Law in police culture: a study on how interaction with legal institutions shapes the occupational culture of Brazil’s military polices

This master’s thesis aims to explore, by means of an empirical study, the ways in which contact with law, legal institutions and legal actors acts as a molding factor for police culture in the context of Brazil’s Military Polices. In doing this, it hopes to contribute both to general socio-legal debates on policing and to the specific discussions surrounding Brazil’s security forces’ difficulties in complying with rule of law standards. Taking academic critiques on classic conceptualizations of police culture as inspiration, I used concepts drawn from Pierre Bourdieu’s and Erving Goffman’s sociological theories to develop a theoretical framework considered fit for a contextualized analysis. The methodology was qualitative, combining five semi-structured interviews with observation of six video-conferenced criminal trials in which officers testified as witnesses. My analysis suggests that contact with the legal field structurally conditions the development of Brazil’s police culture, although not always in the ways intended by law. Influence happens by means of officer’s participation in juridical disputes, their concern with sanctions and their need of legal resources to navigate work routines in a better manner. Additionally, I argue that law is an important symbolic figure in the construction of the officers’ occupational selves, and that contact with legal institutions engenders particular strategies of self-presentation, aimed at safeguarding both appearances and internal ideas about the profession. Further research is suggested to deepen the explanation of this complex set of relations

Transitioning to a circular business model in sustainable fashion companies

The circular economy is a topic of growing interest as it presents an alternative to the current linear model of “take-make-disposal” and is needed to connect the environment and the economic systems. Not only new technologies and collaboration among the supply chain are crucial to achieve the circular economy, but new business models are required to expand the potential and application of circular principles. The fashion industry has an important role in our lives and is responsible for a huge environmental and social impact, what makes it especially interesting for the transition to a circular business model. The objective of this research is to analyze how the adoption of circularity by “born sustainable” fashion companies affect their business model. By identifying and adapting a circular business model framework from the literature to the fashion industry, the aim is to understand how companies from Brazil and Italy implement circular principles in their business models. This study is separated into two papers. The first had the objective of adapting a circular business model framework for fashion apparel manufactures, and experts were interviewed to validate the proposal. The second paper sought to analyze the application of the circular business model framework by four sustainable fashion companies of the aforementioned countries by conducting case studies. Results show that the small sustainable fashion businesses share the concern about the social welfare of the involved in the supply chain and offer garments aiming quality and durability. However, they present different design strategies and differ with respect to the materials used. Besides the design, is part of the implementation of circularity the offer of services such as repair, in which while the ownership is still transferred, increases the interaction with customers. Take-back systems, referring to the collection and management of used garments, are important buy still not widely implemented or utilized, indicating some barriers. Design challenges and high costs due to resources and manual and fairly paid production processes are other common challenges.A economia circular é um tópico de crescente interesse, visto que apresenta uma alternativa ao atual modelo linear de “extrair-produzir-descartar” e é necessária para conectar o meio ambiente e os sistemas econômicos. Não apenas novas tecnologias e colaboração entre a cadeia de suprimentos são cruciais para alcançar uma economia circular, mas novos modelos de negócios são necessários para expandir o potencial e a implementação dos princípios circulares. A indústria da moda tem um papel importante em nossas vidas e é responsável por um enorme impacto ambiental e social, o que a torna especialmente interessante na transição para um modelo de negócios circular. O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar como a adoção da circularidade por empresas de moda “nascidas sustentáveis” afeta o modelo de negócios. Ao identificar e adaptar um framework de modelo de negócios circular da literatura para a indústria da moda, o objetivo é entender como empresas do Brasil e da Itália implementam princípios circulares em seus modelos de negócios. Este estudo está dividido em dois artigos. O primeiro teve o objetivo de adaptar um framework de modelo de negócios circular para fabricantes de moda, e a proposta foi validada através de entrevistas com especialistas. O segundo artigo procurou analisar a implementação do framework de modelo de negócios circular por quatro empresas de moda sustentável dos países mencionados, através da realização de estudos de caso. Os resultados mostram que pequenas empresas de moda sustentável compartilham a preocupação com o bem-estar social dos participantes da cadeia de suprimentos e oferecem peças e acessórios visando qualidade e durabilidade. No entanto, elas apresentam diferentes estratégias de design e diferem em relação aos materiais utilizados. Além do design, faz parte da implementação da circularidade a oferta de serviços como reparos, onde mesmo com a transferência da propriedade, aumenta a interação da empresa com os clientes. Os sistemas de devolução, referentes à coleta e gerenciamento de roupas e acessórios usados, são importantes embora ainda não amplamente implementados ou utilizados, o que indica algumas barreiras. Desafios de design e altos custos devido a matérias primas, processos de produção manuais e pagamento justo da mão de obra são outros desafios comuns

Integrating bacterial identification and susceptibility testing : a simple and rapid approach to reduce the turnaround time in the management of blood cultures

We evaluated a rapid bacterial identification (rID) and a rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing by disk diffusion (rAST) from positive blood culture to overcome the limitations of the conventional methods and reduce the turnaround time in bloodstream infection diagnostics.-e study included hemocultures flagged as positive by bacT/ALERT®, identification by MALDI-TOF MS, and rAST.-eresults were compared to identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) results by current standard methods, after 24 h incubation. For rAST categorical agreement (CA), very major errors (VME), major errors (ME), and minor errors (mE) were calculated. A total of 524 bacterial samples isolated from blood cultures were obtained, including 246 Gram-negative (GN) and 278 Gram-positive (GP) aerobes. -e overall concordance of rID was 88.6%, and it was highest among GN (96%). A total of 2196 and 1476 antimicrobial agent comparisons were obtained for GN and GP, respectively. Evaluation of rAST, CA, VME, ME, and mE disclosed 97.7, 0.7, 0.5, and 1.1% for GN and 98.0, 0.5, 0.7, and 0.8% for GP, respectively. Meropenem CA, VME, and ME were 98.3, 0.5, and 0.5%, respectively; mE was not observed. Oxacillin CA, ME, and mE were 97.4, 1.6, and 0.6%, respectively; VME was not observed. Overall, kappa scores of the results of the comparisons demonstrated the high agreement between rAST and the standard method. Identification and ASTof aerobic bacteria from positive blood cultures after a short period of incubation on solid blood agar is a fast and reliable method that may improve the management of bloodstream infections

Ciguatera fish poisoning in Brazilian traveler to Caribbean

Ciguatera poisoning is the most common form of non-bacterial food-poisoning from fish worldwide. The incidence among Brazilians returning from high-risk regions is unclear because it is not a mandatory reportable disease. We describe a previously healthy 53- year-old Brazilian woman developed Ciguatera fish poisoning while traveling to Havana, Cuba. Physicians and health care professionals should advise travelers to avoid eating ciguatoxic fish species and potentially toxic fish species in the Caribbean islands. Despite the prognosis for most cases is good with a short duration of self-limited symptoms, early recognition of the identifying clinical features of ciguatera can result in improved patient care

X-CapsNet For Fake News Detection

News consumption has significantly increased with the growing popularity and use of web-based forums and social media. This sets the stage for misinforming and confusing people. To help reduce the impact of misinformation on users' potential health-related decisions and other intents, it is desired to have machine learning models to detect and combat fake news automatically. This paper proposes a novel transformer-based model using Capsule neural Networks(CapsNet) called X-CapsNet. This model includes a CapsNet with dynamic routing algorithm paralyzed with a size-based classifier for detecting short and long fake news statements. We use two size-based classifiers, a Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) for detecting long fake news statements and a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) for detecting short news statements. To resolve the problem of representing short news statements, we use indirect features of news created by concatenating the vector of news speaker profiles and a vector of polarity, sentiment, and counting words of news statements. For evaluating the proposed architecture, we use the Covid-19 and the Liar datasets. The results in terms of the F1-score for the Covid-19 dataset and accuracy for the Liar dataset show that models perform better than the state-of-the-art baselines

DIREITO E NOVAS TECNOLOGIAS: O IMPACTO DA INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL NOS PROCESSOS JUDICIAIS

Com a expansão do uso de tecnologias e o avanço da denominada revolução industrial 4.0, baseada na construção de uma sociedade conectada, o direito vem sendo amplamente impactado pelas novas tecnologias. Nesse caminho a ascensãoda utilização de diversas ferramentas tecnológicas, especialmente, a inteligência artificial tem apresentado um novo panorama nas relações jurídicas no Brasil. No primeiro momento se considerará os aspectos conceituais e os mecanismos da inteligência artificial; na sequência, se contemplará os desafios do direito diante da inteligência artificial e da sociedade em rede; e finalmente, se abordará as novas tecnologias e os direitos humanos. Para isso utilizou-se o método dedutivo de abordagem e o método de procedimento monográfico, e pesquisa bibliográfica. Palavras-chave: Direito. Inteligência artificial. Novas tecnologias. Processos judiciais

Stability and activity of Zn/MCM-41 materials in toluene alkylation: Microwave irradiation vs continuous flow

Zn/MCM-41 mesoporous materials have been prepared via classic wet impregnation, employing zinc nitrate as precursor and tested for activity and stability in the Friedel-Crafts alkylation of toluene with benzyl chloride under microwave irradiation and continuous flow. The modified materials were characterized by means of a number of analytical techniques, and surface and textural properties were thoroughly checked. Materials containing the highest Zn loading (15 wt %) provided full conversion after 5 minutes reaction under microwave irradiation (300 W, 120 °C). Materials were proved to be stable and reusable for several cycles with an optimum performance under continuous flow conditions.Fil: Carraro, Paola María. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Química. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Córdoba. Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Química; ArgentinaFil: Goldani, Bruna S.. Universidade Federal de Pelotas; BrasilFil: Alves, Diego. Universidade Federal de Pelotas; BrasilFil: Sathicq, Angel Gabriel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicadas "Dr. Jorge J. Ronco". Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicadas; ArgentinaFil: Eimer, Griselda Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Química. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Córdoba. Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Química; ArgentinaFil: Romanelli, Gustavo Pablo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicadas "Dr. Jorge J. Ronco". Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicadas; ArgentinaFil: Luque, Rafael. Universidad de Córdoba; España. Rudn University; Rusi