The tauola-photos_F environment for versioning the TAUOLA and PHOTOS packages

We present the system for versioning two packages: the TAUOLA of tau lepton decay and PHOTOS for radiative corrections in decays. The following features can be chosen in automatic or semi-automatic way: (1) format of the common block HEPEVT; (2) version of the physics input (for TAUOLA): as published, as initialized by CLEO collaboration, as initialized by ALEPH collaboration (it is suggested to use this version only with the help of the collaboration advice); (3) type of application: stand-alone, universal interface through HEPEVT, interface for KKMC Monte Carlo; (4) random number generators; (5) compiler options.Comment: nine pages, late

The tauola-photos-F environment for versioning the TAUOLA and PHOTOS packages

We present the system for versioning two packages: the TAUOLA of tau lepton decay and PHOTOS for radiative corrections in decays. The following features can be chosen in automatic or semi-automatic way: (1) format of the common block HEPEVT; (2) version of the physics input (for TAUOLA): as published, as initialized by CLEO collaboration, as initialized by ALEPH collaboration (it is suggested to use this version only with the help of the collaboration advice); (3) type of application: stand-alone, universal interface through HEPEVT, interface for KKMC Monte Carlo; (4) random number generators; (5) compiler options.We present the system for versioning two packages: the TAUOLA of tau lepton decay and PHOTOS for radiative corrections in decays. The following features can be chosen in automatic or semi-automatic way: (1) format of the common block HEPEVT; (2) version of the physics input (for TAUOLA): as published, as initialized by CLEO collaboration, as initialized by ALEPH collaboration (it is suggested to use this version only with the help of the collaboration advice); (3) type of application: stand-alone, universal interface through HEPEVT, interface for KKMC Monte Carlo; (4) random number generators; (5) compiler options.We present the system for versioning two packages: the TAUOLA of tau lepton decay and PHOTOS for radiative corrections in decays. The following features can be chosen in automatic or semi-automatic way: (1) format of the common block HEPEVT; (2) version of the physics input (for TAUOLA): as published, as initialized by CLEO collaboration, as initialized by ALEPH collaboration (it is suggested to use this version only with the help of the collaboration advice); (3) type of application: stand-alone, universal interface through HEPEVT, interface for KKMC Monte Carlo; (4) random number generators; (5) compiler options

Bremsstrahlung simulation in K to pi l^pm nu_l (gamma) decays

In physics simulation chains, the PHOTOS Monte Carlo program is often used to simulate QED effects in decays of intermediate particles and resonances. The program is based on an exact multiphoton phase space. In general, the matrix element is obtained from iterations of a universal kernel and approximations are involved. To evaluate the program precision, it is necessary to formulate and implement within the generator the exact matrix element, which depends on the decay channel. Then, all terms necessary for non-leading logarithms are taken into account. In the present letter we focus on the decay K to pi l^pm nu_l and tests of the PHOTOS Monte Carlo program. We conclude a 0.2% relative precision in the implementation of the hard photon matrix element into the emission kernel, including the case where approximations are used.Comment: 1+20 pages, 8 figure

Universal Interface of TAUOLA Technical and Physics Documentation

Because of their narrow width, tau decays can be well separated from their production process. Only spin degrees of freedom connect these two parts of the physics process of interest for high energy collision experiments. In the following, we present a Monte Carlo algorithm which is based on that property. The interface supplements events generated by other programs, with tau decays. Effects of spin, genuine weak corrections or of new physics may be taken into account at the time when a tau decay is generated and written into an event record.Comment: 1+44 pages, 17 eps figure

Relationships of attitudes toward homework and time spent on homework to course outcomes: The case of foreign language learning

In previous studies of homework in core academic subjects, positive student attitudes toward homework were linked to higher achievement, whereas time spent on homework showed an inconsistent relationship with achievement. This study examined the generalizability of these findings to foreign language learning by analyzing 2,342 adult students' attitudes toward assigned homework, time spent on assigned homework, and achievement outcomes in a variety of foreign language courses. Student ratings of the relevance of homework, the usefulness of feedback provided on homework, and the fairness of homework grading were positively correlated with teacher-assigned grades and standardized proficiency test scores in listening, reading, and speaking. Reported time spent on homework, however, was negatively correlated with these measures. In hierarchical regression analyses, all homework-related variables emerged as significant predictors of outcomes after controlling for potential covariates such as language learning aptitude, demographic variables, and affective factors. Thus, these results provide evidence that language course outcomes are positively associated with attitudes toward homework but negatively associated with time spent on homework. Possible interpretations of these findings are discussed. We suggest that the negative association follows in part from the opportunity cost of time spent on assigned homework, which decreases time spent on individualized study that may be more beneficial for improving language course outcomes

Matching NLO parton shower matrix element with exact phase space: case of W -> l nu (gamma) and gamma^* -> pi^+pi^-(gamma)

The PHOTOS Monte Carlo is often used for simulation of QED effects in decay of intermediate particles and resonances. Momenta are generated in such a way that samples of events cover the whole bremsstrahlung phase space. With the help of selection cuts, experimental acceptance can be then taken into account. The program is based on an exact multiphoton phase space. Crude matrix element is obtained by iteration of a universal multidimensional kernel. It ensures exact distribution in the soft photon region. Algorithm is compatible with exclusive exponentiation. To evaluate the program's precision, it is necessary to control the kernel with the help of perturbative results. If available, kernel is constructed from the exact first order matrix element. This ensures that all terms necessary for non-leading logarithms are taken into account. In the present paper we will focus on the W -> l nu and gamma^* -> pi^+ pi^- decays. The Born level cross sections for both processes approach zero in some points of the phase space. A process dependent compensating weight is constructed to incorporate the exact matrix element, but is recommended for use in tests only. In the hard photon region, where scalar QED is not expected to be reliable, the compensating weight for gamma^* decay can be large. With respect to the total rate, the effect remains at the permille level. It is nonetheless of interest. The terms leading to the effect are analogous to some terms appearing in QCD. The present paper can be understood either as a contribution to discussion on how to match two collinear emission chains resulting from charged sources in a way compatible with the exact and complete phase space, exclusive exponentiation and the first order matrix element of QED (scalar QED), or as the practical study of predictions for accelerator experiments.Comment: 24 page

Why do we need higher order fully exclusive Monte Carlo generator for Higgs boson production from heavy quark fusion at LHC?

In this paper we argue that having available higher order fully exclusive Monte Carlo generator for Higgs boson production from heavy quark fusion will be mandatory for data analysis at LHC. The H to tau tau channel, a key for early discovery of the Higgs boson in the MSSM scenario, is discussed. With simplified example and for mH = 120 GeV we show, that depending on choice among presently available approaches, used for simulation of Higgs boson production from b bbar H Yukawa coupling, final acceptance for the signal events being reconstructed inside mass window may differ by a factor of 3. The spread is even larger (up to a factor of 10) for other production mechanisms (promising for some regions of the MSSM parameter space). The complete analysis, which necessarily will add stringent requirements for background rejection (such as identification of b-jet or veto on b-jet) and which will require statistical combination of samples selected with different selection criteria may only enhance the uncertainty.Comment: 14 pages, 22 figure

Special Libraries, May 1916

Volume 7, Issue 5https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/sla_sl_1916/1004/thumbnail.jp

SANC integrator in the progress: QCD and EW contributions

Modules and packages for the one-loop calculations at partonic level represent the first level of SANC output computer product. The next level represents Monte Carlo integrator mcsanc, realizing fully differential hadron level calculations (convolution with PDF) for the HEP processes at LHC. In this paper we describe the implementation into the framework mcsanc first set of processes: DY NC, DY CC, ff->HW(Z) and single top production. Both EW and QCD NLO corrections are taken into account. A comparison of SANC results with those existing in the world literature is given

Ecological mechanisms in cognitive science

© The Author(s) 2019. In 2010, Bechtel and Abrahamsen defined and described what it means to be a dynamic causal mechanistic explanatory model. They discussed the development of a mechanistic explanation of circadian rhythms as an exemplar of the process and challenged cognitive science to follow this example. This article takes on that challenge. A mechanistic model is one that accurately represents the real parts and operations of the mechanism being studied. These real components must be identified by an empirical programme that decomposes the system at the correct scale and localises the components in space and time. Psychological behaviour emerges from the nature of our real-time interaction with our environments—here we show that the correct scale to guide decomposition is picked out by the ecological perceptual information that enables that interaction. As proof of concept, we show that a simple model of coordinated rhythmic movement, grounded in information, is a genuine dynamical mechanistic explanation of many key coordination phenomena