362 research outputs found
Waldorf Education and Anthroposophy â a Complex Relationship
Waldorf education Steiner e ducation is one of the most well-established and largest alternative education approaches in the world This educational approach was created out of the Anthroposophical worldview founded by Rudolf Steiner and relies on the teachings of Anthroposophy However the relationship between the educational practice in Waldorf kindergartens and schools and the worldview behind it is complex and multi-faceted both from the internal point of view of those who work from within Waldorf education and from the critical point of view of external researchers Indeed Waldorf education has been criticized and attacked in many ways over the years particularly for these reasons In this article I shall attempt to throw l ight on this connection and explain it from different aspects First I shall briefly present Rudolf Steiner s life path and teachings i e the anthroposophical worldview and then I shall show how Steiner the founder of Waldorf education viewed the connection between Anthroposophy and Waldorf education Subsequently I shall explicate why and how this connection has been subject to criticism from various sides Finally I shall present two ways that try to elucidate this connection and justify it before its critics I shall also endeavor to demonstrate the dangers and challenges that stand before the Waldorf education movement with regard to the fact that it is based on the Anthroposophical worldvie
THE ROLE OF STORIES IN WALDORF EDUCATION: MEANING, PRINCIPLES AND METHOD
The subject of the article is the meaning of stories as an essential part of the Waldorf (anthroposophic) educational approach. Firstly, the meaning of stories as an educational tool is described, followed by an understanding of their educational and human value, especially for children of elementary school age. Subsequently, the article reviews the use of stories as an integral part of the educational work in Waldorf schools. In this educational stream, the story serves as a main methodical means for conveying abstract concepts and supporting the development of children as well as supporting different challenges in classroom and school life. Last but not least, the story in itself serves as a kind of mental treasure of images and processes that can help children understand the world and impart meaning to their lives. Article visualizations
THREE STREAMS IN ALTERNATIVE EDUCATION: A PHILOSOPHICAL, PEDAGOGICAL, AND PRACTICAL COMPARISON BETWEEN DEMOCRATIC, WALDORF, AND MONTESSORI EDUCATION
This article examines the three most prominent movements of alternative education in Israel: Democratic education, Waldorf education, and the Montessori method of education. By comparing the educational approaches according to specific criteria, the goal is to provide the reader with as broad a picture as possible of their similarities and differences. The discussion focuses on the philosophical approach and general principles of each movement and does not aim to provide information or characteristics of specific educational institutions. One of the goals of the article is to bring before parents, educators, and policy makers knowledge of the different approaches so that they can understand and judge them with greater clarity.
Article visualizations
Crustal and upper mantle structure across the Dead Sea rift and Israel from teleseismic P-wave tomography and gravity data
Is there a hard tail in the Coma Cluster X-ray spectrum?
We report results from a re-analysis of the BeppoSAX observation of Coma and
from the analysis of a second, yet unpublished observation of the same object.
From our re-analysis of the first observation we find that the statistical
evidence for a hard tail is about 2 sigma. From the analysis of the second
observation which, thanks to the lower background and the longer exposure time,
is characterized by a larger signal to noise we find no evidence for a hard
tail. From the upper limit on the flux of the hard tail, using the standard
Inverse Compton formulae, we derive a lower limit for the magnetic of about
0.2-0.4 microGauss consistent with Faraday rotation measurements.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, to appear in A&A Letter
Study of the factors affecting the karst volume assessment in the Dead Sea sinkhole problem using microgravity field analysis and 3-D modeling
Thousands of sinkholes have appeared in the Dead Sea (DS) coastal area in Israel and Jordan during two last decades. The sinkhole development is recently associated with the buried evaporation karst at the depth of 25â50 m from earth's surface caused by the drop of the DS level at the rate of 0.8â1.0 m/yr. Drop in the Dead Sea level has changed hydrogeological conditions in the subsurface and caused surface to collapse. The pre-existing cavern was detected using microgravity mapping in the Nahal Hever South site where seven sinkholes of 1â2 m diameter had been opened. About 5000 gravity stations were observed in the area of 200&times;200 m<sup>2</sup> by the use of Scintrex CG-3M AutoGrav gravimeter. Besides the conventional set of corrections applied in microgravity investigations, a correction for a strong gravity horizontal gradient (DS Transform Zone negative gravity anomaly influence) was inserted. As a result, residual gravity anomaly of â(0.08Ă·0.14) mGal was revealed. The gravity field analysis was supported by resistivity measurements. We applied the Emigma 7.8 gravity software to create the 3-D physical-geological models of the sinkholes development area. The modeling was confirmed by application of the <i>GSFC</i> program developed especially for 3-D combined gravity-magnetic modeling in complicated environments. Computed numerous gravity models verified an effective applicability of the microgravity technology for detection of karst cavities and estimation of their physical-geological parameters. A volume of the karst was approximately estimated as 35 000 m<sup>3</sup>. The visual analysis of large sinkhole clusters have been forming at the microgravity anomaly site, confirmed the results of microgravity mapping and 3-D modeling
INTEGRAL discovery of non-thermal hard X-ray emission from the Ophiuchus cluster
We present the results of deep observations of the Ophiuchus cluster of
galaxies with INTEGRAL in the 3-80 keV band. We analyse 3 Ms of INTEGRAL data
on the Ophiuchus cluster with the IBIS/ISGRI hard X-ray imager and the JEM-X
X-ray monitor. In the X-ray band using JEM-X, we show that the source is
extended, and that the morphology is compatible with the results found by
previous missions. Above 20 keV, we show that the size of the source is
slightly larger than the PSF of the instrument, and is consistent with the soft
X-ray morphology found with JEM-X and ASCA. Thanks to the constraints on the
temperature provided by JEM-X, we show that the spectrum of the cluster is not
well fitted by a single-temperature thermal Bremsstrahlung model, and that
another spectral component is needed to explain the high energy data. We detect
the high energy tail with a higher detection significance (6.4 sigma) than the
BeppoSAX claim (2 sigma). Because of the imaging capabilities of JEM-X and
ISGRI, we are able to exclude the possibility that the excess emission comes
from very hot regions or absorbed AGN, which proves that the excess emission is
indeed of non-thermal origin. Using the available radio data together with the
non-thermal hard X-ray flux, we estimate a magnetic field B ~ 0.1-0.2 mu G.Comment: 8 pages, 9 figures, accepted by A&
High Energy Emission from the Starburst Galaxy NGC253
Measurement sensitivity in the energetic gamma-ray region has improved
considerably, and is about to increase further in the near future, motivating a
detailed calculation of high-energy (>100 MeV) and very-high-energy (VHE: >100
GeV) gamma-ray emission from the nearby starburst galaxy NGC253. Adopting the
convection-diffusion model for energetic electron and proton propagation, and
accounting for all the relevant hadronic and leptonic processes, we determine
the steady-state energy distributions of these particles by a detailed
numerical treatment. The electron distribution is directly normalized by the
measured synchrotron radio emission from the central starburst region; a
commonly expected theoretical relation is then used to normalize the proton
spectrum in this region. Doing so fully specifies the electron spectrum
throughout the galactic disk, and with an assumed spatial profile of the
magnetic field, the predicted radio emission from the full disk matches well
the observed spectrum, confirming the validity of our treatment. The resulting
radiative yields of both particles are calculated; the integrated HE and VHE
fluxes from the entire disk are predicted to be f(>100 MeV)~2x10^-8 cm^-2 s^-1
and f(>100 GeV)~4x10^-12 cm^-2 s^-1, respectively. We discuss the feasibility
of measuring emission at these levels with the space-borne Fermi and the
ground-based Cherenkov telescopes.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures; accepted for publication in the MNRA
Fast growth of magnetic fields in galaxy clusters: a self-accelerating dynamo
We propose a model of magnetic-field growth in galaxy clusters whereby the
field is amplified by a factor of about 10^8 over a cosmologically short time
of ~10^8 yr. Our model is based on the idea that the viscosity of the
intracluster medium during the field-amplification epoch is determined not by
particle collisions but by plasma microinstabilities: these give rise to
small-scale fluctuations, which scatter particles, increasing their effective
collision rate and, therefore, the effective Reynolds number. This gives rise
to a bootstrap effect as the growth of the field triggers the instabilities
which increase the Reynolds number which, in turn, accelerates the growth of
the field. The growth is explosive and the result is that the observed field
strength is reached over a fraction of the cluster lifetime independent of the
exact strength of the seed field (which only needs to be above ~10^{-15} G to
trigger the explosive growth).Comment: latex (AN style), 5 pages, 2 figure
Magnetic helicity in primordial and dynamo scenarios of galaxies
Some common properties of helical magnetic fields in decaying and driven
turbulence are discussed. These include mainly the inverse cascade that
produces fields on progressively larger scales. Magnetic helicity also
restricts the evolution of the large scale field: the field decays less rapidly
than a non-helical field, but it also saturates more slowly, i.e. on a
resistive time scale if there are no magnetic helicity fluxes. The former
effect is utilized in primordial field scenarios, while the latter is important
for successfully explaining astrophysical dynamos that saturate faster than
resistively. Dynamo action is argued to be important not only in the galactic
dynamo, but also in accretion discs in active galactic nuclei and around
protostars, both of which contribute to producing a strong enough seed magnetic
field. Although primordial magnetic fields may be too weak to compete with
these astrophysical mechanisms, such fields could perhaps still be important in
producing polarization effects in the cosmic background radiation.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, talk given in Bologna, August 2006, proceedings
of "The Origin and Evolution of Cosmic Magnetism", Astron. Nachr. (in press
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