Waist Circumferences Of Chilean Students: Comparison Of The Cdc-2012 Standard And Proposed Percentile Curves

The measurement of waist circumference (WC) is considered to be an important means to control overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. The objectives of the study were to (a) compare the WC measurements of Chilean students with the international CDC-2012 standard and other international standards, and (b) propose a specific measurement value for the WC of Chilean students based on age and sex. A total of 3892 students (6 to 18 years old) were assessed. Weight, height, body mass index (BMI), and WC were measured. WC was compared with the CDC-2012 international standard. Percentiles were constructed based on the LMS method. Chilean males had a greater WC during infancy. Subsequently, in late adolescence, males showed values lower than those of the international standards. Chilean females demonstrated values similar to the standards until the age of 12. Subsequently, females showed lower values. The 85th and 95th percentiles were adopted as cutoff points for evaluating overweight and obesity based on age and sex. The WC of Chilean students differs from the CDC-2012 curves. The regional norms proposed are a means to identify children and adolescents with a high risk of suffering from overweight and obesity disorders.1277712772

Assessment of sleep disorders and proposed percentiles for adolescents

Objectives. The objectives of this study included: a) to develop a valid and reliable self-reporting instrument to assess sleep disorders among Chilean adolescent students and b) to develop percentiles for age and sex. Methodology. This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study in 2310 adolescent students conducted in the Maule Region, Chile. The sleep disorder self-report was developed considering five categories: duration, alterations, breathing problems, fatigue, and stimulant use. The instrument was validated using a confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability was assessed based on internal consistency. Percentiles were developed using the LMS method (L: lambda, asymmetry; M: mu, median; S: sigma, coefficient of variation). Results. Questions 3, 9, and 12 showed saturation values below 0.40, while the rest had saturation values above 0.41. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of adequacy was 0.749 and the test of sphericity X-2 was 4790.09; the percentage of variance accounted for 62.1 %. Cronbach's alpha ranged between 0.71 and 0.76. Conclusion. The self-report developed to measure sleep disorders in adolescents is valid and reliable for its use in health, education, and sports science programs. Percentiles should be used to identify normal patterns and/or sleep disorders by sex and age.1172738

Reproductibilidad de un cuestionario que valora la actividad física en adolescentes escolares

Introducción: Los cuestionarios de actividad física por lo general son los instrumentos más sencillos y fáciles de aplicar a grandes poblaciones, sin embargo, la capacidad de reproductibilidad varía entre las poblaciones. Objetivo: Analizar la fiabilidad de un cuestionario que valora la Actividad Física en una muestra de escolares adolescentes que viven a elevada altitud por medio de consistencia interna y test re-test. Diseño: Descriptivo-Transversal (Survey). Institución: Universidad Nacional del Altiplano, Puno, Perú. Participantes: Adolescentes escolares de 12 a 17 años. Intervenciones: Fueron seleccionados de forma sistemática 109 escolares de ambos sexos. Se valoró las medidas antropométricas de peso, estatura, estatura sentada y circunferencia del abdomen. Además se aplicó un cuestionario de actividad física con 11 preguntas (test y re-test) con un intervalo de 7 días. Principales medidas: Valoración de la capacidad de reproductibilidad por consistencia interna y estabilidad. Resultados: Los valores de alpha de Cronbach (Consistencia interna) mostraron valores de 0,73 a 0,77 para ambos sexos. El Error Técnico de Medida (ETM) fue de 0,50 a 1,61% y el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman  osciló entre 0,91 a 0,95. Conclusión: El cuestionario de actividad física muestra altos valores de confiabilidad, tanto en su consistencia interna como en la estabilidad de las medidas. Introduction: Physical activity questionnaires usually are the most simple and easy to apply to large populations, however, reproducibility capacity varies between populations. Objective: To analyze the reliability of a questionnaire to assess physical activity in a sample of school adolescents living at high altitude through internal consistency and test re-test. Design: Descriptive, transversal (Survey). Institution: Universidad Nacional del Altiplano, Puno, Peru. Participants: School Teens 12 to 17 years. Interventions: There were systematically selected 109 students of both sexes. We evaluated anthropometric measurements of weight, height, sitting height and circumference of the abdomen. In addition we applied a physical activity questionnaire with 11 questions (test and re-test) with an interval of 7 days. Main measures: capacity rating for internal consistency, reproducibility and stability. Results: Cronbach's alpha values ??(internal consistency) showed values ??from 0.73 to 0.77 for both sexes. Measuring technical error (SEM) was from 0.50 to 1.61% and the Spearman correlation coefficient ranges from 0.91 to 0.95. Conclusion: The physical activity questionnaire shows high values ??of reliability, consistency both internally and in the stability of the measures

The use of World Health Organization growth curves in children and adolescents that live in regions of moderate altitude

OBJECTIVE: To determine the applicability of the World Health Organization growth curves in school children that live in areas of moderate altitude. METHODS: A cross-sectional study, using a stratified random sample of 955 children and adolescents aged 6 to 12 years-old (473 boys and 482 girls) attending public schools in the urban area of Arequipa (Peru). The evaluated variables included body mass (kg) and height (m) values and the body mass index. Z score and the t test for paired measurements were applied for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The boys had similar values of body mass when compared with the reference. However, girls showed higher values than the reference at ages six, seven, and ten years-old (p<0.001). For height and body mass index, differences (p<0.001) were noted between the reference and the school children living in areas of moderate altitude for all ages and genders, being the height lower than the reference and the body mass index higher than the reference. Z scores for the body mass index were: boys - 1.0 (six years-old), 0.69 (seven years-old), 0.50 (eight years-old), 1.20 (nine years-old), 0.75 (ten years-old), 0.41 (11 years-old) and 0.82 (12 years-old); girls - 0.36 (six years-old), 0.53 (seven and eight years-old), 0.48 (nine years-old), 0.89 (10 years-old), 0.55 (11 years-old), and 0.43 (12 years-old). CONCLUSIONS: The body mass index should not be applied to children and adolescents that live in regions of moderate altitude. The linear growth retardation presented by this population directly compromises the results of this index.OBJETIVO: Determinar a aplicabilidade do uso das curvas de crescimento da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) em escolares que vivem em regiões de altitude moderada. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal cuja população foi constituída por uma amostra probabilística estratificada com 955 crianças e adolescentes de seis a 12 anos, sendo 473 meninos e 482 meninas que frequentavam escolas públicas da área urbana da Região de Arequipa (Peru). As variáveis avaliadas envolveram medidas de massa corpórea (kg) e estatura (m) e índice de massa corporal. Para as comparações, utilizou-se o escore Z e o teste t para medidas pareadas. RESULTADOS: Os meninos apresentaram valores similares de massa corpórea quando comparados com a referência. No entanto, as meninas mostraram valores superiores à referência nas idades de seis, sete e dez anos (p<0,001). No caso da estatura e do índice de massa corporal, houve diferenças (p<0,001) entre a referência e os escolares de moderada altitude em todas as idades e em ambos os sexos, com estatura inferior à referência e, consequentemente, maior índice de massa corporal, sendo o escore Z para os meninos: 1,0 (seis anos), 0,69 (sete anos), 0,50 (oito anos), 1,20 (nove anos), 0,75 (dez anos) 0,41 (11 anos) e 0,82 (12 anos); para as meninas, 0,36 (seis anos), 0,53 (sete e oito anos), 0,48 (nove anos), 0,89 (dez anos), 0,55 (11 anos) e 0,43 (12 anos). CONCLUSÕES: O índice de massa corporal não deve ser aplicado a crianças e adolescentes de moderada altitude devido ao retardo no crescimento linear, o que compromete o resultado final deste índice.OBJETIVO: Determinar la aplicabilidad del uso de curvas de crecimiento de la Organización Mundial de la Salud en escolares que viven en regiones de altitud moderada. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal, cuya población fue constituida por una muestra probabilística estratificada con 955 niños y adolescentes de seis a 12 años de edad, siendo 473 muchachos y 482 muchachas, que frecuentaban escuelas públicas de área urbana de la Región de Arequipa (Perú). Las variables evaluadas implicaron medidas de masa corporal (kg) y estatura (m) y el índice de masa corporal. Para las comparaciones, se utilizó el escore Z y la prueba t para medidas pareadas. RESULTADOS: Los muchachos presentaron valores similares de masa corporal cuando comparados con la referencia. Sin embargo, las muchachas mostraron valores superiores a la referencia en las edades de seis, siete y diez años (p<0,001). En el caso de la estatura y del índice de masa corporal, hubo diferencias (p<0,001) entre la referencia de los escolares de moderada altitud en todas las edades y en ambos sexos, con estatura inferior a la referencia y, como consecuencia, mayor índice de masa corporal, siendo el escore Z para los muchachos: 1,0 (seis años), 0,69 (siete años), 0,50 (ocho años), 1,20 (nueve años), 0,75 (diez años), 0,41 (11 años) y 0,82 (12 años) y, para las muchachas, 0,36 (seis años), 0,53 (siete y ocho años), 0,48 (nueve años), 0,89 (diez años), 0,55 (11 años) y 0,43 (12 años). CONCLUSIONES: El índice de masa corporal no debe ser aplicado a niños y adolescentes de moderada altitud debido al retraso en el crecimiento lineal, lo que compromete el resultado final de este índice.31432

The effects of whole-body muscle stimulation on body composition and strength parameters

Background: This study will analyze the effect of Whole Body Electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) in strength and body composition outcomes in adult population. Methods: This study will search the following electronic databases up to July 21, 2020: PubMed, WOS, Scopus, SPORTDiscus y EMBASE. There will be no language limitation. Two authors will independently identify titles/abstracts and full text all potential studies, and will collect data from eligible studies. Additionally, study quality will be assessed by PEDro Scale risk of bias. We will conduct meta-analysis if enough trials are included. Results: This study will explore the effects of WB-EMS in strength and body composition outcomes. Conclusion: The findings of this study may summarize the effectiveness of WB-EMS in increasing strength and improving body composition in adult population. INPLASY registration number: INPLASY202120050 Abbreviation: WB-EMS = whole body muscle stimulation.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Relación entre las actividades de la vida diaria con indicadores antropométricos en mujeres mayores

Introduction: in general, the inability to perform essential activities of daily living (ADLs) can lead to unsafe conditions and poor quality of life.Objective: to determine the relationship between ADLs and anthropometric indicators in women aged 60 to 85 years in a program for the elderly in a municipality of Lima, Peru.Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in elderly women. The sample consisted of 34 women between 60 and 85 years of age. Weight and height were evaluated. Body mass index (BMI), weight index (PI) and body surface area (BSA) were calculated. The activities of daily living (ADL) scale was also measured.Results: the average age of the women investigated was 70.4±5,5 years. Negative relationships were verified between BMI and ADLs was r= -0,34 (p0,05). In addition, we highlight that women with high BMI and PI values, reflected lower values in ADL.Conclusion: these results suggest that it is necessary to promote physical activity programs to improve functional fitness and consequently, ADLs.Introducción: en general la incapacidad para realizar las actividades esenciales de la vida diaria (AVD) puede generar condiciones inseguras y una mala calidad de vida.Objetivo: determinar la relación entre las AVD con los indicadores antropométricos en mujeres de 60 a 85 años de un programa de adulto mayor de un municipio de Lima, (Perú).Métodos: se efectuó un estudio descriptivo trasversal en mujeres de la tercera edad. La muestra está conformada por 34 mujeres con un rango de edad de 60 a 85 años. Se evaluó el peso, la estatura. Se calculó el Índice de masa corporal (IMC), índice ponderal (IP) y el área de superficie corporal (ASC). Se midió también la escala de actividades de la vida diaria (AVD).Resultados: el promedio de edad de las mujeres investigadas fue de 70,4±5,5 años. Se verificó relaciones negativas entre el IMC y las AVD fue de r= -0,34 (p0,05). Además, destacamos que las mujeres con elevados valores de IMC e IP, reflejaron valores inferiores en las AVD.Conclusión: Estos resultados sugieren que es necesario promover programas de actividad física para mejorar la aptitud funcional y consecuentemente, las AVD

Predictores de los Indicadores de adiposidad corporal por edad cronológica y biológica en niños y adolescentes que residen en el sur de Chile

Introduction: The aims of this study were to identify the skin folds that predict the indicators of body adiposity (Body Mass Index [BMI] and waist circumference [CC]), as well as to analyze if the indicators of body adiposity should be evaluated by chronological and/or biological age.Material and Methods: 131 children and adolescents (76 men and 55 women) were studied. The age range ranged between 6.0 and 14.9 years. Weight, standing height, sitting height, waist circumference were evaluated. The BMI and the peak growth rate years were calculated. The nutritional status categories were determined by BMI and CC according to the cut-off points of the CDC-2012.Results: The four folds used (tricipital, bicipital, suprailiac and calf) explained the BMI from 38 to 58% in men and women from 38 to 72%. The power of explanation for CC in men was 30 to 56% and in women from 27 to 53%. The chronological age explained the BMI and CC in men from 0.08 to 37% and in women from 15 to 17%. The biological age explained BMI and CC in men from 11 to 44% and in women from 21 to 24%.Conclusions: The suprailiac fold appears as the best predictor of BMI and CC in both sexes. The analysis of both indicators must be carried out by biological age rather than by chronological age.Introducción: Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron identificar los pliegues cutáneos que predicen los indicadores de adiposidad corporal (Índice de Masa Corporal [IMC] y circunferencia de la cintura [CC]), así como analizar si los indicadores de adiposidad corporal deben ser evaluados por edad cronológica y/o biológica.Material y Métodos: Se estudió a 131 niños y adolescentes (76 hombres y 55 mujeres). El rango de edad osciló entre 6,0 hasta 14,9 años. Se evaluó el peso, estatura de pie, estatura sentada, circunferencia de la cintura. Se calculó el IMC y los años de pico de velocidad de crecimiento. Se determinaron las categorías del estado nutricional por IMC y CC de acuerdo a los puntos de corte del CDC-2012.Resultados: Los cuatro pliegues utilizados (tricipital, bicipital, suprailíaco y pantorrilla) explicaron el IMC desde 38 a 58% en hombres y en mujeres desde 38 a 72%. El poder de explicación para la CC en hombres fue de 30 a 56% y en mujeres desde 27 a 53%. La edad cronológica explicó el IMC y la CC en hombres desde 0,08 a 37% y en mujeres desde 15 a 17%. La edad biológica explicó el IMC y CC en hombres desde 11 a 44% y en mujeres desde 21 a 24%.Conclusiones: El pliegue suprailíaco se perfila como el mejor predictor del IMC y la CC en ambos sexos. El análisis de ambos indicadores debe ser efectuado por edad biológica antes que por edad cronológica

Aplicabilidad del índice de masa corporal e índice ponderal en jóvenes deportistas que participan en la Selección Universitaria de Chile

Objetivos: comparar el perfil antropométrico de cuatro modalidades deportivas y verificar la aplicabilidad del Índice de masa corporal e Índice ponderal de jóvenes universitarios participantes de las selecciones universitarias de Chile.Metodología: Se efectuó un estudio descriptivo (comparativo- correlacional). Fueron estudiados 66 jóvenes universitarios deportistas de Chile (37 hombres y 29 mujeres) con un rango de edad entre 18 a 28 años. Los deportes incluidos fueron: Baloncesto, Voleibol, Taekwondo y Judo. Se evaluó el peso y estatura. Se calculó el Índice de Masa Corporal [IMC= Peso (kg)/estatura2(m)] y el índice Ponderal [IP= Peso (kg)/estatura3(m)].Resultados: Hubo diferencias antropométricas en las cuatro modalidades deportivas y en ambos sexos. El Peso influye sobre el IMC en hombres (R2=55%) y en mujeres (R2= 76%), mientras que, en el IP, el peso y estatura influyen en hombres (R2= 15 y 14%) y el peso en mujeres (R2= 44%).Conclusión: Se observó diferencias antropométricas en atletas universitarios de baloncesto, voleibol, Taekwondo y judo de ambos sexos, además el IP permitió corregir las variaciones del peso y estatura en relación al IMC

Fat-Free Mass and Bone Mineral Density of Young Soccer Players: Proposal of Equations Based on Anthropometric Variables

BackgroundThe assessment of body composition may assist in optimizing competitive efficiency and monitoring the success of training regimes for young soccer players. The purpose of this study was to determine the predictors for Fat-Free Mass (FFM) and Bone Mineral Density (BMD) of young soccer players. Also, the goal was to propose regression equations to estimate FFM and BDM through anthropometric variables.MethodsOne hundred and sixty-seven young soccer players ages 10.0 to 19.9 years old were studied. Weight, height, trunk-cephalic length, right arm circumference, diameter of the humerus, and length of the foot were assessed. FFM and BDM were determined by using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Maturity status using Peak Height Velocity (PHV) was calculated.ResultsMaturity status, weight, and circumference of the relaxed arm positively related to the FFM (R2 = 41–66%). Similarly, PHV, weight, diameter of the humerus, and length of the foot explained BDM in both groups of soccer players (goalkeepers and filed players) (R2 = 45–82%). Six equations to predict FFM (R2 = 62–69%) and six to predict BDM (R2 = 69–90%) were created. Chronological age had a limited use for predicting FFM and BDM.ConclusionResults suggested the use and application of the regression equations as a non-invasive alternative for everyday use in soccer clubs

Enfoque teórico del crecimiento físico de niños y adolescentes

According to their genetic potential, biological characteristics and environmental factors, the study of physical growth allows us to understand the variability of this process in humans. Extrinsic and intrinsic factors could affect the normal process of physical growth, which are studied through different types of research, becoming an interesting subject for professionals in the health sciences. The aim of this study is to analyze the factors affecting physical growth and describe the types of research (transverse, longitudinal and ex post facto) used in the study of physical growth. Intrinsic factors, environmental factors and the interaction between them should be studied in diverse population prioritizing the potential factors affecting physical growth of children and adolescents. This will diagnose, classify and monitor physical growth versus time (transverse and longitudinal) and retrospectively (ex post facto). Consequently, the possibility for researchers and/or private and government institutions arises to promote validated anthropometric studies, helping to implement effective health policies for various purposes such as excess weight control in childhood and other disease entities related nutrition.El estudio del crecimiento físico permite comprender la variabilidad de este proceso en el ser humano de acuerdo con su potencial genético, características biológicas y factores ambientales. Factores extrínsecos como intrínsecos, podrían afectar el normal proceso de crecimiento físico, los que son estudiados a través de diferentes tipos de investigaciones, constituyéndose en una interesante temática para los profesionales de las ciencias de la salud. El objetivo del estudio es analizar los factores que afectan el crecimiento físico y describir los tipos de investigación transversal, longitudinal y ex post facto utilizados en el estudio del crecimiento físico. Los factores intrínsecos, medioambientales y la interacción entre ambos, deberían ser abordados en diversas poblaciones, priorizando los posibles factores que afectan al crecimiento físico de niños y adolescentes. Esto permitirá diagnosticar, clasificar y monitorizar el crecimiento físico en función del tiempo (transversal y longitudinal) y retrospectiva (ex post facto); consecuentemente surgirá la posibilidad para que investigadores y/o instituciones privadas y gubernamentales promuevan la realización de estudios antropométricos validados que puedan contribuir a ejercer políticas sanitarias eficaces, para diversos fines como son el exceso de peso en la edad infantil y otras entidades nosológicas relacionadas con la nutrición