A articulação de ideias e experiências na formulação da política territorial de desenvolvimento rural brasileira

The article examines the strategic action of activists who shape the policy community of territorial discussion in Brazil highlighting the role of ideas and the experience contributed by these actors in the federal government that began in 2003, culminating in with the formulation of the development policy of rural territories. Among the different theoretical perspectives, we chose to use the interface of US and French. Among the different theoretical perspectives, we chose to use the interface of North American and French contributions, the public policy community and the cognitive approach, respectively. The article brings together the trajectories, experiences and ideas of the actors who participated in the management of the Secretariat for Territorial Development (SDT) in PT governments, researchers on the theme of rural development and representatives of social movements. This information was collected through in-depth interviews, research on newspaper sites and reading of the minutes of the National Council for Sustainable Rural Development. The main conclusions indicate that these militants, when integrating the policy community responsible for the adoption of a new global framework, decisively influenced the foundations and outlines of public policies for rural development in Brazil.El artículo examina la acción estratégica de los activistas que formaron la comunidad política de la discusión territorial rural en Brasil, destacando el papel de las ideas y experiencias aportadas por estos actores en la gestión federal iniciada en 2003, que culminó en la formulación de la política de desarrollo de los territorios rurales. Entre las diferentes perspectivas teóricas, elegimos utilizar la interfaz de las contribuciones de América del Norte y Francia, la comunidad de políticas públicas y el enfoque cognitivo, respectivamente. El artículo reúne las trayectorias, experiencias e ideas de los actores que participaron en la gestión de la Secretaría de Desarrollo Territorial (SDT) en los gobiernos del PT, investigadores sobre el tema del desarrollo rural y representantes de los movimientos sociales. En términos de procedimientos metodológicos, adoptamos una combinación que comprende investigación bibliográfica, investigación documental e investigación de campo (entrevistas semiestructuradas). Las principales conclusiones indican que estos militantes, al integrar la comunidad de políticas públicas, fueron responsables de la adopción de un nuevo marco global, influyeron decisivamente en los fundamentos y los contornos de las políticas públicas para el desarrollo rural en Brasil.O artigo examina a ação estratégica de ativistas que conformaram a comunidade política da discussão territorial rural no Brasil, evidenciando o papel das ideias e das experiências aportadas por esses atores na gestão federal iniciada em 2003, culminando com a formulação da política de desenvolvimento dos territórios rurais. Dentre as distintas perspectivas teóricas, optamos por utilizar a interface de contribuições norte-americanas e francesas, de comunidade de políticas públicas e da abordagem cognitiva, respectivamente. O artigo reúne trajetórias, experiências e as ideias dos atores que participaram da gestão da Secretaria de Desenvolvimento Territorial (SDT) nos governos petistas, pesquisadores da temática do desenvolvimento rural e de representantes de movimentos sociais. Essas informações foram coletadas através de entrevistas em profundidade, pesquisas em sites de jornais e leitura das atas do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável. As principais conclusões indicam que esses militantes, ao integrarem a comunidade de políticas públicas responsável pela adoção de um novo referencial global, influenciaram de forma decisiva os fundamentos e os contornos das políticas públicas de desenvolvimento rural no Brasil

Predictors of noncompliance to pulmonary tuberculosis treatment : an insight from South America

To investigate the factors associated with a higher risk of noncompliance to tuberculosis (TB) treatment in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Methods We identified 478 adult patients for this case-control study undergoing treatment for confirmed pulmonary TB. Cases (noncompliance) were defined as patients who stopped treatment for more than 30 consecutive days (n = 118). Controls were defined as all patients who completed treatment and were cured (n = 360). Factors associated with noncompliance were calculated with unadjusted and adjusted odds ratio (OR). Results The rate of noncompliance in our study was 25%. The factors of noncompliance after adjustments in the overall population were, in order of magnitude, living in an area of lower income (OR = 4.35, 95%CI: 2.50±7.58), abuse of drugs (OR = 2.73, 95%CI: 1.47±5.09), nonadherence to a previous treatment regimen (OR = 2.1, 95%CI: 1.28±3.45), and history of smoking (OR = 1.72, 95%CI: 1.00±3.00). Age, race, gender, level of education, HIV infection or diabetes status were not associated with a higher risk of noncompliance. In the subgroup of retreatment cases, poverty (OR = 2.65; 95%CI = 1.06±6.66), smoking history (OR = 2.94; 95%CI = 1.09±7.92), male gender (OR = 3.25; 95%CI = 1.32±8.0), and younger age (OR = 4.3; 95%CI = 1.15±16.07) were also associated with a higher risk of dropout. Conclusion Predictors of poor compliance to TB treatment were low income, abuse of drugs, re-treatment cases and history of smoking

Environmental stratification based on a 28 x 28 diallel of open-pollinated maize varieties

The objective of this study was to assess the representativeness of the test environments used by the maizebreeding program of Embrapa in the first phase of genotype evaluation. Ear weight of 378 hybrids from a diallel of 28 openpollinatedvarieties (OPVs) evaluated in ten environments were used. The following environments were evaluated: twogrowing seasons (1991-92 and 1992-93), at three locations (Sete Lagoas, MG, Londrina, PR, and Goiania-GO); in twogrowing seasons (1991/92 and 1993/94) in Aracaju-SE; and in two growing seasons (1992-93 and 1993-94), in PontaGrossa-PR. The complex part of the interaction accounted for nearly 75% of the genotype by environment interaction (G x E).The environments of Londrina-91/92, Ponta Grossa-93/94 and Aracaju-93/94 differed from the others and also from eachother, as shown by stratification analysis. The phenotypic correlation between genotype means in the pairwise groupedenvironments, interpreted as coefficient of genotypic determination, indicated that non-genetic causes were responsible for64.40% of the mean phenotypic variances. The results confirmed the discrimination of three major environmental groups,representing the Northeast (Aracaju), Central Southeast (Sete Lagoas, Goiania and Londrina) and South (Ponta Grossa)regions

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost