Dilemas sociales en campañas de salud pública: efectos del contenido en la percepción del público

Em questões de saúde pública, a participação dos cidadãos é essencial para garantir o sucesso da ação, pois existe a demanda por um esforço individual que assegure benefício ao grupo, podendo existir um equilíbrio entre ganho social e pessoal. Tendo como pano de fundo a teoria dos dilemas sociais, o texto discute resultados obtidos com a realização de experimento cujo objetivo esteve em avaliar efeitos imediatos associados ao conteúdo de peças selecionadas. Os temas abordados pelas campanhas apresentam uma característica em comum: são situações de grande interesse social que só podem ser resolvidas com forte atuação individual.In matters of public health the participation of the citizens is essential to ensure the success of the action, as there is a demand for an individual effort that can assure benefits for the group, where there can be a balance between social and personal gain. Using as a base the social dilemma theory, the text discusses the results obtained from an experiment having the objective of assessing the immediate effects associated with the content of selected pieces. The themes addressed by the campaigns have a common characteristic: all are situations of major social interest that can only be resolved with strong individual participation.En cuestiones de la salud pública, la participación de los ciudadanos es esencial para garantizar el éxito de la acción, ya que existe una demanda para un esfuerzo individual que garantice beneficios al grupo, pudiendo existir un equilibrio entre beneficio social y personal. Colocando como tema de fondo la teoría de los dilemas sociales, el texto discute los resultados conseguidos con la realización del experimento cuyo objetivo consistió en evaluar los efectos inmediatos asociados al contenido de las piezas seleccionadas. Los temas abordados por las campañas presentan una característica en común: son situaciones de gran interés social que solamente pueden ser decididas con una fuerte actuación individual

Characterization of the Brazilian continental shelf adjacent to Rio Grande do Norte state, NE Brazil

This study focuses on the analysis of high-resolution seismic profiles, integrated with sedimentological, echosounder, SRTM and satellite image datasets, of the Brazilian continental shelf adjacent to the Rio Grande do Norte State, NE Brazil. Located in the northeast of Brazil, the State of Rio Grande do Norte is bounded by two main coastal and shelf systems: the eastern coastal-shelf, from the Sagi River to the Touros High, and the northern coastal-shelf, extending from Touros High to Tibau. This shelf represents a modern, highly dynamic mixed carbonate-siliciclastic system characterized by reduced width and shallow depths as compared with other parts of the Brazilian shelf. It has an average width of 40 km, the shelf-break lying at a depth of ~ 60 m. This shelf is subject to the full strength of the westerly South Equatorial current combined with high winds and moderate to high tides and waves. A sharply defined stratigraphic boundary, probably between the Pleistocene and Holocene deposits, is clearly to be observed in the seismic record. Incised-valleys extending from the main river mouths (e.g.the Potengi, Açu, and Apodi) to the shelf break dominate the area investigated and may indicate periods of lower sea level.Este estudo está direcionado ao conhecimento da plataforma continental brasileira adjacente ao Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, NE do Brasil, através da analise de perfis sismicos de alta resolução integrados a dados sedimentológicos, batimétricos, SRTM e imagens de satélites. O Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, localizado no nordeste do Brasil, apresenta dois sistemas costeiros-plataformais: Setor Este, do Rio Sagi (divisa PB-RN) ao Alto de Touros e Setor Norte, do Alto de Touros a Tibau (divisa RN-CE). Esta plataforma representa um sistema plataformal moderno misto (carbonático-siliciclástico), altamente dinâmico. É caracterizado por sua reduzida largura e águas rasas, quando comparado com outras partes da plataforma brasileira. A plataforma apresenta largura média de 40 km e a sua quebra encontra-se a profundidades médias de 60 m. A plataforma é sujeita a ação da corrente sul equatorial, combinada a ventos fortes e variação de maré moderada a alta e/ou ondas. Um limite estratigráfico fortemente definido, provavelmente entre os depósitos Pleistocênicos e Holocênicos, pode ser bem observado e vales incisos, estendendo-se a partir dos principais rios (como por ex., Potengi, Açu e Apodi) dominam a área investigada

Nebivolol Reduces Central Blood Pressure In Stage I Hypertensive Patients: Experimental Single Cohort Study.

Assessment of central blood pressure (BP) has grown substantially over recent years because evidence has shown that central BP is more relevant to cardiovascular outcomes than peripheral BP. Thus, different classes of antihypertensive drugs have different effects on central BP despite similar reductions in brachial BP. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of nebivolol, a β-blocker with vasodilator properties, on the biochemical and hemodynamic parameters of hypertensive patients. Experimental single cohort study conducted in the outpatient clinic of a university hospital. Twenty-six patients were recruited. All of them underwent biochemical and hemodynamic evaluation (BP, heart rate (HR), central BP and augmentation index) before and after 3 months of using nebivolol. 88.5% of the patients were male; their mean age was 49.7 ± 9.3 years and most of them were overweight (29.6 ± 3.1 kg/m2) with large abdominal waist (102.1 ± 7.2 cm). There were significant decreases in peripheral systolic BP (P = 0.0020), diastolic BP (P = 0.0049), HR (P < 0.0001) and central BP (129.9 ± 12.3 versus 122.3 ± 10.3 mmHg; P = 0.0083) after treatment, in comparison with the baseline values. There was no statistical difference in the augmentation index or in the biochemical parameters, from before to after the treatment. Nebivolol use seems to be associated with significant reduction of central BP in stage I hypertensive patients, in addition to reductions in brachial systolic and diastolic BP.132290-

Dynamics of the seasonal airborne propagation of Staphylococcus aureus in academic dental clinics

Objective:&nbsp; Staphylococcus aureus strains can be disseminated during dental treatments and occasionally lead to the contamination and infection of patients and dentists, which is an important public health problem. The dynamics of the airborne propagation and the genetic diversity of S. aureus isolated in an academic dental clinic environment were investigated using isoenzyme typing. Material and Methods: The isoenzymes of 44 previously reported isolates were obtained from fresh cultures and extracted using glass beads. Nine isoenzymes were investigated using multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE). The genetic diversity and relationship among the strains (electrophoretic type – ET) were determined using statistics previously described by Nei25 (1972) and the SAHN grouping method (UPGMA algorithm). Results: Clonal pattern analyses indicated a high level of genetic polymorphism occurring among the 33 ETs, which were grouped into five taxa. Each taxon presented one or more clusters that were moderately related and that contained two or more identical/highly related isolates, revealing seasonal airborne propagation in these dental clinic environments. Conclusions: These data suggest the occurrence of active microevolutionary processes in S. aureus as well as the possibility of environmental propagation during a 14-month time span. Such findings are important to show that multiuser academic dental clinics can retain certain strains that are spreadable to different niches

CONDIÇÕES DE TRABALHO E FORMAÇÃO DOS PROFESSORES DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA: PRÉ-TESTE DO INSTRUMENTO DE COLETA DE DADOS

Este artigo tem como objetivo expor a metodologia para o pré-teste do instrumento de coleta de dados que será utilizado na Pesquisa “Condições de trabalho e formação dos professores de Educação Física que atuam na rede de educação básica dos estados da região Nordeste”, em andamento a partir do Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas Marxismos e Políticas de Trabalho e Educação da Faculdade de Educação da UFBA. A partir de pesquisa bibliográfica, são definidos: (a) os objetivos e critérios de avaliação dos instrumentos do Pré-teste; (b) a opção pelo questionário ou o formulário como método de coleta de dados; (c) a escolha do locus, do raio de aplicação do Pré-teste e das escolas nas quais serão aplicados os instrumentos, bem como (d) do método de acompanhamento pelos técnicos que aplicarão o instrumento. Discutimos a Metodologia a ser desenvolvida e indicamos possibilidades para a aplicação da mesma, visando êxito na realização do Pré-teste no que toca ao processo de aplicação e avaliação do instrumento de coleta de dados

A unified analytical solution of the steady-state atmospheric diffusion equation

A unified analytical solution of the steady-state atmospheric diffusion equation for a finite and semi-infinite/infinite media was developed using the classic integral transform technique (CITT) which is based on a systematized method of separation of variable. The solution was obtained considering an arbitrary mean wind velocity depending on the vertical coordinate (z) and a generalized separable functional form for the eddy diffusivities in terms of the longitudinal (x) and vertical coordinates (z). The examples described in this article show that the well known closed-form analytical solutions, available in the literature, for both finite and semi-infinite/infinite media are special cases of the present unified analytical solution. As an example of the strength of the developed methodology, the Copenhagen and Prairie Grass experiments were simulated (finite media with the mean wind speed and the turbulent diffusion coefficient described by different functional forms). The results indicate that the present solutions are in good agreement with those obtained using other analytical procedures, previously published in the literature. It is important to note that the eigenvalue problem is associated directly to the atmospheric diffusion equation making possible the development of the unified analytical solution and also resulting in the improvement of the convergence behavior in the series of the eigenfunction-expansion.Indisponível

Fourier Series and Transform Applied to Gap Filling of Wind Intensity Time Series from Almirante Álvaro Alberto Nuclear Plant, Rio de Janeiro - Brazil

n this work is proposed a methodology, based on the Fourier Series and Fourier Transform, as a gap filling technique in a time series of wind intensity from a meteorological tower located at Almirante Álvaro Alberto Nuclear Power Plant (CNAAA), Rio de Janeiro - Brazil. The time series comprises the period 1982-2001, with three periods without gaps. The periods ranged from July/1988 to September/1988, from October/1988 to December/1988 and from September/1999 to May/2000. The series were vectorially decomposed into zonal and meridional components, after which artificial gaps were generated. The Fourier series were used and later the coefficients of the Fourier transform were calculated. The cut limits were chosen for each spectrum of each component of the wind. The new coefficients were applied in the Inverse Fourier Transform for the fault times, generating predicted values of the vector wind components, to fill the artificial gaps. The forecasts were multiplied by gain factors so that their intensity was better adjusted. The three periods were statistically evaluated based on the linear regression model (MLR), linear correlation coefficient (r), curve fitting, standard error of estimation (EPE, ms -1), concordance index (r2) and index of Willmot’s agreement and confidence index (c). The visual analysis of series reconstructions indicates that the method reproduces the wind intensities in a reasonably satisfactory way. In spite of this, the statistical analysis of index (c), in general, showed a poor performance of the wind components in the three periods, and may be due to the phase difference demonstrated in the reconstructions. The methodology can be applied, with caveats, to the other existing towers in the CNAAA, only being restricted the condition of transition of the flow regime between sea breeze circulation and katatic wind, followed by the gain factor for larger time series

Lower urinary tract symptoms and sexual dysfunction in men with multiple sclerosis

OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence and interrelationship between lower urinary tract symptoms and sexual dysfunction in men with multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, we evaluated 41 men (mean age 41.1±9.9 years) with MS from February 2011 to March 2013, who were invited to participate irrespective of the presence of lower urinary tract symptoms or sexual dysfunction. Neurological impairment was assessed with the Expanded Disability Status Scale; lower urinary tract symptoms were evaluated with the International Continence Society male short-form questionnaire, and sexual dysfunction was evaluated with the International Index of Erectile Function. All patients underwent transabdominal urinary tract sonography and urine culture. RESULTS: The mean disease duration was 10.5±7.3 years. Neurological evaluation showed a median Expanded Disability Status Scale score of 3 [2-6]. The median International Continence Society male short-form questionnaire score was 17 [10-25]. The median International Index of Erectile Function score was 29 [15-46]. Twentynine patients (74.4%) had sexual dysfunction as defined by an International Index of Erectile Function score o45. Voiding dysfunction and sexual dysfunction increased with the degree of neurological impairment (r=0.02 [0.02 to 0.36] p=0.03 and r=-0.41 [-0.65 to -0.11] p=0.008, respectively). Lower urinary tract symptoms and sexual dysfunction also displayed a significant correlation (r=-0.31 [-0.56 to -0.01] p=0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Most male patients with MS have lower urinary tract symptoms and sexual dysfunction. The severity of the neurological disease is a predictive factor for the occurrence of voiding and sexual dysfunctions

Wood quality of 10 clonal progenies of rubber tree as raw material for bioenergy

The use of wood as a bioenergetic source requires knowledge of its technical properties. The rubber tree Hevea brasiliensis has an economic life cycle of 25 to 30 years in Brazil. It is used for extracting rubber and generating residual wood for fuel. Our goal was to characterize the wood quality of 10 clonal progenies as a source of raw material for bioenergy. Ten clonal progenies of 12-year-old Hevea brasiliensis from an experimental planting in Selvíria municipality were evaluated. Three trees per clone were evaluated for individual properties of Higher Heating Value, immediate chemical analysis, chemical composition, fiber dimensions, thermogravimetric analysis of wood under nitrogen atmosphere and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrosocopy analysis. We highlight clone IAC 311 for fuel because it presents elevated Higher Heating Value and fixed carbon and less volatile material. However, the other genetic materials studied also meet the specifications for energy use and can be highly viable given their physical, chemical, energy, and thermal properties