Biostimulant and substrates on litchi tree propagation by air layering

The production of quality seedlings is important for the crop cycle and the main propagation type is by the air layering technique, which can be enhanced by using different substrates and plant growth regulators. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the use of a biostimulant and substrate types in the propagation of litchi tree by air layering. The experiment was installed in a commercial area in the city of Mogi Mirim, SP, Brazil and conducted in a randomized block design with a 5x2 factorial with four replications. The treatments consisted of five Stimulate® biostimulant concentrations (0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 ml L-1) and two substrate types (Plantmax® and earthworm humus). After 120 days, the root length (cm), number of roots, calloused and rooted layers percentage (%), root fresh and dry mass (g) and root volume (cm3) were evaluated. Based on the results, it was found that the concentrations of 6.1 and 6.9 ml L-1 promoted greater success in litchi tree propagation and that the layers can be produced on both evaluated substrates.The production of quality seedlings is important for the crop cycle and the main propagation type is by the air layering technique, which can be enhanced by using different substrates and plant growth regulators. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the use of a biostimulant and substrate types in the propagation of litchi tree by air layering. The experiment was installed in a commercial area in the city of Mogi Mirim, SP, Brazil and conducted in a randomized block design with a 5x2 factorial with four replications. The treatments consisted of five Stimulate® biostimulant concentrations (0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 ml L-1) and two substrate types (Plantmax® and earthworm humus). After 120 days, the root length (cm), number of roots, calloused and rooted layers percentage (%), root fresh and dry mass (g) and root volume (cm3) were evaluated. Based on the results, it was found that the concentrations of 6.1 and 6.9 ml L-1 promoted greater success in litchi tree propagation and that the layers can be produced on both evaluated substrates.

Desenvolvimento de mudas de maracujazeiro BRS Rubi do Cerrado com a utilização de ácido giberélico

Foram avaliados os efeitos do ácido giberélico no desenvolvimento das mudas de maracujazeiro BRS Rubi do Cerrado (híbrido de maracujazeiro-azedo ou amarelo: Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa). Os tratamentos consistiram em seis doses de ácido giberélico (AG3): 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 e 150 mg L-1, aplicadas via pulverização foliar. Foram realizadas quatro pulverizações foliares com AG3 aos 0, 15, 30 e 45 dias após otransplantio das mudas para as sacolas plásticas.  Realizaram-se as avaliações aos 0, 15, 30, 45 e 60 dias após o transplantio. As variáveis avaliadas foram: número de folhas; massa seca da parte aérea, caule e raiz; comprimento da raiz; diâmetro e comprimento do caule; índice de área foliar e índice SPAD. Houve efeito isolado das doses de AG3 e das épocas de avaliação para a maioria das variáveis avaliadas. Obtiveram-se nas mudas do maracujazeiro cultivar BRS Rubi do Cerrado melhores resultados utilizando-se 150 mg L-1 com maior desenvolvimento aos 60 dias após o transplantio

Biometria dos frutos e uso de ácido giberélico na germinação de sementes de abieiro (Pouteria caimito)

No Brasil, existem diversas espécies de frutíferas nativas que ainda são pouco cultivadas, mas com grande potencial de exploração comercial, especialmente na região amazônica. Desta forma essa pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a biometria dos frutos e o uso de ácido giberélico na germinação das sementes do abieiro. O primeiro experimento consistiu na avaliação da biometria dos frutos em amostra de 50 frutos, avaliaram-se: massa fresca do fruto, da casca, da polpa e da semente, número de sementes, comprimento longitudinal e diâmetro dos frutos. Amostras de frutos foram trituradas e no mosto avaliaram-se o pH, teor de sólidos solúveis e acidez. O segundo experimento consistiu na avaliação da germinação de sementes de abieiro imersas em soluções de ácido giberélico (AG3) nas doses de: 0, 50, 100, 150 e 200 mg L-1. O delineamento experimental foi em parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições e 25 sementes por repetição. As parcelas corresponderam às doses do regulador vegetal, enquanto que as subparcelas corresponderam aos dias de avaliação após a semeadura (7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33 e 35 dias). Foram avaliados a porcentagem de germinação, o tempo médio de germinação (TMG) e o índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG). Observou-se para o peso do fruto e o número da semente variabilidade média, enquanto que as demais características físicas e químicas apresentaram baixa variabilidade. O uso do ácido giberélico, não incrementou a porcentagem da germinação

Giberelic acid does not promote positive effect on seedlings of 'Okinawa' peach rootstock

The quality of seedlings is essential for a successful crop cycle, since they are the basis of the orchard; and directly linked to its future performance. In peaches, obtaining rootstock is one step process for the production of the plants, which can be often increased by using plant growth regulators. In this way, this study aimed to evaluate the response of gibberellic acid to grow ‘Okinawa’ peach seedlings rootstock. The experimental design was a randomized complete block, consisting of four treatments (0, 25, 50 and 75 mg L-1 GA3); three subplots (30, 60 and 90 days after transplanting the seedlings) in 10 repetitions with 30 plants per treatment. All the experiment was conducted in the nursery with shade cloth (70%).  Evaluations consisted of plant height (cm); root length (cm); stem diameter (mm); leaf area; specific area and leaf number; leaf matter; fresh and dry stem matter (g); fresh and dry root matter (g). Thereby, doses of gibberellic acid did not present any statistical significance on the growth of ‘Okinawa’ peach seedlings rootstock; thus it should be considered future evaluation of this phytoregulator at higher doses

A epidemiologia da cardiomiopatia de Takotsubo no Brasil e os principais fatores de risco da cardiomiopatia de Takotsubo: The epidemiology of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy in Brazil and the main risk factors for takotsubo cardiomyopathy

A Cardiomiopatia de Takotsubo (CTT) é uma disfunção cardíaca reversível, a qual está relacionada, diretamente, ao estresse físico ou emocional. Objetiva-se através dessa pesquisa evidenciar os principais fatores de risco da CT. Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática realizada no motor de busca Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) na base de dados das “Ciências em Saúde em Geral” (Scielo, Medline, Lilacs). Percebeu-se que que a CT apresenta uma ocorrência maior em mulheres na fase de pós-menopausa, onde são atingidas pelo estresse emocional, bem como a inserção de marcapasso também pode desencadear a doença. Entretanto, a etiologia da CT ainda é marcada por controvérsias, mas há concordância acerca do surgimento da CT estar relacionado com a abundância de catecolaminas circulantes

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Teores de carboidratos em pessegueiros cultivados em clima subtropical

O armazenamento de carboidrato é necessário para sustentar o desenvolvimento das plantas, em períodos de estresse, durante a dormência e muito importante no início do crescimento e frutificação, na primavera. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os teores de carboidratos em cultivares de pessegueiro, cultivados em clima subtropical. O experimento foi realizado na Fazenda Experimental Lageado, da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da UNESP de Botucatu/SP, situada: 22° 51’ 55” S e 48° 26’ 22” O e a 810 m de altitude, onde foram avaliados pessegueiros irrigados, com dois anos de idade, cultivados no espaçamento de 6,0 x 4,0 m. O delineamento foi em parcelas subdivididas com 4 blocos, onde as parcelas corresponderam as cultivares Douradão, BRS Kampai e BRS Rubimel e as subparcelas às épocas de coleta das amostras. As amostras da parte aérea foram coletadas nos meses de janeiro, fevereiro, março, abril, agosto, setembro, outubro, novembro e dezembro. Os frutos foram colhidos no pico da colheita, e as épocas de coletas das raízes foram nos meses de janeiro, abril, agosto, novembro e dezembro. Foram empregadas 3 plantas por parcela experimental. Os teores de amido nas raízes das cultivares de pessegueiro foram superiores a ramos, de agosto a dezembro, destacando-se a cultivar Douradão que obteve o teor mais elevado. Porém o teor de amido em ramos foram superiores a raízes, de fevereiro a abril nas três cultivares de pessegueiro de clima subtropical.The storage of carbohydrates is needed to sustain plant growth during periods of stress during dormancy, and very important in early growth and fruiting in spring. In this context, the present work aimed to study the accumulation of carbohydrates in peach cultivars grown in subtropical climate. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm Lageado, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, UNESP, Botucatu / SP, located in the following geographical coordinates: 22° 51' 55 S and 48° 26' 22. The and 810 m height, where they were reviews irrigated peach trees two years old, grown at a spacing of 6.0 x 4.0 m. The design was a split plot design with 4 blocks, where the plots consisted of cultivars treatments (Douradão, Kampai BRS and BRS Rubimel) and subplots to the times of sample collection, the samples of shoots were collected in the months of January, February, March, April, August , September, October, November and December, the fruits were harvested at the peak of harvest, and collection times for roots were in the months of January, April, August, November and December. Three plants were used per experimental plot. There was variation in the accumulation of carbohydrates during times of reviews, but more carbohydrate stored in peach was starch for root and branch in which he presents the most significant accumulation, with its highest peak accumulation in August highlighting Douradão to cultivate both. The starch content in the roots of cultivars, were above branches, from August to December, highlighting the growing Douradão who obtained the highest level, however the starch content in the roots were higher branches, from February to April the three peach cultivars of subtropical climat

Caracterização física e química dos frutos nos diferentes quadrantes da planta e germinação de sementes do portaenxerto cítrico tangerineira ‘sunki’

The tangerine 'Sunki' are highly relevant for the Brazilian citrus industry by presenting important traits for genetic improvement and to be considered a great portaenxento. In this context, the objective of the present work to study the characterization of the fruits of citrus rootstock 'Sunki', depending on the position on the plan and also the germination of their seeds. The physical characteristics evaluated were fruit weight, longitudinal and equatorial diameters of the fruit longitudinal diameter / equatorial diameter, number of buds per fruit, weight of buds and bark and number of viable seeds per fruit. As for the chemical characterization was evaluated titratable, acidity, soluble solid, "Ratio", pH and vitamin C. For the evaluation of these variables, the fruits were obtained from the northeast, southwest, northwest and southeast quadrants. Regarding the evaluation of seed germination, different doses of gibberellic acid and Stimulate were used. The seeds extracted from ripe fruit, washed, dried in the shade and stored in BOD. Immediately after, they were treated for 24 hours with plant growth regulators. After soaking, the seeds were placed in a germinator in germitest paper. After initiation of the germination process, the evaluations were performed daily until the thirty- fourth day. Fruits of 'Sunki'mandarin with uneven as the fruit position within the canopy, the use of gibberellic acid and growth promoter is promising for commercial use on seed germination of this rootstock.A tangerineira ‘Sunki’ apresenta grande relevância para a citricultura brasileira por apresentar importantes características para o melhoramento genético e por ser considerada um ótimo portaenxento. Neste contexto, objetivou-se com o presente trabalho estudar a caracterização dos frutos do portaenxerto cítrico ‘Sunki’, em função da posição dos mesmos na planta e também, avaliar a germinação de suas sementes. As características físicas avaliadas foram massa do fruto, diâmetros longitudinal e equatorial dos frutos, relação diâmetro longitudinal/diâmetro equatorial, número de gomos por frutos, massa de gomos e de casca e número de sementes viáveis por fruto. Quanto à caracterização química, foi avaliado acidez titulável, sólidos solúveis, “Ratio”, pH e vitamina C. Para a avaliação dessas variáveis, os frutos foram obtidos dos quadrantes nordeste, sudoeste, noroeste e sudeste. Com relação à avaliação da germinação das sementes, foram utilizadas diferentes doses de ácido giberélico e Stimulate. As sementes, extraídas de frutos maduros, foram lavadas, secadas à sombra e armazenadas em BOD. Logo após, estas foram tratadas com biorreguladores por 24 horas. Depois da embebição, as sementes foram colocadas no germinador em papel germitest. Após o inicio do processo germinativo, as avaliações foram realizadas diariamente até o trigésimo quarto dia. Frutos da tangerineira ‘Sunki’ apresentam boa uniformidade quanto à posição dos frutos na copa; o uso de ácido giberélico e de bioestimulante é promissor para uso comercial na germinação de sementes desse portaenxerto

Biostimulant and substrates on litchi tree propagation by air layering.

The production of quality seedlings is important for the crop cycle and the main propagation type is by the air layering technique, which can be enhanced by using different substrates and plant growth regulators. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the use of a biostimulant and substrate types in the propagation of litchi tree by air layering. The experiment was installed in a commercial area in the city of Mogi Mirim, SP, Brazil and conducted in a randomized block design with a 5x2 factorial with four replications. The treatments consisted of five Stimulate® biostimulant concentrations (0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 ml L-1) and two substrate types (Plantmax® and earthworm humus). After 120 days, the root length (cm), number of roots, calloused and rooted layers percentage (%), root fresh and dry mass (g) and root volume (cm3) were evaluated. Based on the results, it was found that the concentrations of 6.1 and 6.9 ml L-1 promoted greater success in litchi tree propagation and that the layers can be produced on both evaluated substrates.A produção de mudas de qualidade é importante para o ciclo da cultura, na lichieira a técnica de propagação mais utilizada é a alporquia, que pode ser potencializada com o uso de diferentes substratos e reguladores vegetais. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o uso de bioestimulante e tipos de substrato na propagação da lichieira, via alporquia. O experimento foi instalado em área comercial no município de Mogi Mirim/SP, e conduzido em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com fatorial de 5x2 e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram em cinco doses do bioestimulante Stimulate® (0, 3, 6, 9, e 12 mL L-1) e dois tipos de substrato (Plantmax® e Húmus de minhoca). Após 120 dias avaliou-se o comprimento das raízes (cm), número de raízes, porcentagem de alporques calejados e enraizados (%), massa fresca e massa seca de raízes (g) e volume de raízes (cm3). Com base nos resultados, verificou-se que as doses estimadas de 6,1 e 6,9 mL L-1 promoveram maior sucesso na propagação de lichieira e que os alporques podem ser produzidos nos dois tipos de substratos avaliados

Phenological cycles, thermal time and growth curves of mango fruit cultivars in subtropical conditions

There are many mango cultivars available in different regions. It is about time we analysed their productive behavior in these areas, as well as their phenological performance. This study aimed to evaluate: phenological cycles, thermal time and growth curves of mango fruit cultivars in subtropical conditions. For this study we used the following cultivars: Espada Vermelha, Keitt and Palmer. All the experiments were done at UNESP experimental farm in Sao Manuel (SP), during the agricultural cycle from 2012 to 2013. It was selected 15 branches in each plant, which provided 150 per cultivar. It was determined the number of days of phenological cycles of flowering to fruit ripening, as well as the total number of days to flowering and harvesting. The thermal time was evaluated to each phenological cycle and expressed in accumulation of degree-days. The measurement of the longitudinal diameters (LD) and transverse diameters (TD) of the fruitwere performed in a 12 day’s intervals, from the tenth day after the flowers anthesis, to evaluate the growth curve. Based on the data, it was found that Keitt cultivar requires more days for the fruit to reach physiological maturity and greater accumulation of degree-days to complete its production cycle. The growth curves of the three varieties of fruits have a simple sigmoidal model in function of the days after anthesis