A função social da propriedade ambiental como concretização dos Direitos Humanos

To reflect on the social function of property environment brings an effort to unders- tand the simple fact that environmental protection is made explicit in Art. 225 of the 1988 Constitution, in the law of environmental crimes (Law No. 9.605/98) and in the damage to the environment (Law 7.802/89) does not reflect the environmental function of property that differs from outright ownership rights that it is included. The protection of the environment is reflected in the normative protection dedicated to it, however there is an outline of the environmental property, it should be brought through the hermeneutic effort involving it in the profile owner Civil Code – as it pertains to property damage must be observed § 1 of Art. 1228 –, the City Statute (Law No. 10.257/01), special laws that oversee the different exercise of property rights – such as Law No. 9.610/98 which deals with intellectual property – and different rules for each urban municipality, especially the Master Plans of cities.Refletir sobre a função social da propriedade ambiental traduz um esforço no sentido de compreender que o simples fato da proteção ambiental estar explícita no Art. 225 da Constitui- ção de 1988, nas leis de crimes ambientais (Lei nº 9.605/98) e na de danos ao meio ambiente (Lei nº 7.802/89), não reflete a função social da propriedade ambiental que difere frontalmente do direito de propriedade que a cerca. A tutela ao meio ambiente se reflete na proteção normativa a ele dedicada, entretanto não há um contorno da propriedade ambiental, este deverá ser trazido através do esforço hermenêutico, associando-o ao perfil proprietário do Código Civil no que tange à propriedade ambiental deve ser observado o § 1º do Art. 1228, do Estatuto da Cidade (lei nº 10.257/01), leis especiais que tutelam os diferentes exercícios do direito de propriedade, como, por exemplo, a Lei nº 9.610/98, que trata da propriedade intelectual e das diferentes regras urbanísticas de cada Município, notadamente os Planos Diretores das cidades

O papel do(a) pedagogo(a) na educação não escolar: reflexões sobre a educação no/para o trânsito do Departamento Estadual de Trânsito da Paraíba

This study intended to analyze the performance of the pedagogue in non-school education and leaned to investigate the subject from the educational practices in / for the transit of the Department of Education Division for the transit of Departamento Estadual de Trânsito da Paraíba – DETRAN/PB. The research explored the following questions: What are the difficulties faced by the pedagogue in acting in a non-school environment? What are the pedagogical contributions of the work done in a non-school environment for education in / for transit? How important is the Bachelor's Degree in Education training professionals to work in non-school spaces? In the theoretical framework we use multiple authors in a bibliographic research on the historical and conceptual trajectory of formal and non-formal education and pedagogy area, for example, Paul Ghiraldelli Junior, Maria da Glória Gohn, Moacir Gadotti, Carlos Alberto Torres, among others. At the methodological level, the option was the qualitative approach, with field research, descriptive and exploratory. We use a semi-structured interview and observation as data collection instruments and the discursive textual analysis method, coined by Roque Moraes and Maria do Carmo Galiazzi to interpret the data. Research subjects were the coordinator and the multidisciplinary team of the DETRAN/PB . The results showed that the pedagogue is a professional who can also operate in non-formal spaces, where the objective is the human formation and there is the involvement of educational processes. In DETRAN/PB, the coordinator has characteristics such as ease to express themselves and communicate, as well as a great sense of responsibility and leadership. Their training involved the development of skills such as: face daily challenges, work in groups, make plans and guidelines and mediate pedagogical practices. These skills contribute to the work of human emancipation, in their daily relationships and social construction. Finally, we conclude that the area of non-formal education is a field that has been consolidating and making an urgent need for civic education and the Bachelor's Degree in Education has importance in training pedagogue to work in these spaces.Este trabalho teve a intenção de analisar a atuação do(a) pedagogo(a) na educação não escolar e se debruçou para investigar o tema a partir das práticas de educação no/para o trânsito do Departamento de Divisão de Educação de Trânsito, do Departamento Estadual de Trânsito da Paraíba –DETRAN/PB. A investigaçãoexplorouasseguintesquestões:quais as dificuldades enfrentadas pelo(a) pedagogo(a) na atuação em um espaço não escolar? Quais as contribuições pedagógicas do trabalho realizado num espaço não escolar para educação no/para o trânsito? Qual a importância do curso de Licenciatura em Pedagogia na formação de profissionais para atuarem em espaços não escolares? No quadro teórico recorremos a vários autore(a)s, numa pesquisa bibliográfica sobre a trajetória histórica e conceitual deeducação formal e não formal e da área da pedagogia, como, por exemplo, PauloGhiraldelli Júnior, Maria da Glória Gohn, Moacir Gadotti, Carlos Alberto Torres, entre outro(a)s. No plano metodológico, a opção foi pela abordagem qualitativa, sendo uma pesquisa de campo, descritiva e exploratória. Utilizamos a entrevista semiestruturada como instrumento de coleta de dados e o método de análise textual discursiva, cunhado por Roque MoraeseMaria do CarmoGaliazzi, para interpretar os dados. Foram sujeitos da pesquisa a coordenadora e a equipe multidisciplinar do DETRAN/PB. Os resultados apontaram que o(a) pedagogo(a) é um/umaprofissional que pode atuar também em espaços não formais, onde o objetivo seja a formação humana e haja o envolvimento de processos educativos. No DETRAN/PB, a referida profissional apresenta características como facilidade de se expressar e comunicar, além de um grande senso de responsabilidade e liderança. Sua formação envolveu o desenvolvimento de habilidades como: enfrentar desafios cotidianos, trabalhar em grupos, fazer planejamentos e orientações e mediar práticas pedagógicas. Tais habilidades contribuem com o trabalho de emancipação humana, nas suas relações cotidianas e na construçãosocial. Por fim, concluímos que a área daeducação não formal é um campo que vem se consolidando e se fazendo necessário e urgente para a formaçãocidadã e que o curso de Pedagogia tem essencial importância na formação de pedagogo(a)s para atuarem nesses espaços

Effectiveness of maintenance immunosuppression therapies in a matched-pair analysis cohort of 16 years of renal transplant in the Brazilian national health system

Maintenance of patients with renal transplant typically involves two or more drugs to prevent rejection and prolong graft survival. The calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) are the most commonly recommended medicines in combinations with others. While immunosuppressive treatment regimens are well established, there is insufficient long-term effectiveness data to help guide future management decisions. The study analyzes the effectiveness of treatment regimens containing CNI after renal transplantation during 16 years follow-up with real-world data from the Brazilian National Health System (SUS). This was a retrospective study with SUS patients after renal transplantion. Patients were propensity score-matched (1:1) by sex, age, type and year of transplantation. Kaplan-Meier was used to estimate the cumulative probabilities of survival. A Cox proportional hazard model was used to evaluate factors associated with progression to graft loss. 2,318 patients were included. Multivariable analysis, adjusted for diabetes mellitus and race / color, showed a greater risk of graft loss for patients using tacrolimus plus mycophenolate compared to patients treated with cyclosporine plus azathioprine. In conclusion, this Brazilian real-world study, with a long follow-up period using the matched analysis for relevant clinical features, and the representativeness of the sample, demonstrated improved long-term effectiveness for therapeutic regimens containing cyclosporine plus azathioprine. Consequently, we recommend that protocols and clinical guidelines for renal transplantation should consider cyclosporine plus azathioprine regimen as a potential first line option along with others

Conjectura de parâmetros operacionais na remoção de cor aparente e de turbidez de um efluente têxtil por meio da tecnologia de adsorção

Creating a sustainable textile industry involves correctly disposing of production waste. The treatment by adsorption for effluents containing high levels of dyes is widely used compared to other conventional methods. Activated carbon is the adsorbent that receives more attention due to its high capacity to capture molecules by chemical interaction. Among the various factors that can influence adsorption, pH is very important because it determines the electrostatic interactions between the adsorbate and the adsorbent. In this context, it is necessary to know the pH at which the charge balance is null on the surface of the solid, that is, the point of zero charge (PZC). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the PZC of the activated carbon, by the "11 points experiment" method, and to evaluate the efficiency of the adsorption technique for treating a textile effluent. The parameters of apparent color and turbidity were used as response variables. Thus, the best pH range activated carbon dosage, and shaking time for the treatment were defined. The conjecture of the ideal amount of adsorbent it was observed as the best result with the concentration of 5 g/L, which reached a maximum removal of 91.22% and 91.04% in shaking time of 20 min, for turbidity and apparent color, respectively.A criação de uma indústria têxtil sustentável passa pela destinação correta dos resíduos da produção. O tratamento por adsorção para efluentes que contém alta carga de corantes é amplamente utilizado em relação aos outros métodos convencionais. O carvão ativado é o adsorvente que recebe mais destaque devido a sua elevada capacidade de captura de moléculas por interação química. Dentre as várias condições que podem influenciar a adsorção, o pH adquire grande importância, pois este governa as interações eletrostáticas entre o adsorvato e o adsorvente. Nesse contexto, é necessário conhecer o pH para o qual o balanço de cargas é nulo na superfície do sólido, ou seja, o ponto de carga zero (PCZ). Portanto, o objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a eficiência da técnica de adsorção para o tratamento de um efluente têxtil com carvão ativado, na remoção de cor aparente e turbidez. Utilizaram-se, como variáveis de respostas, os parâmetros cor aparente e turbidez. Assim, foram definidos a melhor faixa de pH, dosagem de carvão ativado e tempo de agitação para o tratamento. Na conjectura da quantidade de adsorvente ideal, observou-se como melhor resultado a concentração de 5 g L-1, no qual atingiram-se remoções máximas de 91,22% e 91,04% no tempo de agitação de 20 min, para turbidez e cor aparente, respectivamente. Concluiu-se que o uso do carvão ativado pode ser uma alternativa aos processos existentes para o tratamento de efluentes industriais

Real world effectiveness of olanzapine and risperidone in the treatment of schizophrenia in Brazil over a 16-year follow-up period; findings and implications

Introduction: Antipsychotics are widely prescribed for patients with schizophrenia. The Brazilian public health system provides these patients free of charge to patients and it is pertinent to evaluate their benefits. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of olanzapine and risperidone in the treatment of patients with schizophrenia in the real world and assessing risk factors for their discontinuation through a national non-concurrent cohort with 16 years of follow-up. Methods: Three SUS administrative databases were integrated by deterministic-probabilistic linkage. After, patients were matched (1:1) for psychiatric hospitalization, year of receiving the antipsychotic, sex and age, considering either olanzapine or risperidone at study entry. Kaplan-Meier was used to estimate the cumulative probabilities of discontinuation of treatment and associated factors were identified. Sensitivity analyzes were performed. Results: 3416 pairs of patients were included. Olanzapine had a longer time until discontinuation of treatment (p = 0.021), and risperidone had a higher risk of discontinuation (p = 0.021). Among patients persistent for at least 24 months, there was no statistically significant difference. Conclusion: Olanzapine demonstrated superior real-world effectiveness over risperidone, in terms of survival and psychiatric hospitalization. This superiority was not sustained in all analyzes

Air kerma area product in cone beam computed tomography

Objective: to evaluate the influence of FOV in air kerma-area product (KAP) and the constancy of exposure parameters on cone beam computed tomography equipments. Methodology: Two cone beam CT (GENDEX CBX 500 and  i-CAT Classic) were used and seven exposures with the following FOVs were performed: (A) 14cm x 8,5cm, (B) 14cm x 6cm, (C) 8,5cm x 8.5cm e (D) 8,5cm x 6cm, for CBX 500; and (E) 14cm x 6.cm, (F) 14cm x 8cm e (G) 14cm x 13cm, for the i-CAT. The technical exposure factors (kV, mA, mAs and voxel), remained constant. The dosimetric evaluation was performed with air KAP meter manufactured by IBA dosimetry, model kerma X plus TinO, positioned at the output of the X-ray beam. To evaluate the constancy of the exposure parameters a semiconductor (Radcal, Rapidose) fixed in front of the tomography image receptor was used. Result: The KAP values ​​obtained ranged between 360.1 mGy.cm² and 1031.2 mGy.cm². The FOV height had a substantial influence on the radiation dose. Repeatability and accuracy of the tube voltage varied less than 10%. Conclusion: The radiation dose is directly related to the height and inversely related with the FOV diameter; even within the recommended limits, the percentage variation of repeatability and accuracy of kV, for the tomography equipments tested, points to the regular equipment calibration, in order to reduce radiation dose to the patient to a minimum

Remoção de ferro em sistemas e subsistemas de distribuição de água potável em um estado do Nordeste, Brasil

Nesta avaliação, foi verificado o teor de ferro contido na água bruta e tratada para fins de abastecimento público. Tal observação é relevante, pois o excesso de ferro acarreta problemas de caráter operacional e econômico devido a corrosão de tubulações que transportam a água; prejuízos quanto ao aspecto estético que acarreta rejeição para consumo por parte da população, pois em alta concentração o ferro confere à água coloração avermelhada. Os dados secundários apresentaram resultados do teor de ferro de amostras pontuais no período de 2009 e 2013 dos principais Sistemas de Abastecimento de Água da Região Metropolitana de Recife-PE, Brasil e sua conformidade com a Portaria do Ministério da Saúde N°. 2.914/2011, bem como, a caracterização desses sistemas. Em 2009 e 2013, os sistemas Caixa D'Água e Gurjáu evidenciaram valores de concentração de ferro acima dos 0,3 mg/L estabelecido como limite pela legislação vigente. Tais sistemas obtiveram eficiência de remoção inferior a 50% para o parâmetro ferro, nas amostras analisadas

O SUPORTE DE GÊNEROS FACEBOOK

Este trabalho objetiva analisar o Facebook como um suporte de gêneros, para o que utiliza páginas de empresas que divulgam seus produtos. Como aporte teórico para a discussão de gênero e suporte, pauta-se em Bakhtin (2003), Marcuschi (2008), Bhatia (1993; 2004), Swales (1990; 2009), entre outros. Para o anúncio publicitário, toma como aporte teórico Gonzales (2003) e Carvalho (2014). Para análise do objeto, seleciona duas páginas de Facebook de duas marcas brasileiras, Havaianas e Natura. Os resultados mostram que o Facebook comporta-se como autêntico suporte de gêneros, capaz de veicular e modificar os gêneros que nele se inserem

FINAL DESTINATION DIAGNOSIS OF SOLID WASTE GENERATED IN RURAL SETTLEMENTS IN THE SERTÃO OF PARAÍBA, BRASIL

The increasing use of natural resources, the advancement of technology, changes in the needs established by the modern population, constituted by cultural aspects contribute significantly to the increase of solid waste generation in the urban and rural environment, thus necessitating more and more of adequate disposal end. Therefore, the objective of this work was to diagnose the final destination / treatment of the solid waste generated in two rural settlements, located in the municipality of Pombal-PB. Field visits were made in the settlements, in order to know the forms of solid waste disposal. It was possible to verify that more than 80% of the residents of the settlements, burn waste as an alternative for the disposal / treatment of solid waste. With this result, it was observed the need for an environmental awareness regarding the sustainable disposition of these residues in rural settlements

Blastocystis subtypes in patients with diabetes mellitus from the Midwest region of Brazil

Blastocystis sp. is an enteric protist commonly found in human fecal samples. In Brazil, few studies have been developed, but none of them has explored the presence of Blastocystis in patients with diabetes mellitus. We evaluated the occurrence and molecular identification of Blastocystis sp. among patients with diabetes mellitus in the Midwest region, Goias State, Brazil. Genomic DNA was obtained from 175 fecal samples (99 from the diabetic group and 76 from the control group). PCR was performed using pan-Blastocystis primers from the SSU-rDNA gene. Microscopic examination revealed positivity of 12.1% and 7.9% for Blastocystis in diabetics and in controls, respectively. Amplification of Blastocystis DNA was observed in 34.4% (34 of 99) and 30.3% (23 of 76) from the diabetic and control groups, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses and BLAST searches revealed six subtypes among Blastocystis isolates in the diabetic group, represented by ST1 (38.2%), ST2 (11.8%), ST3 (35.3%), ST6 (2.9%), ST7 (2.9%) and ST8 (8.8%). In the control group, ST1 (21.8%), ST2 (21.8%), ST3 (43.5%), ST6 (4.4%) and ST8 (8.7%) were identified. This study is the first report regarding the occurrence and subtypes distribution of Blastocystis in patients with diabetes mellitus in Brazil. The results reinforce the potential risk of Blastocystis infection in patients with diabetes, in addition, it contributes to the understanding of the genetic diversity of this enigmatic organism