Competencias docentes en la era digital. La formación del pensamiento práctico

Las grandes transformaciones tecnológicas y las nuevas formas de concebir la enseñanza y el aprendizaje plantean la necesidad de volver a pensar el sentido y la naturaleza de la profesión docente. En este escenario, la investigación educativa se ha centrado en conocer cuáles son las competencias que los docentes necesitan para afrontar de manera satisfactoria los nuevos retos profesionales. Este artículo reflexiona, precisamente, acerca del sentido holístico del controvertido término competencias, sobre la selección de las que serían profesionalmente más sobresalientes y sobre los complejos procesos de formación de las mismas. Se destaca la importancia que adquieren el pensamiento práctico y el desarrollo de procesos de interacción entre la teoría y la práctica como marco privilegiado para la formación de competencias en el profesorado

Superconducting/magnetic three state nanodevice for memory and reading applications

We present a simple nanodevice that can operate in two modes: i) three-state memory and ii) reading device. The nanodevice is fabricated with an array of ordered triangular-shaped nanomagnets embedded in a superconducting thin film. The input signal is ac current and the output signal is dc voltage. Vortex ratchet effect in combination with out of plane magnetic anisotropy of the nanomagnets is the background physics which governs the nanodevice performance.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figure

Stretching as pre-intervention can improve aged muscle's response to a resistance training intervention

Sarcopenia represents an important problem in older women affecting their physical function. Resistance training interventions in older adults have been widely investigated, and the effect they have in this population have shown to be positive but blunted compared to young adults. Muscle stiffness in older adults is greater than in younger populations and this could be aiding to cause a blunted response to resistance training, and as it has been shown that stretching can decrease muscle stiffness, it may benefit older adults. The purpose of the study was to determine if a pre intervention of stretching followed by a resistance training intervention, would produce a larger effect in older adults, than a pre intervention of resistance training followed by a resistance training intervention. Isokinetic plantarfexor torque and combined volume of the medial and lateral gastrocnemius were used to determine this effect. Sixteen healthy women (average age, 75.44 years) were randomly divided in 2 groups: resistance training + resistance training (RT + RT), and stretching + resistance training (S + RT). The RT + RT group performed 16 weeks of resistance training, and the S + RT performed 8 weeks of stretching followed by 8 weeks of resistance training. Isokinetic plantarflexor torque was measured with 1 set of 5 repetitions in a dynamometer at 60 degrees per second. Muscle volume was measured with b-mode ultrasound of the medial and lateral gastrocnemius. There were no statistical significant differences found in torque and volume when comparing both 16 week treatments. The only significant time by group interaction found was when comparing torque values of the pre-intervention of RT + RT group with the resistance training portion of the S + RT group, however the results are driven by a drop in mid-test values. In conclusion based on our findings performing a stretching intervention prior to a resistance training program doesn't enhance the response to resistance training more than resistance training alone in older adults. However these findings may have been influenced by a low effort when performing the strength assessments, and other limitations identified, which is something that need to be considered with future research

Aspidoscelis costatus costatus (Squamata, Teiidae): high elevation clutch production for a population of whiptail lizards

Artículo del tamaño de nidada en la lagartija Aspidoscelis costatus costatus.Clutch size and number of clutches per reproductive cycle are important life history traits that can be influenced by anatomical, physiological, evolutionary, and ecological factors. This report on the clutch size and number of clutches of an endemic Mexican whiptail lizard, Aspidoscelis costatus costatus (Cope, 1878), is based on a study of population at an unsually high elevation for a member of this genus. The study site is located in Ixtapan de la Sal, southeastern Estado de México, Central Mexico, at 2090 m a.s.l. Lizards were sampled in June 2006, and from May to July 2007, where females of Aspidoscelis costatus costatus were collected by hand along a drift fence. Female reproductive condition was evaluated based on abdominal palpation for presence of developing eggs; clutch size was determined by actual counts of either vitellogenic follicles or oviductal eggs. The smallest reproductive female was 77 mm snout vent length; females produced a minimum of two clutches during the breeding season, the mean clutch size of 6.5 eggs (n = 33) was one of the largest reported for the genus. However, both length and width of its eggs, and the relative clutch mass have not been diminished by development of a large clutch. Additionally, comparisons of clutch size were undertaken within the polytypic A. costatus complex, within the genus Aspidoscelis, and between certain genera of whiptail lizards. This apparently represents the first study of whiptail lizards (genus Aspidoscelis), assessing the aforementioned reproductive characteristics, in a population above 2000 m

Detection of Replay Attacks to GNSS based on Partial Correlations and Authentication Data Unpredictability

Intentional interference, and in particular GNSS spoofing, is currently one of the most significant concerns of the Positioning, Navigation and Timing (PNT) community. With the adoption of Open Service Navigation Message Authentication (OSNMA) in Galileo, the E1B signal component will continuously broadcast unpredictable cryptographic data. This allows GNSS receivers not only to ensure the authenticity of data origin but also to detect replay spoofing attacks for receivers already tracking real signals with relatively good visibility conditions. Since the spoofer needs to estimate the unpredictable bits introduced by OSNMA with almost zero delay in order to perform a Security Code Estimation and Replay (SCER) attack, the spoofer unavoidably introduces a slight distortion into the signal, which can be the basis of a spoofing detector. In this work, we propose five detectors based on partial correlations of GNSS signals obtained over predictable and unpredictable parts of the signals. We evaluate them in a wide set of test cases, including different types of receiver and spoofing conditions. The results show that one of the detectors is consistently superior to the others, and it is able to detect SCER attacks with a high probability even in favorable conditions for the spoofer. Finally, we discuss some practical considerations for implementing the proposed detector in receivers, in particular when the Galileo OSNMA message structure is used

Ondas no lineales en la locomoción de las culebras Thamnophis melanogaster y Thamnophis eques

Se reportan los resultados experimentales comparados con los teóricos sobre la posible existencia de ondas no lineales solitónicas durante el desplazamiento de un ser vivo a través de la observación de la locomoción de huida terrestre de las culebras Thamnophis melanogaster y Thamnophis eques. En T. eques se encontró que el número total de puntos de contacto disminuyó al aumentar la velocidad y la longitud de onda, mientras que la amplitud de onda disminuyó. En el caso de T. melanogaster solo se encontró que el número total de puntos de contacto disminuyó conforme la velocidad aumentó; en contraste la amplitud y longitud de onda permanecían casi constantes.Se reportan los resultados experimentales comparados con los teóricos sobre la posible existencia de ondas no lineales solitónicas durante el desplazamiento de un ser vivo a través de la observación de la locomoción de huida terrestre de las culebras Thamnophis melanogaster y Thamnophis eques. En T. eques se encontró que el número total de puntos de contacto disminuyó al aumentar la velocidad y la longitud de onda, mientras que la amplitud de onda disminuyó. En el caso de T. melanogaster solo se encontró que el número total de puntos de contacto disminuyó conforme la velocidad aumentó; en contraste la amplitud y longitud de onda permanecían casi constantes

Application of the Sips model to the calculation of maximum adsorption capacity and immersion enthalpy of phenol aqueous solutions on activated carbons

The Sips model for heterogeneous systems was used to describe the immersion enthalpy, maximum adsorption capacity at three temperatures, namely, 283, 291 and 308 K; and interactions between phenol aqueous solutions and activated carbon modified on its surfaces by impregnation with 6.0 M HNO3 and 3.0 M H3PO4 solutions. Activated carbon properties, such as porosity, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area and volume and size pore distributions, were determined using N2 adsorption at 77 K. Surface area values were calculated to be between 469 and 864 m2/g. Also, the pH at the point of zero charge, acidity and total basicity for the activated carbons were obtained. The result showed that the Sips model in addition to describe the phenol concentration in equilibrium can be used to study immersion enthalpy when 1/ns is equal to 1

Experimental realization of smectic phase in vortex matter induced by symmetric potentials arranged in two-fold symmetry arrays

Smectic order has been generated in superconducting Nb films with two-fold symmetry arrays of symmetric pinning centers. Magnetic fields applied perpendicularly to the films develop a vortex matter smectic phase that is easily detected when the vortices commensurate with the pinning center array. The smectic phase can be turned on and off with external parameters.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figure

INCIDENCIA POLÍTICA PARA LA ATENCIÓN Y PREVENCIÓN DE LA VIOLENCIA FAMILIAR, DESDE EL GOBIERNO REGIONAL Y GOBIERNOS LOCALES DE LA PROVINCIA MARISCAL NIETO – MOQUEGUA

El ámbito Local es fundamental para la atención de los problemas de los ciudadanos, las ciudadanas y sus familias, de allí que los procesos políticos locales deben permitir la vinculación estrecha del Gobierno Regional y el Gobierno Local con las entidades del Estado presentes en su jurisdicción y las organizaciones sociales para lograr respuestas concretas a las personas y la atención prioritaria de asuntos como la violencia familiar.   Por ello, lograr el desarrollo de capacidades para la prestación de servicios sociales de quienes están más cerca de los ciudadanos, las ciudadanas y sus problemas es crucial; la tarea pasa entonces por identificar y desarrollar potencialidades y posibilidades en personas y organizaciones para impulsar respuestas a problemas como la seguridad ciudadana, la educación, la salud, la lucha contra la pobreza y la atención a temas extremadamente delicados como la violencia familiar.   En este sentido es necesario tener una cifra exacta del presupuesto asignado por estas instancias de gobierno y el número de ordenanzas publicadas para combatir esta problemática. Sin embargo, la búsqueda de una sociedad en la que se reconozca a las mujeres, niñas, niños y adolescentes como sujetos de derechos, con igualdad de oportunidades, acceso a servicios de calidad y participación ciudadana, requiere mucho más que los logros de ciertas experiencias locales. Hay que aprender de ellas, y hay que potenciarlas, para ampliar sus beneficios, considerando que la legislación nacional, reconoce sin lugar a dudas estos derechos

Costo y rentabilidad de diversas estrategias bioclimáticas en viviendas con enfriamiento evaporativo directo en función del ciclo de vida

En las regiones de clima cálido seco en México se ha extendido el uso de equipos de enfriamiento evaporativo directo que consumen altas cantidades de energía y agua, de ahí la necesidad de desarrollar un proyecto experimental con estrategias conservativas y bioclimáticas puestas en práctica en viviendas mínimas provistas de ese tipo de equipos en la ciudad de Chihuahua, México, a fin de reducir en lo posible su tiempo de operación. Las estrategias aplicadas fueron: instalación de termostato para control de encendido del equipo de enfriamiento evaporativo directo; aislamiento térmico adicional en cubierta; protección solar en ventanas; aislamiento térmico y protección solar del equipo de enfriamiento evaporativo directo; incremento de masa térmica en muros; y ventilación nocturna superpuesta a las anteriores. Se presentan los resultados en términos de ahorro de agua y energía y los beneficios asociados al ahorro de energía y de agua, con una perspectiva de ciclo de vida.The use of direct evaporative cooling in dry hot regions in Mexico is extensive with the consequent high consume of power and water. Therefor an experimental project was conducted in which six conservative and bioclimatic strategies were incorporated to low-cost housings conditioned with direct evaporative cooling, to reduce as possible its operation periods. The applied strategies in housing units in the city of Chihuahua, were: installation of a thermostatic control; additional thermal insulation on the roof; solar protection for windows; thermal insulation and solar protection of the direct evaporative cooling equipment; increase of thermal mass of walls; and night ventilation which were overlapped with all the previous options. In this paper, the results about power and water savings are presented, in addition, the economic consequences associated with these conservative and bioclimatic measures are analyzed, considering the additional costs required for their installation and operation, and the benefits associated with the savings of energy and water, using the life cycle cost method.Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez