Measurement of choroid thickness in pregnant women using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography

Objetivo: Investigar a espessura da coroide em gestantes saudáveis durante os diferentes trimestres utilizando tomografia de coerência óptica com profundidade de imagem aprimorada (EDI-OCT). Métodos: Este estudo prospectivo incluiu 90 gestantes saudáveis nos primeiro, segundo e terceiro trimestres da gravidez (grupos 1, 2 e 3, respectivamente) e 30 mulheres saudáveis não-gestantes (grupo 4) com faixa etária de 18-40 anos de idade. Foi realizada tomografia de coerência óptica espectral para estimar a espessura média da coroide. A espessura da coroide foi medida manualmente da borda externa do epitélio pigmentar da retina até o limite interno da esclera nas regiões subfoveal, 3 mm temporal e 3 mm nasal à fóvea utilizando EDI-OCT. As diferenças entre os grupos foram analisadas com o teste ANOVA unicaudal. Resultados: Houve diferença estatística significativa na espessura média da coroide entre os grupos 2 e 4 nas regiões subfoveal, temporal e nasal à fóvea (p=0,007; p<0,001; p=0,026, respectivamente). A espessura média da coroide no grupo 2 foi: 395 ± 80 µm, 338 ± 77 µm e 233 ± 61 µm nas regiões subfoveal, temporal e nasal à fóvea, respectivamente. Em comparação, a espessura média da coroide no grupo 4 foi de: 335 ± 86 µm, 275 ± 54 µm e 200 ± 53 µm, nas regiões subfoveal, temporal e nasal à fóvea, respectivamente. Não foi encontrada diferença estatística significativa entre os grupos 1-4 (p=0,214, p=0,177, p=0,094, respectivamente) e os grupos 3-4 (p=0,105, p=0,261, p=0,695 respectivamente), para todas as medidas. Conclusão: Nossos resultados sugerem que há espessamento da coroide nas regiões subfoveal, temporal e nasal à fóvea no segundo trimestre gestacional

Evaluation of peripapillary choroidal and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in eyes with tilted optic disc

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and peripapillary choroidal thickness in eyes with tilted optic disc in order to identify characteristic RNFL and peripapillary choroid patterns verified by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods: Twenty-nine eyes of 29 patients with tilted optic discs were studied with spectral-domain (SD)-OCT and compared with age and sex-matched control subjects in a prospective design. The imaging of RNFL was performed using circular scans of a diameter of 3.4 mm around the optic disc using OCT. For measurements of peripapillary choroidal thickness, the standar d protocol for RNFL assessment was performed. Results: SD-OCT indicated significantly lower superotemporal (p<0.001), superonasal (p=0.001), and global (p=0.005) RNFL thicknesses in the tilted disc group than those of the control group. Peripapillary choroid was significantly thicker at the site of the elevated rim of eyes with tilted disc (p<0.001). Conclusion: This study demonstrated a clinical characterization of the main tilted disc morphologies that may be helpful in differentiating a tilted disc from other altered disc morphologies. Further studies are recommended to study the comparison between glaucoma and tilted disc groups

Color vision changes in young subjects acutely exposed to 3,000 m altitude

Introduction: Performance of mountaineers, civil aircraft pilots, and of the personnel involved in many military operations in high mountains may rely on color discrimination at these moderate levels. The authors aimed at investigating the effects of moderate altitude (3000 m) exposure on color vision. Methods: Sixteen high school students, ages ranging between 14 and 17 yr, were enrolled in this study. Their color vision was examined with the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue (FM-100 Hue) test at 1060 and 3000 m above the sea level and the total number of errors (all 4 sectors together) compared. Number of errors was also calculated for each of 4 sub-sectors and compared between these two altitudes. Results: There was a statistically significant increase in total number of errors (p = 0.001) as well as in number of errors in sector 1 (p = 0.007) and sector 3 (p = 0.013) at 3000 m when compared with 1060 m. Conclusions: Moderate altitude (3000 m) adversely affected the total number of errors on FM-100 Hue color vision testing of an acclimatized group of young individuals in a photopic environment and this deterioriation was significant in the blue-yellow range

Ozurdex completely located inside a crystallized lens - Results of 14 months

AbstractPurposeTo report the therapeutic efficacy and results of an accidentally injected intralenticular sustained-release dexamethasone implant (Ozurdex) in a patient with macular edema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion at 14 months after injection.ObservationsWe present a 70-year-old female patient with central retinal vein occlusion who underwent an Ozurdex injection. Patient discontinued from the treatment period during the 14-month and there was no ophthalmologic examination of the patient. Detailed ophthalmological examination was performed. Ozurdex localization was determined by Pentacam rotating Scheimpflug System. The implant was accidentally injected into the crystalline lens. It did not cause a totally lens opacification but did result only in a posterior subcapsular cataract. The macular edema did not resolve, and the patient underwent phacoemulsification surgery.Conclusions and importanceOzurdex that totally located inside the crystallize lens may not have the therapeutic effects

The efficacy of piperacillin/tazobactam in experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa endophthalmitis: A histopathological and microbiological evaluation

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy of intravitreal piperacillin/tazobactam (250 mug/0.1 ml) In the treatment of experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa endophthalmitis in rabbits. Materials and Methods: Twenty New Zealand White albino rabbits were used in this study. The rabbits Department of Ophthalmology, were divided into two groups (10 rabbits in each), and the right eyes were treated with 0.1 ml intravitreal injections of P. aeruginosa suspension (ATCC 27853, 2 x 10(4) CFU); the left eyes served as uninfected control and were injected with 0.1 ml of saline solution. The right eyes of rabbits in group 1 (n = 10) received intravitreal Injection of 250 mug piperacillin/tazobactam 24 h after intravitreal inoculation of P. aeruginosa. Group 2 eyes (n = 10) received no treatment and served as infected controls. Clinical examination of the eyes in each group was performed on the first, third, and sixth day after the inoculation of P. aeruginosa. After the last ophthalmic examination, 0.1 ml vitreous aspirates were obtained for microbiological analysis, and then the eyes were enucleated for histopathological evaluation. Results: The mean clinical scores of group I and group 2 at the first day after P. aeruginosa inoculation were similar (p > 0.05). At the sixth day, the mean clinical score of group I was significantly lower when compared with group 2 eyes (p < 0.001). Microbiological analysis revealed that group 2 had a significantly more cfu/ml than group 1 (p < 0. 001), and the mean histopathological score of group 2 was significantly higher than group 2 (p = 0.009). Conclusions: Intravitreal application of 250 mug/0.1 ml piperacillin/tazobactarn seems to be effective in the treatment of P. aeruginosa enclophthalmitis in rabbits. Intravitreal piperacillin/tazobactarn combination may be a new therapy for P. aeruginosa enclophthalmitis