; in 6 studies, the HPV test was dominant, 5 studies showed a weak dominance evaluating greater effectiveness of the HPV test at a higher cost, yet in 2 studies conventional cytology was dominant. Although the context-dependent nature of economic evaluations, this review points out the challenge of methodological standardization in the analytical models

AGRICULTURA URBANA E PERIURBANA: DINÂMICA SOCIOPRODUTIVA EM HORTAS CUMUNITÁRIAS DE PETROLINA/PE SEMIÁRIDO BRASILEIRO

Esta pesquisa aborda a temática da agricultura urbana e periurbana, tendo como objetivo compreender a dinâmica socioprodutiva de duas hortas comunitárias no município de Petrolina-PE. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo de caso, que teve como instrumentos de coleta de dados visitas sistemáticas e entrevista semiestruturada com integrantes das mesmas. Foram caracterizadas duas hortas comunitárias, sendo uma no perímetro periurbano e outra no perímetro urbano do município de Petrolina-PE. Observou-se que todos os agricultores são oriundos de zona rural, e que o perfil etário é composto por pessoas adultas com mais de 40 anos, em sua maioria mulheres, com baixa escolaridade. O cultivo é diversificado contendo hortaliças e ervas medicinais, com a finalidade de suprir as necessidades alimentares da família e gerar renda. Percebeu-se que as hortas comunitárias assumem papel importante na qualidade de vida das pessoas no que tange à produção de alimentos saudáveis e o estabelecimento de relações de solidariedade e troca de conhecimentos entre os grupos de agricultores e as comunidades com as quais se relacionam

Glycemic index and glycemic response of corn starch porridge with addition of oats, flaxseed or soluble fiber isolated

Indexación: ScopusIntroduction: Fibers are commonly known to contribute in the improvement of glycemic and lipid profile, exerting a beneficial effect on health, but its effect on the glycemic index of food is still controversial. Objective: To evaluate the effect of adding high-fiber foods (oats and flaxseed) and a supplement of soluble fiber isolated on the glycemic index (GI) and glycemic response of a porridge of corn starch. Methodology: The study was of crossover, where six healthy subjects ingested preparations based on a maize porridge added to different foods rich in fiber, the GI of the preparations was calculated according to the methodology of FAO. Results: The preparation of linseed added resulting in a lesser glycemic response times 45-90 min and with the addition of oat preparation showed the best results at times 60 and 90 minutes. The mean area under the curve of the glycemic response and GI of the preparations did not differ. Conclusion: Oatmeal linseed seem foods with beneficial properties reduce the glycemic response to food.http://revista.nutricion.org/revista.asp?id=4