The knowledge and skills on pediatric EEG in medical education - Lublin experience

Background Electroencephalography is a study that records the electrical activity of the cerebral cortex. This record of neuronal communication supports clinical diagnosis of epilepsy and status epilepticus and monitoring of its future courses. That is why electroencephalography is considered one of the most important examination in children neurology. Aim and methodology Due to the interest of medical students in neuroscience, the Pediatric EEG Training was conducted and its efficacy was measured. The study group included 68 international students, who attended lectures in 10-15 participant groups in year 2014-2017. Both knowledge and students self-confidence were rated before and after conduction of the workshops. Results After the conduction of the workshop, 73% increase of knowledge was observed. In aspect of self confidence, 91% of participants confirmed they are confident in reasonable ordering of the examination to their future patients, and 72% of participants feel confident in technical preparation of the examination. Small groups of participants and sufficient amount of time for both theoretical lecture and practical skills training were essential to the significant results and participants’ satisfaction. Conclusions EEG workshops are a great example of combined theoretical and practical training which supports not only the knowledge improvement, but also the practical skills and teamwork experience for future healthcare professionals

Use of yoga in treatment and screening of eating disorders

Mental disorders are a common cause of human disability and early morbidity. Eating disorders, affecting greatly both mental and physical abilities of the patients, are a frequent diagnosis in modern societies (1-5% in women population) with low rate of full recovery (50%) and high morbidity (10-20%). The difficulties in compliance as well as importance of holistic approach, including restoring mind-body balance, improving body image disturbances and additional psychiatric symptoms, urge medicine to find complementary and alternative solutions for existing therapeutic options. Among those yoga, which involves meditation, body awareness, breathing techniques, light physical activity without significant BMI changes, seems to become a more and more popular mean of additional treatment in fighting eating disorders. The aim of this study is to present the effectiveness of yoga interventions in treatment of eating disorders and importance of screening of yoga communities in terms of higher prevalence of several eating disorder types among those groups. . Within 6 reviewed articles from PubMed database in years 2008-2018, presented research proved the importance of inclusion of yoga interventions in patients with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, avoidant restrictive food intake disorder, binge eating disorder. Also among yoga communities, higher scores for disorders like orthorexia nervosa, weight control behaviours were found, comparing to non-participants of those practices. Yoga, the ancient practice of finding balance between body, mind and soul, should be furtherly researched and developed in psychiatric practices, due to the effectiveness and promising results proved by presented reviewed studies

Computational planning of the synthesis of complex natural products

Training algorithms to computationally plan multistep organic syntheses has been a challenge for more than 50 years(1-7). However, the field has progressed greatly since the development of early programs such as LHASA(1,7), for which reaction choices at each step were made by human operators. Multiple software platforms(6,8-14) are now capable of completely autonomous planning. But these programs 'think' only one step at a time and have so far been limited to relatively simple targets, the syntheses of which could arguably be designed by human chemists within minutes, without the help of a computer. Furthermore, no algorithm has yet been able to design plausible routes to complex natural products, for which much more far-sighted, multistep planning is necessary(15,16) and closely related literature precedents cannot be relied on. Here we demonstrate that such computational synthesis planning is possible, provided that the program's knowledge of organic chemistry and data-based artificial intelligence routines are augmented with causal relationships(17,18), allowing it to 'strategize' over multiple synthetic steps. Using a Turing-like test administered to synthesis experts, we show that the routes designed by such a program are largely indistinguishable from those designed by humans. We also successfully validated three computer-designed syntheses of natural products in the laboratory. Taken together, these results indicate that expert-level automated synthetic planning is feasible, pending continued improvements to the reaction knowledge base and further code optimization. A synthetic route-planning algorithm, augmented with causal relationships that allow it to strategize over multiple steps, can design complex natural-product syntheses that are indistinguishable from those designed by human experts

Ethical issues in psychosurgery

Psychosurgery, a discipline that emerged from psychiatry and neurosurgery, is a unique form of treatment, even nowadays counted as a last resort for psychiatric patients. With the rapid growth of alternative psychiatric treatment options, the ethical issues related to those procedures. The purpose of this study is to present ethical dilemmas related to psychosurgery. Among the 261 articles related to the ethics of psychosurgery for analysis 14 significant articles were selected. Since the beginning of its existence, psychosurgery encountered several ethical isssues. Starting from its development in 20th century, when the favourable results encouraged more extensive research in this field until its first dawn, when the researchers of the New World introduced it even to non-medical professionals. Nowadays, since medicine starts to realize its limitations in terms of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy, the psychosurgery comes back from the unpleasant history pages. Modern ethical issues include the most importantly basic ethical principles, which are crucial especially for psychiatric patients. The next important aspect is the modification of beahviour in aggressive behaviour, sociopathic patients and the threat that it will be used as a tool for behaviour modifications rather than treatment method. The positive aspect of nowadays psychosurgery is its impact on increasing the free will in patients with OCD and addiction. Psychosurgery is one of the interesting and beneficial therapeutic options for patients struggling with treatment-resistant psychiatric disorders. The most important is to take into account the basic ethical principles and the greatest willingness to cure the patient into account while performing the psychosurgical operations

Ethical issues in psychosurgery

Golebiowska Maria, Golebiowska Beata, Chen Liu Wei, Zienkiewicz Ewa. Ethical issues in psychosurgery. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2017;7(9):93-100. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.886020 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/4778 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 1223 (26.01.2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2017; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 01.08.2017. Revised: 10.08.2017. Accepted: 31.08.2017. Ethical issues in psychosurgery Maria Golebiowska1, Beata Golebiowska2, Liu Wei Chen3, Ewa Zienkiewicz2 1 Student, I Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin 2 Pediatric Neurology Department, III Chair of Pediatrics, Medical University of Lublin 3 Student, II Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin Maria Golebiowska1, Beata Golebiowska MD, PhD2, Liu Wei Chen3, Ewa Zienkiewicz MD, PhD2 Abstract Psychosurgery, a discipline that emerged from psychiatry and neurosurgery, is a unique form of treatment, but even nowadays counted as a last resort for psychiatric patients. With the rapid growth of alternative psychiatric treatment options, the ethical issues related to those procedures are more commonly raised. The purpose of this study is to present ethical dilemmas related to psychosurgery. Among the 261 articles related to the ethics of psychosurgery for analysis 14 significant articles were selected. Since the beginning of its existence, psychosurgery encountered several ethical isssues. Starting from its development in 20th century, when the favourable results encouraged more extensive research in this field until its first dawn, when the researchers of the New World introduced it even to non-medical professionals. Nowadays, since medicine starts to realize its limitations in terms of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy, the psychosurgery comes back from the unpleasant history pages. Modern ethical issues include the most importantly basic ethical principles, which are crucial especially for psychiatric patients. The next important aspect is the modification of beahviour in aggressive behaviour, sociopathic patients and the threat that it will be used as a tool for behaviour modifications rather than treatment method. The positive aspect of nowadays psychosurgery is its impact on increasing the free will in patients with OCD and addiction. Psychosurgery is one of the interesting and beneficial therapeutic options for patients struggling with treatment-resistant psychiatric disorders. The most important is to take into account the basic ethical principles and the greatest willingness to cure the patient into account while performing the psychosurgical operations. Keywords MeSH: psychosurgery, psychiatry, neurosurger

Cognitive judgment bias in the psychostimulant-induced model of mania in rats

RATIONALE: Animal models of mania lack genuine cognitive parameters. The present gold standard of mania models, amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion, is rather unspecific and does not necessarily target its cardinal symptoms. Therefore, alternative behavioral markers that are sensitive to stimulants are required. OBJECTIVES: In the present study, by combining the psychostimulant-induced model of mania in rodents with the recently developed ambiguous-cue interpretation (ACI) tests, we investigated the effects of chronic administration of d-amphetamine and cocaine on the cognitive judgment bias of rats. METHODS: To accomplish this goal, in two separate experiments, previously trained animals received chronic, daily injections of either d-amphetamine (2 mg/kg) or cocaine (10 mg/kg) for 2 weeks and were subsequently tested with the ACI procedure. RESULTS: Chronic treatment with both psychostimulants did not make rats more “optimistic.” CONCLUSIONS: The results are discussed in terms of behavioral and pharmacological actions of the tested compounds and their implications for modeling mania in animals

MOESM1 of Treatment with high-dose n-3 PUFAs has no effect on platelet function, coagulation, metabolic status or inflammation in patients with atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes

Additional file 1: Table S1. Concentration of serum fatty acids of the phospholipid fraction before and after 3 months of either placebo or n-3 PUFA treatment