Textpatterns in a computer assisted translator's workstation

A software package for a computer-assisted translator's workstation should contain a special module which consists of a database of preferred textual structures in the source and target languages, (TEXTPAT I), as well as a processor of typical translation cases (TEXTPAT II). TEXTPAT I includes micro- and macrostructures at four levels (text type, text type variants, chunks, syntactic and lexical structures). TEXTPAT II consists of lists of items for which translation rules have to be applied. Both textpats contribute to the idea of a translator's expert system

Entwicklung einer neuen Methode zur Ansteuerung von Ultraschall-Phased Arrays

Die Ansteuerung von Ultraschall-Phased-Arrays basiert auf zwei Vereinfachungen. Zum einen wird davon ausgegangen, dass das Schwingungsverhalten aller Einzelelemente synchron und gleichmäßig ist. Zum anderen erfolgt die Berechnung der Ansteuerungszeiten, den sogenannten Focal Laws, auf dem Ansatz der geometrischen Akustik. Beide Aspekte werden in dieser Arbeit ausführlich analysiert und neue Vorschläge für eine optimale Ansteuerung ausgearbeitet und simulativ sowie messtechnisch bewertet. Das individuelle Schwingungsverhalten der Einzelelemente von Phased Arrays liegt in einer Vielzahl von Toleranzen der Einzelkomponenten und der Fertigungsschritte begründet. Für die quantitative Bewertung kann die mechanische Auslenkung mittels Laser-Doppler-Vibrometrie lokal erfasst und evaluiert werden. Die Kompensation individueller Latenzzeiten im Ansprechverhalten führt dann unmittelbar zu einem höheren Summensignal im anvisierten Fokuspunkt. Um den Einfluss der tatsächlichen Aperturgeometrie von Einzelelementen auf die Qualität des Summensignals des Phased Arrays zu untersuchen, wurde außerdem eine Simulationsumgebung (4D-CEFIT-PSS) entwickelt. Damit ist die Wellenausbreitung unter Berücksichtigung aller wellenphysikalischer Effekte im Halbraum möglich. Somit wurden verschiedene Aperturmodelle erstellt und sowohl im Zeit- als auch im Frequenzbereich analysiert. Die wellenphysikalische Simulation ermöglicht die Berechnung modifizierter Focal Laws, die immer zu einer Verbesserung des Summensignals im Vergleich zum Ansatz mit geometrischer Akustik führen.Ultrasonic linear phased array probes consist of several single elements. By exciting each element at a certain time wave fronts can be tilted, focused or both combined. This is accomplished by a set of delays which is called "focal law". Hence, the shape and the quality of the resulting wave front depends significantly on focal law calculation. This state-of-the-art method is based on two simplifications: firstly on the assumption that each single element has identical vibration behaviour, and secondly on the simple geometrical approximation of the signal propagation time. In this work both aspects will be investigate in detail. For characterization of the individual vibration behaviour the most important transducer parts and theirs acoustical properties will be presented. The theoretical view on the inner structure is completed by two measuring methods: scanning acoustic microscopy as well as computed tomography. Furthermore, the effective mechanical displacement of the transducer interface will be analyzed by Laser Doppler vibrometry. Hence, the individual vibration behaviour of the single elements can be compensated which yields an optimized superposition. To investigate the second assumption the 4D-CEFIT-PSS simulation environment has been developed. The combination of CEFIT (cylindric elasto dynamic finite integration technique) and PSS (point source synthesis) considers all effects of wave physics. A comprehensive parametric study shows the effects of geometrical aperture size concerning resulting signals in decided focal points. The differences of wave propagation in the time and frequency domain will be pointed out. Concluding, focal laws were calculated with the geometrical and the simulation based approach. The resulting wave propagation is simulated for selected focal points. The results were compared both ways, qualitatively and quantitatively. Hereby the difference between both methods was distinguishable. The outcome is a method for modified focal law calculation. Both, the consideration of the individual vibration characteristics and the application of the new focal laws result in higher signal-to-noise ratios for linear phased arrays

Ostdeutsche Arbeitskräfte in Westdeutschland

Die Untersuchung zeigt neben einigen Strukturmerkmalen der 1,2 Mio. ostdeutschen Arbeitskräfte in Westdeutschland deren regionale Verteilung nach Arbeitsamtsbezirken, ihre Verteilung auf die wichtigsten Branchen sowie auf Betriebe nach Betriebsgrößenklassen. Hierzu wurden Daten der Beschäftigtenstatistik der Bundesanstalt für Arbeit und des Zentralen Einwohnermelderegisters von Berlin (ZER) verwendet. Es wird festgestellt, daß die höchsten Zahlen ostdeutscher Abwanderer und Pendler in den Großstadtbezirken Berlin, Nürnberg, München und Stuttgart sowie an der ehemaligen DDR-Grenze zu finden sind. Eine Kombination der (relativen) Zuströme mit der in der Region beobachteten Entwicklung von Beschäftigung und Arbeitslosigkeit läßt jene Gebiete erkennen, in denen ostdeutsche Arbeitskräfte vorwiegend zur Beseitigung der Arbeitskräfteknappheit beitrugen, ohne einen besonderen Angebotsdruck zu verursachen. Andererseits lassen sich aber auch jene Gebiete identifizieren, in denen eine Ausweitung der Beschäftigung bei hohen Zustromzahlen mit einem Anstieg der Arbeitslosigkeit verbunden ist. Ähnliche Effekte findet man in den aufnehmenden Wirtschaftszweigen: Hier gibt es welche (z.B. das Friseur- und Körperpflegegewerbe), die bei schrumpfender Gesamtbeschäftigung eine große Zahl ostdeutscher Arbeitskräfte eingestellt haben, und andere (z.B. Kreditinstitute und Versicherungsgewerbe), wo die Ausweitung der Beschäftigung um ein Vielfaches über den Einstellungen Ostdeutscher liegt. Daß Arbeitskräftemangel primär ein Problem von Klein- und Mittelbetrieben ist, wird durch die Verteilung der einpendelnden und zugewanderten ostdeutschen Arbeitskräfte überwiegend auf diese Betriebe bestätigt. Dieses Ergebnis weist auf ein überdurchschnittlich hohes Arbeitsplatzrisiko ostdeutscher Arbeitskräfte hin; denn Klein- und Mittelbetriebe reagieren deutlich schneller und stärker auf konjunkturelle Schwankungen. (IAB2)Übersiedler, Westpendler, regionale Verteilung, Stellung im Beruf, Geschlechterverteilung, Wirtschaftszweige, Betriebsgröße, Arbeitsmarktrisiko, Westdeutschland, Ostdeutschland, Bundesrepublik Deutschland

Effect of maternal panic disorder on mother-child interaction and relation to child anxiety and child self-efficacy

To determine whether mothers with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia interacted differently with their children than normal control mothers, 86 mothers and their adolescents (aged between 13 and 23years) were observed during a structured play situation. Maternal as well as adolescent anxiety status was assessed according to a structured diagnostic interview. Results showed that mothers with panic disorder/agoraphobia showed more verbal control, were more criticizing and less sensitive during mother-child interaction than mothers without current mental disorders. Moreover, more conflicts were observed between mother and child dyadic interactions when the mother suffered from panic disorder. The comparison of parenting behaviors among anxious and non-anxious children did not reveal any significant differences. These findings support an association between parental over-control and rejection and maternal but not child anxiety and suggest that particularly mother anxiety status is an important determinant of parenting behavior. Finally, an association was found between children's perceived self-efficacy, parental control and child anxiety symptom

The decapping activator Edc3 and the Q/N-rich domain of Lsm4 function together to enhance mRNA stability and alter mRNA decay pathway dependence in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The rate and regulation of mRNA decay are major elements in the proper control of gene expression. Edc3 and Lsm4 are two decapping activator proteins that have previously been shown to function in the assembly of RNA granules termed P bodies. Here, we show that deletion of edc3, when combined with a removal of the glutamine/asparagine rich region of Lsm4 (edc3Δ lsm4ΔC) reduces mRNA stability and alters pathways of mRNA degradation. Multiple tested mRNAs exhibited reduced stability in the edc3Δ lsm4ΔC mutant. The destabilization was linked to an increased dependence on Ccr4-mediated deadenylation and mRNA decapping. Unlike characterized mutations in decapping factors that either are neutral or are able to stabilize mRNA, the combined edc3Δ lsm4ΔC mutant reduced mRNA stability. We characterized the growth and activity of the major mRNA decay systems and translation in double mutant and wild-type yeast. In the edc3Δ lsm4ΔC mutant, we observed alterations in the levels of specific mRNA decay factors as well as nuclear accumulation of the catalytic subunit of the decapping enzyme Dcp2. Hence, we suggest that the effects on mRNA stability in the edc3Δ lsm4ΔC mutant may originate from mRNA decay protein abundance or changes in mRNPs, or alternatively may imply a role for P bodies in mRNA stabilization

Validation of Serpent-SUBCHANFLOW-TRANSURANUS pin-by-pin burnup calculations using experimental data from the Temelín II VVER-1000 reactor

This work deals with the validation of a high-fidelity multiphysics system coupling the Serpent 2 Monte Carlo neutron transport code with SUBCHANFLOW, a subchannel thermalhydraulics code, and TRANSURANUS, a fuel-performance analysis code. The results for a full-core pin-by-pin burnup calculation for the ninth operating cycle of the Temelín II VVER-1000 plant, which starts from a fresh core, are presented and assessed using experimental data. A good agreement is found comparing the critical boron concentration and a set of pin-level neutron flux profiles against measurements. In addition, the calculated axial and radial power distributions match closely the values reported by the core monitoring system. To demonstrate the modeling capabilities of the three-code coupling, pin-level neutronic, thermalhydraulic and thermomechanic results are shown as well. These studies are encompassed in the final phase of the EU Horizon 2020 McSAFE project, during which the Serpent-SUBCHANFLOW-TRANSURANUS system was developed

Effect of maternal panic disorder on mother-child interaction and relation to child anxiety and child self-efficacy

To determine whether mothers with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia interacted differently with their children than normal control mothers, 86 mothers and their adolescents (aged between 13 and 23 years) were observed during a structured play situation. Maternal as well as adolescent anxiety status was assessed according to a structured diagnostic interview. Results showed that mothers with panic disorder/agoraphobia showed more verbal control, were more criticizing and less sensitive during mother-child interaction than mothers without current mental disorders. Moreover, more conflicts were observed between mother and child dyadic interactions when the mother suffered from panic disorder. The comparison of parenting behaviors among anxious and non-anxious children did not reveal any significant differences. These findings support an association between parental over-control and rejection and maternal but not child anxiety and suggest that particularly mother anxiety status is an important determinant of parenting behavior. Finally, an association was found between children’s perceived self-efficacy, parental control and child anxiety symptoms